考研英语翻译.docx
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考研英语翻译.docx
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考研英语翻译
翻译总论
考研翻译的总体特征
✓把握整篇内容,弄清划线部分和其他部分的语法和逻辑的关系,代词的指代关系尤为常考。
例1:
Inlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekHolodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.
(71)Therewillbetelevisionchatsshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.(2001)
例2:
Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators.Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheonehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.(47)Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.(2007)
✓分析划线部分的语法结构并把主干和修饰成分拆分出来成分通畅翻译的敲门砖。
(拆分+组合)
句子是按照英文语法进行拆分,再按照汉语表达流畅的原则进行组合!
!
!
组合最常见的两种情况是:
1.按照原文语序顺译,但要加词翻成多个完整句。
Shanghaiisonitswaytobecominginternational.
ShanghaiisametroplisinEastAsiaonitswaytobecominginternational.
Shanghai,locatedattheYangtzeRiver'sentryintoEastSea,isametropoliswithtremendouseconomicdynamicswellonitswaytobecominginternational,whereEXPO,amilestoneeventwithnolesssocialimpactthanBeijingOlympics,isscheduledfornextMay.
2.打乱原文语序,按照汉语的表达原则把不同的版块进行重组。
Thereisadisjunctionbetweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.
例3:
First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual?
(46)IshalldefinehimasinanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocraticwayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemsconsciously,articulately,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactualquestions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhasobtained.(47)Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.(2006)
(46)拆分:
a.Ishalldefinehimas…
b.who…句末
c.elect…as…(原句中有倒装)
(47)拆分:
a.Hisfunctionisanalogousto…
b.whomustaccepttheobligationoftherevealingthecourseofreasoning修饰judge(原句中有一个复杂的被提前的方式状语)
c.whichledtohisdecision
句子拆分的基本原则
基本原则:
前提:
一山不容二虎
错句!
!
!
Wewillnotpayransom,don'tdodealsforhostages.
Themanhadbeenreproachedbyhisdaughterwasangryhedesertedhismotherfortwentyyears.
按照分隔符号进行拆分(标点符号)
"Scientific"creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomeforequaltimeintheclassrooms,isbasedonreligion,notscience.
按连词和从句的关系词进行拆分
Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformtoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.
复杂的介词短语,不定式结构和分词结构可以单独拆分出来,当成一个句子去翻译。
Thisseemsmosteffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossiblesequencesinthefuture.
无法进行顺利拆分的主要原因:
a.对动词句型(动词搭配)了解不准确
Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerofreasoning.
Quiz:
检测一下你的动词句型知识
Thesedaysgettingadiplomadoesn'tguaranteeyouagoodjob.
Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities--thoseofloveandofreason--aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements
Hedeliberatelyleftthedelicateissueuntouchedinhisbook.
Aslongasyouwanttopursueyourdream,youshoulddeemworthyofsacrificetheincredibleamountoftimeandenergyyouwillhavetodedicatetoit.
b.出现特殊的句型(如倒装,省略,并列,否定等。
。
。
)
Emergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelopingmoreandmoreregionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.
最难的句子往往是带复杂宾语的动词,多个不定式,分词短语,多个从句以及特俗句型的杂糅
Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning,oftheverysamekind,thoughdifferingindegree,asthatwhichascientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnaturalphenomena.
✓句子内部的短语,词汇易考察其多义
例4ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduateprograminCanadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.(2007)
例5(49)Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice.---thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourwon.(2005)
例6Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasandEdwardSapir,werepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.(62)Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.(2004)
✓从对98到08翻译试题的分析看出,名词性从句、有特点的状语从句、有复杂分词或定语从句做修饰成分、特殊否定结构和比较结构成为常见翻译难点
例7(48)Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachingnotanybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.(2006)
例8(49)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcode,whichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.(2006)
例9(48)Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989.(2005)
例10(72)Interestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasanintellectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistorianthemselves.(1999)
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例11(48)Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.(2007)
例12(64)Beinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,Whorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.(2004)
例13(72)Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.(2000)
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例14(50)Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgment.(2007)
翻译部分注意事项:
1.以真题为本;翻译部分的真题近20年内的真题都可以参照(部分90年代中期真题的语言项还有重现)
2.注意这个版块的“可为与不可为;
3.多级修饰的句子比较常见,包括
a.含多个定语从句的复合句
b.有多个小的充当定语成分的句子(包括ed,ing,todo,以及介词短语做定语
4.今年考察的文章偏抽象的倾向
例15(63)ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.(2004)
Well-founded
Ill-bred
Ill-informed
多义:
具体义---抽象义
Facility----facilitate
Bracen.支架
Wehavetobraceforchallenges.
Overlook忽略,忽视,不计较,眺望
Formula
Formulateone’sidea/laws
Theformulaofthemeetingisthateveryoneisallowedtoaskaquestion.
例16(73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfutureinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.(2000)
Emergingfromthepastdecadeisthepictureofsbdoings.
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例17(65)Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhich,initsstrongestform,statesthatlanguageimprisonsthemind,andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.(2004)
Aisofconsequencetosb.
例18(62)Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquiry
Inquireenquire
问询信
Dearsirs,
Iamwritingtoinquireyouabout…
Inquireintothematter
Probeinto….
whichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.(2003)
thesame…that..
thesame…as…
vt.As…+o.
Weshoulddeemworthyofattentionhowwecouldsafeguardtheinterestsoftheconsumers.
例19(73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendartha
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