《英美概况》谢福之课后简答题及部分重点答案精.docx
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《英美概况》谢福之课后简答题及部分重点答案精.docx
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《英美概况》谢福之课后简答题及部分重点答案精
《英美概况》谢福之课后简答题及答案
Chapter1geographypeopleandlanguage
1.whatisthefullnameoftheU.K?
A:
thefullnameistheunitedkingdomofgreatBritainandnorthernIreland.
2.WhydotouristsfromallovertheworldliketogotoScotland?
A:
becausetheyliketoenjoythebeautifulScottishscenery,todrinkthescotchwhiskyandtoseetheScotsmenwearingkiltsandplayingbagpipes.
3.HowmanyperiodscanthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguagebedividedintoandwhat
arethey?
A:
thedevelopmentofEnglishlanguagebedividedintothreeperiod:
oldEnglish,middleEnglish,modernEnglish.
4.WhydidEnglishbecomemoreimportantaftertheBlackDeath?
A:
thelaboringandmerchantclassesgrewineconomicandsocialimportantaftertheBlackDeath.SoEnglishalsogrewinimportancecomparedtoFrench.
Chapter2History
1.WhatarethetwocomponentsoftheBritishparliament?
A:
theyaretheHouseofCommonsandtheHouseofLords.
2.WhatweresomeofQueenVictoria’smajorachievements?
A:
theQueenVictoria’smajorachievementsinalmosteveryaspect:
shepromotedfurtherindustrialrevolution,thebuildingofrailwaysandthegrowingoftradeandcommerce.Bytheendofherreign,Britishhaddevelopedtoanempireincludingaquarteroftheglobalpopulationandnearlyaquarteroftheworld’slandmass.
3.WhatwerethetwocampsinEuropeinworldwarI?
A:
ThecentralpowerswhichincludedGermany,Austria-Hungary,theottomanempireandBulgariaandalliedpowerswhichweremainlycomprisedofFrance,theRussianempire,andBritishempire,Italyandtheunitedstates.
5.WhydidBritaincooperatecloselywiththeunitedstatesafterworldwarII?
A:
becausetheywerealliedduringthewarandsharethesameworriesabouttheformersovietunion.
Chapter3governmentandthecommonwealth
1.Whatthethreefunctionsofthehouseofcommons?
A:
thethreefunctionsare:
todraftlaws,toscrutinize,criticizeandrestraintheactivitiesofthegovernmentpolicy.
2.WhyistheConservativepartysometimescalledthe“Right”?
A:
becausetheconservativepartyissupportedbylandownersandbusinessmen,whoareoftenfromthemiddleandupper-middleclass.
3.WhatkindofpublicimagedoseliberaldemocratshaveinBritain?
A:
theliberaldemocratsisperceivedas“middle”betweentheconservationandthelaborparty.itiscomparativelyflexibleandpragmaticinitsbalanceoftheindividualandthesocial.itemphasizestheneedforachangeinBritain’sconstitutionalarrangementstomakethegovernmentmoredemocraticandaccountable.
4.Whyareindependentcandidatesunlikelytowininthegeneralelection?
A;Becauseeveniftheywereelected,theywouldbepowerlessinparliament.Therefore,itis
notpossibleformanypeopletovoteforindependentcandidates.
Chapter4economy
1.WhatwasthenegativeaspectofThatcher’sreformintheearly1980s?
A:
itsnegativeaspectwasarapidincreaseinunemployment.in1982,theunemploymentratereachedthelevelofthegreatdepressionyears,withthreemillionpeopleoutofwork.
2.WhatarethecharacteristicsofBritain’sagriculture?
A:
britain’sagricultureischaracterizedbyasmallportionofthepopulationengagedinagricultureactivitieswithahighdegreeofmechanization.Althoughitemploysamere1%ofthecountry’slaborforce,itmeetsaround60%ofthenationaldemands.
3.WhathappenedtoBritain’sbeefindustryinthemid-1990s?
A:
Britain’sbeefindustrywashitbadlybyBSE,resultinginabanonbeefexportsin1996.
4.WhataresomeofthepopulartouristattractionsinBritain?
ThepopulartouristattractionsinEnglandinclude:
TheDorsetandtheEastDevonCoast,theLakeDistrict,Stonehenge,WindsorCastle,UniversitytownsofOxfordandCambridge,TowerofLondon,St.Paul’scathedralandsoon.
Chapter5education,mediaandholidays
1.WhatusedtobethemajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsandvocationalschoolsinBritain?
Themajorfunctionsofgrammarschoolsweretotrainthemostacademicallycapablestudentsandpreparethemforuniversity,whereasthemajorfunctionsofvocationalschoolsweretohelplesssuccessfulstudentstolearnatrade.
2.WhatkindofsubjectsdoBritaincomprehensiveschoolsprovide?
Britaincomprehensiveschoolsprovideageneraleducation,offeringbothacademicsubjectslikeliteratureandscience,andpracticalsubjectslikecookingandcarpentry.
3.InwhatwaysdoBritishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedom?
Britishuniversitiesenjoycompleteacademicfreedombecausetheycanappointtheirownstaff,decidewhichstudentstoadmit,providetheirowncoursesandawardtheirowndegrees.
4.Howdothestudentsintheopenuniversityreceivetheireducation?
Thestudentsfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,correspondence,video,andanetworkofstudycenters.
5.WhatroledosethemediaplayinBritishleisureculture?
ThemediaplayanessentialroleinBritishleisureculturesinceithelpstoshapethepublic’sopinion,determinepeople’smoralandpoliticalorientationandconsolidateorunderminetheruleoragovernment.
Chapter6literature
1.WhatarethethreecategoriesofShakespeare’splayandtheirrepresentatives?
Shakespeare’splaysfallintothreecategories:
comedy,tragedyandhistoricalplay.TherepresentativesofhiscomediesincludeAMidsummerNight’sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,AsYouLikeItandTwelfthNight.HismajorhistoricalplaysincludeRichardⅢ,HenryⅣandCleopatra.HisgreattragediesarerepresentedbyHamlet,Othello,KingLear,MacbethandRomeoandJuliet.
2.WhatiscriticalRealism?
criticalRealismisaliteraryschoolwhichflourishedinthe40sandearly50softhe19thcentury.thecriticalrealistsdescribedthechieftraitsofthesocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.thegreatestEnglishcriticalrealistwas
CharlesDickens.
3.Whatarethetwonewliterarytrendsprevailingattheendof19thcentury?
Thenewliterarytrendsthatprevailedattheendof19thcenturyareneo-romanticismandaestheticism.Thosewhobelongtoneo-romanticismlaidemphasisontheinventionofexcitingadventuresandfascinatingstories,andthoseofaestheticismbelievedin“artforart’ssake”.
4.Whatisstreamofconsciousness?
streamofconsciousnessisthewritingtechniquewhichputstheunorganizedflowofthoughtonpage.writerswhoadoptthistechniquegiveprecedencetothedepictionofthecharacters’mentalandemotionalreactionstoexternalevents,ratherthantheeventsthemselves.Chapter7societyandculture
USA
Chapter8geographyandpeople
1.HowistheAmericanpopulationdistributed?
ThedistributionoftheAmericanpopulationisratheruneven.themostdenselypopulatedregionisthenortheasternpartofthecountry.Thegreatplainshaveacomparativelysmallpopulation.thesouthalsohasapopulationofalmost57.5million.thewestisnotdenselypopulated,exceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikelosAngelesandsanFrancisco.ithasabout20%ofthenation’spopulation.
2.HowisthelifeofthenativeAmericanstoday?
AboutonethirdofallnativeAmericansnowliveonreservationsandtheothersliveincities.
Povertyandunemploymentarethemajorproblemsforthem,especiallyonthereservations.
3.Whywastheimmigrationactof1942instituted?
Thenewimmigrantsintheunitedstates,beingpoorandaccustomedtopoverty,werewillingtoworkforverylowwages.thismadeotherworkersafraidthattheimmigrantswouldlowerwagelevelsandtakejobsawayfromthem.thisoppositionledtotheimmigrationactof1942.
Chapter9history
1.WhydidAmericanchangeitspolicyandenterworldwarII?
Becauseoftheformationoftheaxis,theAmericangovernmentfearedthattheaxiscountrieswerewiningthewaranditmightthreatenAmerica’ssecurityandinterests.itbegantoprovidewarequipmenttotheforeignnationsresistingtheaggressionoftheaxispower.theJapaneseairraidonpearlharborbecamethedirectcauseforAmerica’sentranceintothewar.
2.WhatwereNixon’swell-knowncontributionsduringhispresidency?
abroughttheVietnamwartoaclose;breestablishingU.S.relationswithchina;c
negotiatingthefirststrategicarmslimitationtreatywiththeformersovietunion.
3.WhatwerethecontentsofReagan’seconomicprogram?
Reagan’seconomicprogramcalledforreductionsinincometaxesandbusinesstaxesinordertoencourageinvestment,anditalsorequestedthatmanygovernmentregulationsbeeliminatedsoastoreducethefederalgovernment’sroleintheday-to-dayoperationofbusiness.
Chapter10government
1.WhatarethetwocharacteristicsoftheU.S.constitution?
Oneis“checksandbalances”,theotheristhatthepowerofthecentralgovernmentandthe
powersofstategovernmentsarespecified.
2.Whatarethequalificationsforasenatorandarepresentativerespectively?
Asenatormustbeover30yearsold,aU.S.citizenforatleastnineyears,andaresidentin
thestatewhichtheyrepresent.arepresentativeshouldbeatleast25yearsoldandaU.S.
citizenfornolessthansevenyears.
3.Whatarethemajorpowersofthesupremecourt?
atointerpretlaws;btohearappealsfromanyfederalcourtcases;ctohearappealsfromstate
courtcasesthatinvolvetheconstitutionornationallaws;dmaydeclarealawunconstitutional;emaydeclareapresidentialactunconstitutional.
4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthedemocratsandtherepublicansintermsofpolitical
opinions?
Thedemocratswantthegovernmenttoplayanimportantroleintheeconomyandemphasizefullemploymentasamatterofnationalconcern.theyfavorcivilrightslaws,astrongsocialsecuritysystemwhichgives
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