论《推销员之死》中威利罗曼的性格特征.docx
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论《推销员之死》中威利罗曼的性格特征.docx
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论《推销员之死》中威利罗曼的性格特征
广西大学行健文理学院
毕业论文
题目:
AnalysisofCharactersofWillyLomainDeathofaSalesman
论《推销员之死》中威利•罗曼的性格特征
学部:
国际学院
专业:
英语
班级:
2008级1班
学号:
0838101022
学生姓名:
潘潇
指导教师:
谢晓莺
二〇一二年六月
论《推销员之死》中威利•罗曼的
性格特征
摘要
《推销员之死》是美国著名剧作家阿瑟.米勒于1949年写的一部关于普通美国人家庭的悲剧故事。
它刻画了一个家庭的各成员间令人心痛的矛盾和冲突,审视了美国国民价值观这个更宏观的问题,该剧剖析了人们因为盲目信奉美国梦所付出的代价。
在这个方面。
它继承了索福克勒斯的《俄狄浦斯王》的传统,对个人的悲剧提供了具有战后美国特色的解读。
米勒控诉美国社会兜售的虚幻神话。
这个神话故事是围绕战后经济所滋养的资产阶级物质主义构建起来的,物质主义遮盖了人生真相,模糊了这个国家的创建者们最初描述的美国梦所倡导的道德观念。
总之,通过分析《推销员之死》这一文学作品,能让我们深入了解戏剧中的人物性格特征对人物之间的关系有着决定性的影响,人物的性格决定了人物的命运。
因此,威利的性格决定了他与别人的社会交往关系和他美国梦的破灭,也决定了他悲剧命运的发生。
论文总共分为四个部分。
第一章节主要介绍作者的基本状况以及当时的写作背景,并对《推销员之死》这部文学作品的故事梗概做一个简单的介绍。
第二章节重点介绍主人公威利•洛曼的性格特点,威利•洛曼是个自始自终争强好胜,在他事业失利时,为了面子,违背质的准则,并且深陷在谎言、幻觉和自欺的泥潭里不能自拔的人。
他没能意识到家人对他付出的包含着痛苦的爱,结果他精神备受折磨,以至于不堪忍受,他无力体会到爱才是这个故事的悲剧所在。
第三章节通过他的性格体现,并总结在当时背景下的大多数美国人的生活观念。
最后一章节对论文做总结,整理全文思路,表明主题方向。
关键字:
《推销员之死》阿瑟.米勒美国梦性格命运
AnalysisofCharactersofWillyLomainDeathofaSalesman
Abstract
DeathofASalesmanwrittenbyArthurMillerin1949,tellsofatragicstoryofacommonAmericanfamily.Itaddressesthepainfulconflictswithinonefamily,butitalsotackleslargerissuesregardingAmericannationalvalues.TheplayexaminesthecostofblindfaithintheAmericanDream.Inthisrespect,itoffersapostwarAmericanreadingofpersonaltragedyinthetraditionofSophocles’OedipusCycle.MillerchargesAmericawithsellingafalsemythconstructedaroundacapitalistmaterialismnurturedbythepostwareconomy,amaterialistthatobscuredthepersonaltruthandmoralvisionoftheoriginalAmericanDreamdescribedbythecounty’sfounders.Inaword,analyzingDeathofASalesmancanhelpustohaveadeepunderstandingthataperson’spersonalitydetermineshissocialrelationswithothersandhisfate.Therefore,Willy’spersonalitydemonstratesthatitisdifficultforhimtogetwellwithothersandhispersonalityisdestinedtothefailureofhisAmericandream,andhistragic
Thethesishasfourparts.Thefistchaptermainlyintroducestheinformationoftheauthorandthebackground,anditbrieflymakesanoverviewofthewholestory.ThesecondchapterfocusesonthecharacteristicsofWillyLoma,whooutofafalsesenseofpridewhenhisbusinessisindepressionviolatesthequalitymaxim,coupledwithhisentrenchmentinaquagmireoflies,delusions,andself-deceptions.Hefailuretorecognizetheanguishedloveofferedtohimbyhisfamilyiscrucialtotheclimaxofhistorturousday,andtheplaypresentsthisincapacityastherealtragedy.ThethirdchapteranalyzesWilly’scharacteristics,andmakesasummaryoftheAmericanpeople’smindundertheculturalbackground.Thelastchapterconcludesthemaincontentofthewholethesis,andoncemoreproposesthetheme.
KeyWord:
DeathofaSalesman;ArthurMille;AmericaDreampersonalitytragic
CONTENTS
Chapter1Introduction
OldsalesmanWileyLohmanwasextremelytiredafterexperiencingmanydifficultity,asiflifehascometotheend.OnlyhiswifeLindaknewhim,wascareforhim,andmakeefforttoprotecthisdignity,givehimthehopetolive.However,allseemedtobeofnoavailWhenhewasyoung,hewasprideof.Hisson.Evenbiffgradesfailed,alsothatdidnotcausethefather'sattention,becauseheconfirmedthatbiffcouldbeasportsstarinthefuture,however,biffrunsawayfromhomemanytimes,andhewouldrathertobeanagriculturalworkers,ratherthantostayinabigcity.Underheavypressure,Wileywasinpullze.InordertosaveWiley,Lindacalledthechildrentolovehisfather.Atthistime,theyoungersonhappydevisedawaytoletingbiffborrowedmoneyfromfriends,bytheirindependentoperation,inordertolaunchacareer.Thisexcitingideasgivethewholefamilynewhopetoenterthedreamland......Towishthefuturetoachievetheideal,fatherandsonhadagreedintherestauranttomeet.Beforetheymet,botharebadnews:
biffdidnotborrowmoney,Wileywasdismissedbythecompany.Thismakesfatherandsonquarrel,however,theyarenotclearthesocialcauses.Eventually,Wileywaskilledbyhimself,Inordertodeathinsuranceforfamilywelfare.
Thisarticlethroughtheanalysisofculturalcharactertofindtheoriginofthetragedy,thusfoundtheAmericandreambrokenroots,thustoanalyzethesocialproblems,thisisalsothefocusofthisresearchwork.
Chapter2LiteratureReview
XietianYithinkthat:
AmericandramatistArthurMillerexposedthecrueltyofdisorderlycompetitionunderthecapitalistmarketeconomicsysteminAmerica.inwhichpeopleestablishavaluesofmoneyassuccessfulcriterionwhichmakespeoplecold-blooded.ItdestroysthegoodandhonestnatureofHumanbeingandtheweakarethepreyofthestrong.Theimmediatesignificancewereadthedramanowadaysaimsatappealingfornarrowingthedistancebetweentherichandpoor.adjustingthebalanceofdistributioninlaborproperty,improvingtheold-agedprovidingandmakegreatefforttocreateaharmonioussocietysothatwecanpreventthecrueltyof《deathofsalesman》fromrepeatingtoday.
LuyithinkthatDeathofasalesmanismanypeopleinterpretedthedisillusionmentoftheAmericandream,orbeinterpretedJewishalienation,othersthinkthatisreflectedindeathofasalesman.Asmallfigureofthetragedyoflife.Butnomatterfromanyinterpretation,deathofasalesmanbroughttheshockiscommon,itstragicepicstatus,proofThemodernAmericandramaandmodernsociologyontheirreplaceablerole.Deathofasalesmansuccessisthetragedyofthegreatsuccess,itstragiceffect.Depressionisacommonadvanceofseveralaspects
Chapter3AnAnalysisoftheFeaturesoftheWilly’sCharacter
3.1Lackofsecuritysense
Willy’sprimaryobsessionthroughouttheplayiswhatheconsidertobeBiff’sbetrayalofhisambitionsforhim.WillybelievesthathehaseveryrighttoexpectBifftofulfillthepromiseinherentinhim.WhenBiffwalksoutonWilly’sambitionsforhim,Willytakesthisrejectionasapersonalaffront(heassociatesitwith“insult”and“spite”).Willy,afterall,isasalesman,andBiff’sego-crushingrebuffultimatelyreflectsWilly’sinabilitytosellhimontheAmericanDream-theproductinwhichWillyhimselfbelievesmostfaithfully.WillyassumesthatBiff’sbetrayalstemsfromBiff’sdiscoveryofWilly’saffairwithTheWoman-abetrayalofLinda’slove.WhereasWillyfeelsthatBiffhasbetrayedhim,BifffeelsthatWilly,a“phonylittlefake”,hasbetrayedhimwithhisunendingstreamofego-strokinglies.
Willy’srealityprofoundlyconflictwithhishopes.Throughouthislife,hehasconstructedelaboratefantasiestodenythemountingevidenceofhisfailuretofulfillhisdesiresandexpectations.Bythetimetheplayopens,Willysuffersfromcripplingself-delusion.Hisconsciousnessissofracturedthathecannotevenmaintainaconsistentfantasy.Inonemoment,hecallsBiffalazybum.Inthenext,hesaysthatBiffisanythingbutlazy.Hislaterassessmentofthefamilycarissimilarlycontradictory-onemomenthecallsitapieceoftrash,thenext“thefinestcareverbuilt”.LabelingBiffalazybumallowsBiff’slackofmaterialsuccess,ambition,andfocus.DenyingBiff’slazinessenablesWillytoholdontothehopethatBiffwillsomeday,insomecapacity,fulfillhisexpectationofhim.Willychangeshisinterpretationofrealityaccordingtohispsychologicalneedsatthemoment.Heislikewiseabletoreimagingdecisivemomentsinhispastinhislaterdaydreams.Ironically,heasksLindaangrilywhyheis“alwaysbeingcontradicted,”whenitisusuallyhewhocontradictshimselffrommomenttomoment.
Willy’srealityprofoundlyconflictswithhishopes.Thoughouthislife,hewasconstructedelaboratefantasiestodenythemountingevidenceofhisfailuretofulfillhisdesiresandexpectations.
3.2Crazyman
Willy’stendencytomythologizepeoplecontributestohisdeludedunderstandingoftheworld.HespeaksofDaveSinglemanasalegendandimaginesthathisdeathmusthavebeenbeautifullynoble.WillycomparesBiffandHappytothemythicGreekfiguresAdonisandHerculesbecausehebelievethathissonsarepinnaclesof“personalattractiveness”andpowerthrough“wellliked”-mess;tohim,theyseemtheveryincarnationoftheAmericanDream.
Willy’smythologizingprovesquitenearsighted;howeverWillyfailstorealizethehopelessnessofSingleman’slonely,onthe-job,on-the-roaddeath.TryingtoachievewhatheconsidersbeingSingleman’sheroicstatus,Willycommitshimselftoapatheticdeathandmeaninglesslegacy(evenifWilly’slifeinsurancepolicyendsuppayingoff,BiffwantsnothingtodowithWillyambitionforhim).Similarly,neitherBiffnorHappyendsupleadinganideal,godlikelife;whileHappydoesbelieveintheAmericanDream,itseemslikelythathewillendupnobetteroffthanthedecidedlyungodlinessWilly.
Willy’sshoutswakeLindaandBiff,whofindWillyoutsideinhisslippers.BiffasksLindahoelonghehasbeentalkingtohimself,andHappyjoinsthemoutside.LindaexplainsthatWilly’smentalunbalanceresultsfromhishavinglosthissalary(henowworksonlyoncommission).LindaknowsthatWillyborrowsfiftydollarsaweekfromCharleyandpretendsitishissalaryLindaclaimsthatBiffandHappyareungrateful.ShecallsHappya“philanderingbum”.Angryandguilt-ridden,Biffofferstostayhomeandgetajobtohelpwithexpense.LindasaysthathecannotfightwithWillyallthetime.Sheexplainsthatallofhisautomobileaccidentsareactuallyfailedsuicideattempts.Sheaddsthatshefoundarubberhosebehindthefuseboxandanewnippleonthewaterheater’sgaspipe-asignthatWillyattemptedtoasphyxiatehimself.WillyoverhearsBiff,Happy,andLindaarguingabouthim.When
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