写作强化.docx
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写作强化.docx
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写作强化
1.Justasanoldchineseproverbsays,
2.Aspiretoinspire,untilIexpire!
生命不止,奋斗不止。
3.Simpleasthepictureis,themeaningbehinditisasdeepasocean.p50
4.Thesituationbeingsoserious,itishightimethatwetookeffectivemeasurestotacklethisproblem.
问题如此严重,是马上采取有效措施解决这个问题的时候了。
5.Itisimperativethatcorrespondinglawsandregulationsbeintroducedandenforcedtocurbandharnessthisurgentproblem.
6.InnocountryotherthanChina,ithasbeensaid,istheproblemofenvironmentmoreserious.
honesty诚信phenomenon现象cultrul
7.Therehasbeenaheateddiscussionaboutapictureinthenewspaper.(万能开头句)
8.Thepastdecadehaswitnessedahugedevelopmentineconomyowingtothereformandopening-uppolicybeingcarriedout,bringingsomeproblemsatthesametime,withthefollowingonebeingtheforemost.
1.内容
有话可说;避免跑题
万能理由;万能例子
内容趋同,先字后图PS:
常考话题:
成功品质(03/04/07/08/12/13)
环保类(99/00/11/旅游)
爱心和社会道德(01/05/11)
文化交流(02/10)
科技传播(98/09)
偶像崇拜(06)
健康话题(身心健康/宠物)
学校话题(课程/教师/生活/就业)
二、形式的更具体要求
1.分段
2.段落安排
3.永恒的三段论
4.各段的句子数量和字数推荐
2-4;4-9;3-4
30-60;100-120;30-60
语言:
句式复杂多变,用词多样。
p117
p118过渡词的使用
2.结构(形式)
第一段:
描述图画(describe)
第一句:
万能开头句;(7、8)
Rencently,thispicturehastriggeredaheateddiscussionontheWeibo-themostinfluentialsocialmediaChina.Simpleasthepictureis,itdemonstratesacommonscene.
第二句:
图画描述句;
kk三步法:
(一张图一句话,两张图两句话)
先解读-----再描述
step1:
确定中心对象在图中所在的位置(用完全倒装来表达)
系动词:
be,exist,walk,stand,lie,fly,swim,float,run
万能位置:
inthemiddleofthepicture;inthesunshine;inthedarkness
step2:
对中心对象的动作或状态进行描述(非谓语动词,非限定性定语从句)
PS:
可以多个位置并列,也可以多个动作状态并列。
step3:
对中心对象周围事物或中心对象的某一部分进行描述(用独立主格来描述)
配图文字:
1.不处理;2.用谚语,用独立主格写入上一句。
(....,withalinegoinglikethis:
__(直接翻译)___)
PS:
如图所示(Asisshownabove,)
图画描述练习
第三句:
总结句;(3)
Asisshownabove,behindthelostandfoundcountersitsanoldlady,waitingfortheownersofthelostarticles,withlostitemsputontheshelfbehindher,amongwhicharelove,reponsibility,sympathy,conscienceandthelike,usedtobevaluedbyallofus.(49字)
句型:
复数名词,amongwhichareA,BandC,andthelike(列举句型)
名词:
定语(adj,adv)
Asisshownabove,intheriverdangerouslyfloatsapaperboat,symbolizingthemoraltraining,containingsomebreadandfruit,whichissymbolicoffoodsafety.
...symbolizing......whichissymbolicof...象征着...
Asisshownabove,infrontofafootball,representingunqualifiedproducts,standsaman,symbolizingthemisleadingads,aimingtoshootthepruductstothecstomer,whoisalmostcompletelyvulnerable.
Asisshownabove,onthegroundandinfrontofthebasinkneelsanadultman,puttinghishandsintothewaterandwashingfeetforhisagedmother,whoissmilingandlookingatherdearson,withalinegoinglikethis:
loveformomstartswithcaringherfeet.
Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepicturehappilyrunalotofyoungsters,rushingtothedonationboxfromalldirections,tringtocontributetheirlovetothepeopleintheneedofhelp.
Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepictureandontheroadstandagroupofpeople,hesitatingtomoveon,intimidatedbythreebigpitsfacingthem,thefakecommoditiesandmedicinesandthehighpriceofhealthcare.
Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepictureandonthecomputerscreenstandsaso-calledfamousandinfluentialstar,hawkingamedicine,boastingitsmagicfunctionandexaggeratingthatitcancurealldiseases,withacaptionreadingthat:
celebriyendorsement.
Asisshownabove,ontheroadhelplesslyliesalittlegirl,knockeddownbyarunning-awaycar,eagerlyanticipatingassistancefromothers,withalotofpeople
aroundherwhoseloveandconscientiousnesshavelostignoringhertragedy,wanderingawayruthlessly.
第二段:
阐释寓意(Interpret)
第二段写作策略:
段落展开的方法
1.科学论据法(积累组织、机构的名字)
(1)...,suggestsasurvey
(2)Accordingtoasurvey...
(3)Accordingtooneofthelatestsurveysconductedbyacertaininternationalorganization,...(列举数字)
(4)Accordingtothelatestsurvey,moneyspentonpetsinthecityofBeijingisasmuchas$1,000,000,000,whichcanfeedalltheJanpaneseintheworldforawholeyear.
(5)Moneyspentonsthisasmuchas...
Moneyspentonsrhhasreachedasmuchas...
Moneyearned/collected/raisedisasmuchas...
2.举例法(积累个人例子)
(1)...,forexample,...
...,forinstance,...
(2)someone<个人信息>perfeclyexemplifies主题,Iargue.
BarackObama,uspresident,theexcellentembodimentofAmericandream,whowentthroughunusualgrowthhistory,achievedhisowngloriousaccomplishmentandgainedfar-rangingsupport,perfectlyexemplifiesthecharacteristic
demonstratedabove-independence,Iargue.
(3)Takesb<个人信息>forinstance.Itis主题thathelpssbachievedhisgloriouspersonalaccomplishmentand...(成就)P93
(4)各种举例的套话:
P58(背)
3.虚拟语气法(对论点进行强调)
如果没有改革开放的政策,我们可能根本吃不到麦当劳或者肯德基。
weretherenoreformandopening-uppolicy,wewouldnevertastetheMcDonald`sortheKFC.
weretherenotheHopeProject,thosechildrenwouldnevertastethepreciousknowledge.
weretherenosth,sbwouldneverdosth(主题)(用于正面主题的描述)
Ifthesituationweretocontinueasitis,wewouldpaythehighprice.
Ifthesituationweretocontinueasitis,ourfuturegenerationswouldnotbothertothinkofexcusesforus.
写作练习:
希望工程
1.Oursocirtyhasbeenfilledwithavarietyofexamplesoflove,withhopeprojectbeingtheforemost.convincing说服力
2.InthewestofChinaexistsomefamilies,beingsopoorthathardlycantheysupporttheirchildren`seducation.
3.Patheticastheyare,peoplecomingfromallwalksoflifebegantohelpthem,whichissocalledHopeproject.
4.,suggestssurvey
第三段:
评论/举例(commentorexample)
第三段的写作策略
评论:
1.正面话题2.负面话题
正面话题:
第一句:
取其精华,去其糟粕
第二句:
如何面对;
第三句:
展望未来。
第一句:
Itisimperativethattheessencebeabsorbedandthedrawbacksbeneglected.
duringthisprocess,especiallyinthetimesofknowledgeexplosion,whenthenews,facts,opinionsevenrumorshavebeenbombardingusfromeverycorneroftheworld.(万能时间状语)
第二句:
Inviewofthecomplexityofsuchanissue/phenomenon,wemusttreatitsocially,economicallyandculturally.
第三句:
Onlyinareasonable,prosperousandhealthyatomspherecanwehopetowitnesstheidealsceneinwhichpeoplecanenjoytheirlifetotheuttermost.
主体canenjoy对象(根据文章而定)
负面话题:
第一句:
背诵句4
第二句:
句群(解决方案)
1.背诵句5
2.专家学者想办法:
(1)Inthisissue,reseachers,scholars,andexpertsareexpectedtoworkoutup-to-datesolutionstosth.
3.大众提升意识
(2)Foranotherthing,thegeneralpublicissupposedtoenhancetheirawarenessthat...
科学论据法的展开:
(媒体)
ChinaDailyinterviewed(survey)fourpoplefromfourpofessions----asurgeon,alawyer,acivilservantandsteelworker.
Thesurveydiscoversthatallofthemareoftheideathat+(主题很重要或主题很有害).
AccordingtoasurveyconductedbyChinaAcademyofSciene(CAS)/ChinaAcademyofSocialScience(CASS)...+结论(定语从句+比较级结合)Thosewho+动词(主题相关动词)aremorelikelyto+动词(11个方向的动词),comparedwiththosewhodo(are)not.
对于平行展开法的提升:
1.Morethan(对肯定进行强调)
Thisismorethanachallenge.
这不只是一个挑战
Theworldwidewebismorethanaformtogetup-to-date,concreteandaccurateanndvividinformation,butaninstructivemodeofentertainmentaswell.
2.Farfrombeing(对否定的强调)
Itisfarfrombeingachallenge,Chinaisstillfarfrombeingaworldeconomicleadingnation.
3.Contrarytoapopularassumption和流行的看法不同
Contrarytoapopularassumption,Chinaisstillfarfrombeingaworldeconomicleadingnation.
背:
Contraytoacommonbeliefwithoursustainabledevelopmentfacingmanydrasticthreats,environmentalpreservationshouldhavepriorityovereconomicgrowth.
4.双重否定的使用
Itisnotunrealistictopromotemorejobsatisfactioninanyjob.
背:
Thesedays,itisnotuncommonthatmanygraduateswillelectbeingacivilservantsastheirtopchoicewhenhuntingajobformanyclearadvantages(e.g.,securedposition,stableincomeorbettersocialwelfare).
Notsurprisingly,studentswhoareunderconstantstressintheirstudiesmaysufferfrompsychologicalproblemsorevencommitcrimes.
5.Anythingbut:
否定的强调
Nothingbut:
肯定的强调
5.Be动词被替换
Be=hasbeenwellreceivedas
Bewellconsideredas
Bewellseenas
Bewelldeemedas
Bewellregardedas
文艺复兴renaissanceLeonardoDaVinci莱昂纳多·达芬奇
ThomasL.Friedman教授
theauthorofbestsellerTheWorldIsFlat:
ABriefhistoryoftheTwenty-FirstCentury.
6.Nottheleast(最高级)(可以作为主题句)
Nottheleastofthefactorsthatmakeforsuccessinanyfieldofendeavoris(主题)
7.并列动词的使用
Pihsicalexercisecanshieldusfromdamagingeffectsbroughtbysedentarylifestyle,andstressfulwrokingconditionsandpreventusfromcollapsinginfrontofascreeneverynight.
8.连接三个以上的动词
DoA,doingBandthusdoingC.
9.Notonly...butalso...连接动词
Notonlywilltheyaccumulatetheirwealth,buttheyalsowillfitintothesociety.
10.连接三个以上名词的方法
NotonlyA,butasloB,andsuchbenefits(problems)asCandD.P52
10.Intermsof(就什么方面而言)
Theworldwillbechangingconstantlyintermsoftechnologyandtheinternetisthekeytoalltheknowledgeandinformationavailableintheworldtoday.
(主题)willgivethemanadvantageintermsofcopingwiththechallengesofstudentlife.
11.Admittedly...Neverthless...(尽管...但是...)
Admittedly,asasourceofentertainment,advertisementsareverypopularamongchildren.Nevertheless,theymaygiveyoungviewerssomemisleadingimpression.
11.While/whereas(表示转折)
Whilesomepeoplelinkhappinesstowelthandmaterialsuccess,othersthinkitliesinemotionsandlovingpersonalrelationships.
13.Eventhough(尽管)
Thecostoftraveling,eventhoughitisatpresentincreasingduetoaneconomicslow-downglobally,isstillrelativelyaffordabletomanypeople.
14.Sthisnotrestrictedto...,butisalsoevidentamong...(...并不只是局限于...也很明显)
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