完整word版胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx
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完整word版胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案.docx
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完整word版胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案
胡壮麟《语言学教程》(修订版)测试题
第一章:
语言学导论
I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
1.Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman
A.contactB.communication
C.relationD.community
B.typewriter
D.bang
3.Thefunctionofthe
2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?
A.treeC.crash
sentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.i”s
A.interrogative
C.informative
B.directive
D.performative
4.InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎(岁岁)平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?
A.InterpersonalB.Emotive
C.PerformativeD.Recreational
5.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?
A.TransferabilityB.Duality
C.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness
6.Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?
—Aniceday,isn'tit?
—Right!
Ireallyenjoythesunlight.
A.EmotiveB.Phatic
C.PerformativeD.Interpersonal
7.referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageusesrknowledge
oftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.
A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole
8.Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.
Itcouldn'tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof.
A.culturaltransmission
C.
B.productivity
D.duality
9.
language.
A.PsycholinguisticsC.Sociolinguistics
displacementanswerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirst
B.Anthropologicallinguistics
D.Appliedlinguistics
II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.
12.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.
13.Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.
14.Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.
15.Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.
16.Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.
17..DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.
18.
'stimeisanexample
AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare
Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.
ofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.
19.
III.
20.
Fillintheblanks.(10%)
Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansofcommunication.
Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbe
21.
22.
combinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed.
23.Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis.
24.Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthetheory.
25.Linguisticsisthestudyoflanguage.
26.Modernlinguisticsisinthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscover
whatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.
27.
over
Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof_writing.
28.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisastudy.
29.Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.referstotheabstract
linguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.
30.
Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
第二章:
语音
4.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas
A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula
5.Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownasdiphthongs.
D.centering
A.wideB.closingC.narrow
6.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled
A.minimalpairsB.allomorphs
C.phonesD.allophones
7.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.AcousticphoneticsB.Articulatoryphonetics
C.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove
8.Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]
9.Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
A.[i:
]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]
10.Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant
II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.
12.Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.
13.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation.
14.[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.
15.Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.
16.Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.
17.Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.
18.Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs.short.
19.ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.
20.Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.
III.Fillintheblanks.(20%)
21.
Consonantsoundscanbeeither
soundsare.
22.Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing
23.Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionoftheandthelips.
24.Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthetowhichthatpartof
thetongueisraised.
25.Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout
26.Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating.
27.InEnglishthereareanumberof,whichareproducedbymoving
fromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.
28.referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluence
oftheirneighbors.
29.isthesmallestlinguisticunit.
30.
IV.
Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthecomingfromthelungs.
31.
Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
33.
Complementarydistribution
V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)
35.Whatisacousticphonetics?
(中国人民大学,2003)
36.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofarticulation?
(南开04)
VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)
37.Writethesymbolthatcorrespondstoeachofthefollowingphoneticdescriptions;thengiveanEnglishwordthatcontainsthissound.Example:
voicedalveolarstop[d]dog.(青岛海洋大学,1999)
(1)voicelessbilabialunaspiratedstop
(2)lowfrontvowel
(3)lateralliquid
(4)velarnasal
(5)voicedinterdentalfricative
第三章:
词汇
I.Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
1.Nouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas
A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords
C.functionwordsD.formwords
2.Morphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalledmorpheme.
A.inflectional
C.bound
B.free
D.derivational
3.Thereare
A.three
__morphemesintheworddenationalization.B.fourC.fiveD.six
4.InEnglish-seand-ionarecalled.
A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixes
D.stems
5.Thethreesubtypesofaffixesare:
prefix,suffixand
A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffix
C.infixD.back-formation
6.isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexisting
wordsbysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.
A.affixationB.back-formation
C.insertionD.addition
7.ThewordTBisformedinthewayof.
A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialism
D.blending
8.Thewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby
A.blendingB.clippingC.back-formation
D.acronymy
9.Thestemofdisagreementsis
A.agreementB.agree
C.disagree
D.disagreement
10.Allofthemaremeaningfulexceptfor.
A.lexemeB.phonemeC.morpheme
D.allomorph
II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.Phonetically,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.
12.Foreasinforetellisbothaprefixandaboundmorpheme.
13.Basereferstothepartofthewordthatremainswhenallinflectionalaffixesareremoved.
14.Inmostcases,prefixeschangethemeaningofthebasewhereassuffixeschangetheword-classofthebase.
15.Conversionfromnountoverbisthemostproductiveprocessofaword.
16.Reduplicativecompoundisformedbyrepeatingthesamemorphemeofaword.
17.Thewordswhimper,whisperandwhistleareformedinthewayofonomatopoeia.
18.Inmostcases,thenumberofsyllablesofawordcorrespondstothenumberofmorphemes.
19.Back-formationisaproductivewayofword-formations.
20.Inflectionisaparticularwayofword-formations.
III.
Fillintheblanks.(20%)
26.
short
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