届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二20页word版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二20页word版.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二20页word版
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二
[一]
Thisisatimeofyearwhenhighschoolstudentsandtheirfamiliesarethinkinghardaboutcollege.Asseniors,juniors,andparentsidentifytheirtopchoices,discussionstypicallyfocusonthecollegeitself.Istheinstitutionsmallorlarge?
Howstrongaretheacademics?
Whatisthesociallifelike?
DoIlikethecampus?
Suchconsiderationsareimportant,buttheycancovertheall-importantquestion:
Wherewillthesecollegeyearslead?
Applicantsshouldthinkseriouslyaboutwhichcollegeontheirlistcanbestpreparethemfortherealworld.Theyshouldlookforcampusesthatofferwell-structuredprogramstohelpthemformadirectionfortheirlivesanddevelopthecapacitytotakestepsalongthatpath.
OneofthemoststrikingrecentphenomenaaboutcollegegraduatesinAmericahasbeenthe“boomerang”student:
theyoungpersonwhogoesawaytocollege,hasagreatexperience,graduates,andthenmovesbackhomeforayearortwotofigureoutwhattodowithhisorherlife.Thispatternhasleftmanygraduates—andtheirfamilies—wonderingwhetheritmakessensetospendfourormoreyearsatcollege,oftenatgreatexpense,andfinishwithnoclearsenseofwhotheyareorwhattheywanttodonext.Thetrendpointstooneofthegreatshortcomingsofmanyofournation’sleadingcollegesanduniversities.Structuredopportunitiestothinkaboutlifeaftergraduationarerare.Theformalcurriculumfocusesalmostuniversallyontheacademicdisciplinesoftheartsandsciences.Advisingonhowvariousmajorsconnecttopathwaysintotheworkplaceistypicallyhaphazard(没有条理的).Careerplanningofficesareoftenshorthandedandmarginal(不重要的)tocollegelife.
Itdoesn’tneedtobethisway,andinrecentyearssomeofthecountry’stopcollegeshaveenrichedtheiracademicofferingswithopportunitiesforstudentstogainreal-worldexperiences.
8.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdotypicaldiscussionsoncollegechoicesignore?
A.Thefunctionofcollegeeducationinemployment.
B.Thedifficultyinfindingjobsaftergraduation.
C.Highschoolstudents’interests.
D.Theacademicsofcollege.
9.Whichaccountsforthe“trend”mentionedinthefourthparagraph?
A.Studentsfailingtobehavethemselves.
B.Parentsoverprotectingtheirchildren.
C.Studentschoosingmajorsblindly.
D.Schoolslackingproperguidance.
10.Whatwillbeprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph?
A.Recipesforacademicachievements.
B.Goodacademicprogramsincollege.
C.Academictipsforcollegestudents.
D.Disadvantagesofpresentcollegecourses.
11.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Agoodwaytochooseacollege
B.Anewtrendintopcolleges
C.Connectsubjectswithlifebeyondcollege
D.Makecollegeoneoflife’srichestexperience
【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.A
【解析】文章主要讲述了在选择大学时需要考虑很多方面如:
哪一所大学能让他们更好地为现实世界做准备,应该寻找能提供良好结构的项目的校园,帮助他们形成生活的方向,培养他们沿着这条路走的能力。
8.细节理解题。
根据“Applicantsshouldthinkseriouslyaboutwhichcollegeontheirlistcanbestpreparethemfortherealworld.”申请者应该认真考虑他们名单上的哪一所大学能让他们更好地为现实世界做准备。
根据作者的观点,关于大学的选择讨论忽视了大学教育在就业中的作用。
故选A。
9.词义猜测题。
根据“Thispatternhasleftmanygraduates—andtheirfamilies—wonderingwhetheritmakessensetospendfourormoreyearsatcollege,oftenatgreatexpense,andfinishwithnoclearsenseofwhotheyareorwhattheywanttodonext.”这种模式让许多毕业生与他们的家庭怀疑,在大学花上四年或更多的时间在大学里是否有道理,通常花费很大,而且没有明确知道自己是谁,下一步做什么。
故可推知学校缺乏指导。
故选D。
10.推理判断题。
文章最后一段讲述了近年来,一些国家的顶尖大学丰富了他们的学术成果,有机会让学生获得真实的体验。
可推知下一段应介绍大学的学术课程。
故选B。
11.主旨大意题。
文章主要讲述了在选择大学时需要考虑很多方面如:
哪一所大学能让他们更好地为现实世界做准备,应该寻找能提供良好结构的项目的校园,帮助他们形成生活的方向,培养他们沿着这条路走的能力。
故选A。
【名师点睛】推理判断型
推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。
这种题型包括判断题和推理题。
这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。
做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,去体会作者的“弦外之音”。
推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类:
(1)细节推断。
如时间、地点、人物关系等;
(2)逻辑推断。
根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因;(3)目的、意图、态度推断。
根据文章的论述,推断作者的写作目的以及作者的情感态度;(4)预测想象推断。
文章没有明确说明,要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
例如:
本题中的第3小题。
【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断型中的(4)预测想象推断。
文章没有明确说明,要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。
【答案定位】文章最后一段讲述了近年来,一些国家的顶尖大学丰富了他们的学术成果,有机会让学生获得真实的体验。
可推知下一段应介绍大学的学术课程。
[二]
TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthewidespreaduseofsugarinfoodproductsanddrinksisamajorconcerninmanyareas.SoWHOofficialsarecallingongovernmentstorequiretaxesonsugarydrinks.Theofficialsbelievethetaxesalsowouldreducetheriskofhealthproblemsresultingfromobesity.
Obesityisaconditioninwhichthebodystoreslarge,unhealthyamountsoffat.Anewreportsaysthatin2014morethanone-thirdoftheadultsintheworldwereoverweight,and500millionwereconsideredobese.TheUnitedNationsagencyestimatesthatin2015,42millionchildrenunderage5wereeitheroverweightorobese.AlmosthalfoftheseboysandgirlsliveinAsiaandone-fourthinAfrica.
TheU.N.agencyblamesunhealthydietsforariseindiabetescases.Therearemorethan400millioncasesofthediseaseworldwide.TheWHOsays1.5millionpeoplediefromiteveryyear.Itsaystheuseofsugarinfoodproductsanddrinksisamajorreasonfortheincreaseinratesofobesityanddiabetes.
TemoWaqanivaluiswiththeagency.HetoldVOAthattaxingsugarydrinkswouldreduceconsumptionandsavelives.WayanivalunotedthatMexicoenacteda10percenttaxonsugarydrinksin2014.Hesaidbytheendoftheyear,therewasa6percentdropintheconsumptionofsuchdrinks.Amongpoorpeople,thenumberofpeoplewhoconsumedsugarydrinksdroppedby17percent.
TheWHOsayspeopleshouldlimittheamountofsugartheyconsume.Itsaystheyshouldkeeptheirsugarintaketobelow10percentoftheirtotalenergyneeds,andreduceittolessthan5percentforimprovedhealth.
12.Whyaretaxesonsugarydrinksrequired?
A.Tolimittheiruseandpopularity.
B.Toreadjusttheeconomicstructure.
C.Towarnpeopletochangetheirlifestyle.
D.Toensurethemarket’sdiversedevelopment.
13.Whatdothefiguresinthesecondparagraphsuggest?
A.Adultobesityisignoredatpresent.
B.Obesityisasevereworldwideproblem.
C.Obesitycanblockeconomicdevelopment.
D.Obesityismostseriousindevelopedcountries.
14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enacted”meaninthepassage?
A.Abolish
B.Pass
C.Promise
D.Reduce
15.WhatdoestheexampleofMexicoprove?
A.Taxpoliciesareunfairtothepoor.
B.Sugarydrinksareathreattohealth.
C.Thepoorconsumemoresugarydrinks.
D.Taxingsugarydrinksmakesadifference.
【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.D
【解析】文章讲述了通过几组数据可知含糖食品和饮料的使用是肥胖和糖尿病发病率增加的一个主要原因。
因此世卫组织官员呼吁各国政府对含糖饮料征税。
官员们相信,税收也会减少肥胖导致的健康问题的风险
13.推理判断题。
根据“Anewreportsaysthatin2014morethanone-thirdoftheadultsintheworldwereoverweight,and500millionwereconsideredobese.”一份新的报告说,在2014世界上超过三分之一的成年人超重,5亿的人被认为是肥胖的。
可知肥胖是一个严重的社会问题。
故选B。
14.词义猜测题。
根据“HetoldVOAthattaxingsugarydrinkswouldreduceconsumptionandsavelives.”他对美国之音说,对含糖饮料征税将减少消费并挽救生命。
可知2014年墨西哥制定了对含糖饮料征收10%的税。
故选B。
15.推理判断题。
根据文章倒数第二段可知,墨西哥通过对含糖饮料征税后,饮料的消费量下降,可推知人们对糖的摄入量减少。
改善的健康状况。
故选D。
[三]
Therehavealwaysbeenalotofcommonlybelievedbutfalseideasaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.Somepeoplebelievethattheycan’thelpputtingonweightastheygetolder,whileothersholdthatiftheystopexercising,theirmuscleswillturnintofat.Herearesomemoremyths:
I’llneverloseweight--Icomefromafatfamily
Wrong!
Whilewecan'tchangethebodytype wearebornwith,wecan'tblameourgenesformakingusfat.There'splentyofevidence thatfatnessrunsinfamilies,andthemainreasonis thattheysharethesamehabitofeatingtoomuchandexercisetoolittle.
IamfatbecauseIburncaloriesslowly
Wrong!
Fatnessisnotcausedbyaslowmetabolism(新陈代谢).Infact,althoughfatpeopleconsumemoreenergythanslimpeople,theyalsofailtorealizehowmuchtheyeat!
Keepingadiarycanhelpyouworkoutyourdailyfoodintakemomaccurately.
Exerciseisboring
Wrong!
Anythingwillbecomeboringifyoudoitrepetitively.Thekeyistodevelopabalancedandvariedprogramthat'sfunaswellasprogressive.IfyouenjoyaSundaywalk,takeadifferentmute.Ifyoudoyoga,tryaTaichiclass.Ifyoulikeswiping,setyourselfadistanceortimechallenge.
Nopain,nogain
Wrong!
Exerciseisnotmeanttohurt.Indeed,painisyoubodytellingyousomething'swrong,andcontinuingtoexercisecouldleadtoseriousinjury.Youmayexperiencemilddiscomfortasyoubegintoexerciseregularly,butthisisyourbodyadaptingtothepositivechangesinyourlifestyleandtheachesshoulddisappearrelativelyquickly.Iftheydon't,restandseekmedicaladvice.
5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutbeingfat?
A.Itisthefamilygenesthatmakepeoplefat.
B.Peoplearefatbecausetheyconsumetoolittleenergy.
C.Adiaryofexercisecanpreventpeoplefrombecomingfat.
D.Itistheconsequenceofpeople'sunbalancedlifestyle.
6.Accordingtotheauthor,howcanwemakeexercisemominteresting?
A.Bytakingvariedexercise.B.Bychoosingsimpleexercise.
C.Bydoingregularexercise.D.Bystickingtooutdoorexercise.
7.Whatistheauthor'sopinionabout"Nopain,nogain"inexercising?
A.Keepinglitisessentiallyapainfulexperience.
B.Exerciseshouldbestoppedifcontinuouspainisfelt.
C.Paininexerciseisapreconditionforreachingyourgoal.
D.Gettingusedtopainleadstopositivechangesinyourbody.
8.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Todeclaretheimportanceofkeepinglit.
B.Toclarifysomemisconceptionsaboutfatnessandexercise.
C.Toconfirmwhathaslongbeenbelievedaboutkeepingfit.
D.Toexplainsomemedicalfactsaboutbeingfatanddoingexercise.
【答案】5.D6.A7.B8.B
【解析】文章大意:
本文是人们中一些关于肥胖和锻炼的错误的观点的说明同时还否定了这些错误的观点。
5.作者在文章中否定了多个关于肥胖和锻炼的错误观点。
根据第二段最后一句themainreasonisthattheysharethesamehabitsof
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