mba翻译真题汇总.docx
- 文档编号:10032675
- 上传时间:2023-05-23
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:19
- 大小:1.05MB
mba翻译真题汇总.docx
《mba翻译真题汇总.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《mba翻译真题汇总.docx(19页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
mba翻译真题汇总
MBA历年真题及参考答案汇总(97-08)
2000联考
Manycompaniesmaybecuttingexpensesasmuchaspossible,butartssponsorshipisdoingbetterthanever.Thetrendissteadilyupwards.Sponsorshipoverallnowtakesupperhaps#50million,orthreetimesasmuchasitdidfiveyearsago.Mostofthatmaytoonsport——butthespendingonartshasrisenthefastestofallandmaynowbeworth$4millionayear.Theextrahelpiseasytoexplain.Banks,insurancecompanies,theoilindustryandtobaccofirmsprovidethreequartersoffundsgoingintoartssponsorship.Allfourgroupstendtobeunpopular——whichmakesthemallthekeenertodisplaytheirsocialconcernandsobuildupsomegoodwill.
标准:
很多公司正在尽可能地削减经费,但对艺术的赞助与以往任何时候相比却有增无减。
这种趋势还在不断上升。
现在赞助总额可能有5000万美元,或者说是五年前的三倍。
这笔钱的大部分可能花在体育方面——但在所有的开支中,艺术方面的开支一直是增长最快的,现在每年可能达到400万美元。
这额外资助的原因是不难说明的。
银行、保险公司、石油工业和烟草公司提供了对艺术资助四分之三的资金。
这四个集团往往不太受大众的欢迎——这使得他们更加渴望显示自己对社会的关心,以逐步赢得信誉。
2001年翻译
(56)Thetypesofdaydreams,whethertheyarepleasantandhopefulorfilledwithdespairtakeshapeinchildhoodwheneveryonedevelopsoneofthreebasicdaydreamingstyles:
positive,negativeandscattered,AmericanHealthreports.Althougheveryonelapsesoccasionallyintoeachofthesetypes,positivedaydreamersaremorelikelytoimaginehappy,playfulorentertainingofthesetypes,positivedaydreamersaremorelikelytoimaginehappy,playfulorentertainingscenarios.(57)Negativedaydreamerstendtodwellonlife’sdarkerside,imaginingdangerousand/orlifethreateningsituations,suchastheappearanceofafatalorweakeningdiseaseorbecomingavictimofviolence.Scattereddaydreamersareeasilyboredanddistracted."Theirmentalimagestendtobefleeting,repetitiveandshallow,likevariationsonthesamefairytales,"explainsYalepsychologistRonTower.
(58)Whileallthreetypesarecommon,positiveimaginationsarelikeliesttoserveasspringboards(跳板)forproblemsolving,whilenegativeandscattereddaydreamsmayleaveapersonfeelinganxious.Negativedaydreamersarewaitingfortheothershoe"tofall".Theirimaginationsareoftenguiltyriddenorobsessive.
Therearetimeswhendriftingawaycancauseproblems,accordingtoBlodin."Ifdaydreaminggetsinthewayofdailyfunctionbecausethepersonisdoingitallday,thepersonwon’tbeveryproductive,"shesays."Theamountoftimeandthefrequencythatapersondaydreamsiswhat’simportant.Itshouldnottakeupallofyourtime.(59)Ifpeoplefindtheirdaydreamingisbecomingexcessive(过多的),theyshouldtakearealisticlookatwhat’sgoingonintheirlifeandaskthemselveswhattheyaretryingtoavoid.Thentheycanassesswhatstepstheyneedtotaketocorrectthesituation."(Anyonewhohasahardtimediscriminatingbetweenrealityandimaginationorstartsreplacingreallifefamilyandfriendswithimaginedpeopleshouldseekprofessionalhelp.)
(60)ProfessorSingersumsuptheadvantagesofdaydreamstotheaverageperson:
"bysittingquietlyandlettingyourdaydreamsemergeinsteadofsquelching(抑制)them,youmayfindtherearepartsofyourselfyouhaven’tbeenlisteningto.Insteadoffearingthem,you’llgainaccesstotremendousrangeofinteresting,creativeideas."
(56)《美国健康》杂志报道说:
人们的白日梦类型,不管是令人愉快、充满希望的,还是令人绝望的,在童年时代就已形成,那时候每个人就形成了三种基本白日梦类型中的一种,即积极型的、消极型的或支离破碎型的。
(57)消极型的白日梦者总是想着生活中比较阴暗的一面,想象着危险的和(或者)威胁生命的情景,诸如出现一种致命的或使人衰弱的疾病,或是自己成了暴力的受害者。
(58)尽管这三种白日梦类型都很常见,积极型的幻想最有可能作为解决问题的跳板,而消极型和支离破碎型的白日梦可能会使人感到焦虑不安。
(59)如果人们发现自己的白日梦过多了,那么他们就要现实地看待他们生活中正在发生的事情,并问问自己他们是在力图逃避些什么。
(60)辛格教授总结了白日梦对普通人的益处:
“静静地坐在那里,让你的白日梦浮现出来,而不是抑制它们,你就可以发现有些你自己从未倾听过的关于你自己的部分/内心。
”
2002年翻译
Geniusissomethingthatisdifficulttomeasurequantitativelysinceitisauniquequality,althoughmostofuscanrecognizegeniuswhenweseeitorhearit.(71)Bycontrastintelligenceispossiblyeasiertoquantifyandlikegeniusisapolygenic①characterthatcanbemoulded②bytheenvironment.
Intelligenceisaqualitativetrait,whichdoeshaveageneticcomponent,butithasasingledimensionofexpression.(72)Thereareseverallimitationsinmeasuringintelligencebyalinear③scalerangingfromdulltobright,sinceindividualsdiffergreatlyintheirgenotypes④.Anynumberofgenecombinationmaypredisposeanindividualtomusicalgenius,ortopainting,ortodesigningcomputerprograms,etc.Thepossessionofanyoneoftheseabilitiesmayormaynotbeassociatedwithanother.Moreover,thesamegenotypemaybeexpressedinmarkedlydifferentwaysinmarkedlydifferentenvironments.
(73)Forexample,intelligencequotienttestscoresvaryconsiderablywithillnessanddisease,educational,socialandeconomiclevels—eventheskincoloroftheexaminerconductingtheIQtestmayhaveasignificanteffect!
Thereisalsodifficultyindecidingwhatintelligenceshouldbeappliedtolean?
Isitrelatedtotheenquiringmindortomotivation?
ConsequentlycomparisonsbetweenanIQtestgiventoaUniversitystudentandtoanAborigineinAustraliawillgivemeaninglessresults,sincethetestismostunlikelytomeasurethesamebehavior.(74)Notonlyarethegenotypesandtheenvironmentsofthesetwoindividualstotallydifferent,buttheirmotivationsforachievementinparticularactivitieswillbedifferent.
Indeed,assomearticles,whichtheproblemsmentionedaboveshow,peoplewhobelievetheycanestimategeneticandenvironmentalcontributionstodifferencesinintelligencebetweenracesarestatisticallynaïve.
(75)Ifsomeracesorsocialgroupsinthehumanpopulationcanbeinferiorinintelligence,itopensupthepossibilitythatsomesegregationistsorpoliticianscouldbringinlegislationorpoliciestosuppressoreveneliminatesuchracesorgroupsinthepopulation.
Historycertainlyshowsthatthissuggestionisquitelikelywhenruthlessareinpositionsofpower.
Canyouseewhythefalsescientificconclusionscouldbecomedangeroussociallyandpolitically?
Notes:
(1)Polygenic:
havingmanygenes
(2)Mould:
toshapeorform
(3)Linear:
oflines(4)Genotypes:
typesofgene
(71)相反,智力也许更容易量化,而且它像天赋一样,具有一种能够被环境塑造的多基因特征。
(72)因为各人在基因类型上有很大的差异,所以用一种从愚昧到聪明的直线性尺度来衡量智力是有一定的局限性的。
(73)比方说,智商测验的得分,会由于疾病状况、教育程度、社会和经济水平而有很大的差异,甚至实施智商测验的主考人的肤色也会对得分有重大的影响。
(74)这两个人不仅是基因类型和生活环境完全不同,而且他们完成某些活动的动机也极不相同。
(75)如果人类中某些种族或社会群体在智力上是劣等的,那么就会使某些种族隔离主义者或政客有可能去制定法律或政策来压迫,甚至消灭这些种族和群体。
参考答案2
2003年翻译
Lange,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.(71)ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandarefactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploy60percentoftheworkforceandexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2,000.Some1.2millionsmallformshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepast6yearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.
Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally.thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.(72)Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso.atleastforawhile,bebookkeepersandreceptionists,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytodisappearintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-ups,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.(73)MostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortableinEightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.
Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse,intheirzeal,toexpand.Smallbusinessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.(74)Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoreintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeansthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofar-gonetosave.
Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.(75)Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquerthenewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotideas.
(71)但是,绝大多数美国人没有认识到的是,国民经济的活力依赖于那些小型商店和饭馆,以及街道公益事业和街道工厂的财富/命运。
(72)中层管理人员,因为公司被并购或重组而被迫离开公司,并为了生计另找出路时,可能会欣赏自己做老板的念头,但是也可能忘记了企业家也必须至少在某段时间内也要做计帐员和接待员。
(73)大多数人把他们的成功归结为他们选择了他们在过去已经熟练的行业。
其中80%的人在过去的工作中就和同样的产品和服务打过交道。
(74)他们满怀希望地不断向企业投钱,不愿意承认其利润空间正在受到侵蚀,而这意味着他们富有创意的产品或服务市场已经消失,或者,他们必须削减工资或者搬出奢华的办公室。
(75)为了抓住机会,你必须发现信号:
该是占领新市场的时候了;该是增加产品类型的时候了;或者也许该是推销你的“金点子”的时候了。
参考答案4
2004年翻译
March27,1997,dawnedasanormaldayattheCollins'home.Bythemiddleofthemorning,JackCollinswasathisdesk,writingchecks,payingbillsthewayhealwayshad:
ontime. Thenthephonerang,andthenightmarebegan.
(71)Aninvestigatorforabankwasontheline,askinginaseverevoicewhyCollins,auniversityphysicist,waslateonpaymentsfora$27,000car,boughtinVirginiathepreviousyear. "Idon'thaveacarlikethis,"Collinsprotested.Thelasttimeh
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- mba 翻译 汇总