语态.docx
- 文档编号:10101792
- 上传时间:2023-05-23
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:23.07KB
语态.docx
《语态.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《语态.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
语态
第一类:
be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态结构:
一般现在时
Iam….
Youare.…
He/She/Itis….
We/You/Theyare….
一般将来时
(1)(I等各人称)willbe….
(2)Iamgoingtobe…
He/She/Itisgoingtobe…
We/You/Theyaregoingtobe…
现在完成时
Ihavebeen….
Youhavebeen….
She/he/Ithasbeen….
We/You/Theyhavebeen….
一般过去时
Iwas….
Youwere.…
He/She/Itwas….
We/You/Theywere….
过去将来时
(1)(I等各人称)wouldbe….
(2)Iwasgoingtobe…
He/She/Itwasgoingtobe…
We/You/Theyweregoingtobe…
过去完成时
Ihadbeen….
Youhadbeen….
She/he/Ithadbeen….
We/You/Theyhadbeen….
第二类:
行为动词的各种时态结构:
一般现在时
动词用原形(单三人称动词加s/es)
(问句和否定句借用助词do/does)
一般过去时
动词用过去式
(问句和否定句借用助词did)
现在进行时
am+动词-ing
is+动词-ing
are+动词-ing
过去进行时
was+动词-ing
were+动词-ing
一般将来时
(1)will+动词原形
(2)am+goingto+动词原形
Is+goingto+动词原形
are+goingto+动词原形
过去将来时
(1)would+动词原形
(2)was+goingto+动词原形
were+goingto+动词原形
现在完成时
have+过去分词
has+过去分词
过去完成时
had+过去分词 主动语态变被动语态时,主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语,主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
被动语态的口诀:
一般现、过用be+V.过去分词,be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态have(has)done,被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall(will)do,被动变do为bedone。
将来进行无被动,shall(will)bedoing,
现在完成进行同,have(has)beendoing。
现、过进行bedoing,被动be加beingdone。
情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not,疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加bedone,双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。
1.一般现在时is\am\are+P.P(过去分词)
2.一般过去时was\were+P.P
3.一般将来时willbe+P.P
4.现在进行时is\am\are+being(固定不变)+P.P
5.过去进行时was\were+being(固定不变)+P.P
6.现在完成时have\hasbeen+P.P
7.过去完成时hadbeen+P.P
语法结构
1.if结构(非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况)
与..事实相反If从句主句
过去HaddoneWould*havedone
现在Were/didWould*do
将来Shoulddo/were/weretodoWould*do
"一感二听三让四看半帮助”要加to
例句:
Iftherehadn’tbeenmuchraininspring,wewouldhavehadagoodharvestnow.[过去]
Ifhesmokedless,hiscoughmightbewellsoon.[现在]
Ifthelecturershouldbelate,youwouldhavetomakeaspeechfirst.[将来]
被动语态是有关动词的语法范畴,它用于被动结构的句子中,表示主语是动作的承受者
1)被动语态的构成形式:
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(助动词的be要随主语的人称和数作相应的变化,并且有不同的时态形式。
Englishistaughtinthiselementaryschool.
Alltheticketsweresoldout.
Thedecisionwillbeannounced
2)如果句子的谓语是个动词词组或者动词短语,在变成被动语态的时候,整个动词短语或者动词词组要被当做一个单个的及物动词来处理
thefilmhasbeenmuchtalked
theplanwasgivenup
whathesaidshouldnotbelaughedat
3)一个句子如果有主动语态变为被动语态,原来的句子中的主语也就是动作的执行者,在被动语态的机子重要用介词“by”引出
jackisputtingupapictureonthewall/apictureisbeingputuponthewallbyjack
4)一般来说,在被动语态句中由“介词by+动作的执行者”的介词短语通常可以省略,尤其是在动作执行者难以或者不需要明确指出的时候。
因为在被动语态句中主要强调的是动作的承受者,而动作的执行者已经被降到了次要的地位。
但是如果动作的执行者在主动语态的句子中仍然是受强调的成分,那么变为被动语态的时候,这个动作的执行者仍然要保留。
ShakespearewroteHamlet/HamletwaswrotebyShakespeare
被动语态中的情态动词:
thiswordcanalsobeusedasaverb
thismustbedoneatonce
thequestionisgoingtobediscussedsoo
被动语态的否定式与疑问式:
thepoemwasn'twrittenin1931
thissentencecan'tbeanalyzedthisway
whenwastheplacebuilt?
hasanythingbeendoneaboutit?
1()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.
A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound
()2English____inCanada.
A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken
()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.
A.oftensingsB.oftensang
C.isoftensangD.isoftensung
()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.
A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade
()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.
A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused
2
()1Ourroommust___clean.
A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep
()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.
-I'msorry.___.
A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold
()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.
A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft
()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.
A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed
()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.
A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing
C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished
3
()1Japanese___ineverycountry.
A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking
()2Thesepapers___yet.
A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten
C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten
()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.
A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't
4
()1-Myshoesarewornout.
A.Can'ttheybemended?
B.Letmehavealookatit.
C.Howmuchdotheycost?
D.Can'ttheymended?
()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?
Ibadlyneedit.
A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are
()3___thesedesksbeneeded?
A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do
5
()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?
A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld
C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld
()2Whowasthebook___?
A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby
()3Where___theseboxesmade?
A.wasB.wereC.isD.am
6
()1Theflowers___often.
A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater
()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.
A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow
()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.
A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended
7
()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuilt
C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt
()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.
A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown
()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.
A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuild
C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild
8
()1Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.
A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept
()2Thepot___for___hotwater.
A.used;keepingB.wasused;keeping
C.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep
()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.
A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow
()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.
WOIt'saHaidiantopproblem
oA.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt
()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.
A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung
9
()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.
A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowing
C.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing
()2Theteapot___water.
A.isfilledwithB.filledof
C.fullingofD.filled
()3Oldpeoplemustbelooked^fterwelland___politely.
A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento
()4Oldpeoplemust___.
A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafter
C.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell
10
()1Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.
A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareof
C.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare
()2Theywere___atthesuddennoise.
A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens
()3Thesewalls___stone.
A.aremadeofB.madeofuC.aremadeintoD.madeinto
11
()1Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.
A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid
()2Thepapers___tothem.
A.wereshownB.showC.shown/D.haveshown
()3Thecoat___hersister.
A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto
12
()1I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.
A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven
()2Goodcare____suchthings.
A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetaken
C.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof
()3Shewill____goodcare____.
A.take;ofB.betaken;ofC.take;foryouD.betaken;ofyou
13
()1Theteachermadehim___hishomework.
A.todoB.doC.didD.done
()2Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.
A.wasmadetocleanB.madeclean
C.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean
()3Thesechildren____dance.
A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto
14
()1Thesestones___well.
A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted
()2Thebike___500yuan.
A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted
()3Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.
A.was'hadB.washeldC.heldD.had
15
()1Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.
A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace
()2Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.
A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown
()3Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.
A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened
()4Thewatchhasoften___down.
A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell
16
()1Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.
A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken
()2Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.
A.arewrittenB.werewritten
C.arewritingD.werewriting
()3Whattime___thedoor___everyday?
A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close
17
()1Canhe___himself?
A.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof
()2Hefellfromhisbikeand___.
A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt
()3Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__
A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn
18
()1Theapple___verysweet.
A.istastedB.taste-C.tastesD.aretasting
()2You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.
A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat
()3Whatyousaid___.likeagoodidea.
A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded
19
()1-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?
-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.
A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing
()2Howdirtythetablesare!
Theyneed___.
A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned
()3Thebookisworth___.
A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read
参考答案:
1.1-5BDDDC2.1-6BCBBCA3.1-3ABB4.1-3ABA5.1-3BDB6.1-3BA
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 语态