扬声器等效模型Word文件下载.doc
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扬声器等效模型Word文件下载.doc
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5.8ohms
DCresistanceofvoicecoil
Levc
0.55mH
voicecoilinductance
Bl
6.5T.m
forcefactor
Qts
0.35
totalQ
Qes
0.45
electricalQ
Qms
1.55
mechanicalQ
Fs
37Hz
resonantfrequency
Mmd
0.014kg
massofcone+voicecoil+etc
Rms
2.08
resistanceofsuspension
Cms
1.34mm/N
complianceofsuspension
Sd
0.0136sq.m
effectiveconearea
Vas
0.0347cu.m
equivalentacousticvolume
Xmax
0.004m
lineartravelofvoicecoil
FR
37-5000kHz
frequencyresponse
Vd
0.0005cu.m
driverunitvolumedisplacement
Thenthisdrivercanbemodelledwiththefollowingcircuit:
Someofthecircuitvaluesabovearealreadyobvious.Vegrepresentstheamplifierandisassumedtohavenooutputresistance.Theremainingvalueswerecalculatedfrom,
Cmes=Mmd/(Bl*Bl)=electricalanalogofdrivermechanicalconemass
Lces=Cms*Bl*Bl=electricalanalogofdrivermechanicalsuspensioncompliance
Res=Bl*Bl/Rms=electricalanalogofdrivermechanicalsuspensionresistance
Cmef=8*po*Ad*Ad*Ad/(3*Bl*Bl)=electricalanalogofairloadonthedriverunit'
scone
where:
po=airdensity=1.18kg/cu.m
Ad=effectiveradiusofthedriverunit'
scone=SquareRootof(Sd/3.14)
Someoftheseparameterscanbelookupfromthedriver'
sspecification.ThismissingonecouldbecalculatedusingtheUniboxexcelfile.Uniboxisafreetoolthatcanhelpyoutodesignspeakerenclosure.
SpeakerDriverUnitSimulation
Afteryoucreatedyourdrivermodels,youcouldstartbytestingifyourdrivermodel'
simpedanceresponseissimilartoyourdriver'
sactualimpedanceresponse.NowyouneedtofamiliaryourselfwithOrCadifyouhavenotuseditbefore.HereisagreatOrcadtutorialthatIsuggestyoutoreadifyouhavenotusedOrcadbefore.
YoucansavesometimebydownloadingmyOrcadprojectfileforasingledriverunit,justchangetheRLCvaluesandyoucanstarttryingOrCadsimulationrightaway.
Let'
sdothewooferasanexample.First,startupOrcadCaptureandcreateanewemptyproject.ThenintheschematicdrawthedrivermodelusingPlace->
Part...command.TheR,LandCareallundertheANALOGlibrary.(Youmayneedtoaddalllibrariesfirstifyouhavenotdoneit.)ThenaddtheACvoltagesource(calledVACundertheSOURCElib.)andalsoaddagroundreferencebyPlace->
Ground...->
0/Source.ConnectallcomponentsbyPlace->
Wire.Youshouldnowhaveacircuitsimilartotheonebelow:
Let'
sdosomesimulation:
AddanewsimulationprofilebyselectPSpice->
NewSimulationProfile,typeinaname.Asimulationsettingsdialogwillpopup.IntheAnalysistab,setAnalysistypetoACSweep/Noise.SelectLogarithmic,startfrequencyof10Hz,EndFrequencyof20kHz,Points/Decadeto50.ClickOK.
Nowplaceavoltageprobeandacurrentprobeatinputoftheoftheresistor,byselectingPSpice->
Markers->
VoltageLevel,andthenpointtheprobeatthelinebetweentheVACandtheresistor.SelectPSpice->
CurrentintoPin,andselecttheinputpinoftheresistor.
SelectPSpice->
Runtostartsimulation.Afterthesimulationisdone,theresultwillpopupinanotherPSpiceA/Dwindow.Nowyoucanseethevoltageandcurrentthatgointo
thedriveratdifferentfrequency.Togetaimpedanceplot,youhavetoaddatrace,byselectingTrace->
AddTrace,thentypeV(V2:
+)/I(R1)intheTraceExpressioninputline,thenOK.Nowyoushouldseethedriverunit'
simpedancevsfrequency,liketheonebelow.
Youcancomparetheresulttotheimpedanceplotfromthedriverunit'
sdatasheet,orbetteryet,compareittoyourmeasuredimpedance.Iftheylooksimilar,thenthisshouldbeagoodmodeltouse,ifnot,tuneyourcircuit'
sRLCvalueuntiltheyarecloseenough.
Crossover+DriversSimulation
Afteryouhavedoneyourwooferandtweetersimulation,youcanaddyourcrossovertotheschematic.Iseparatedthedriverunitsandthecrossoverinto2pages,youcandothisbyusingthePlace->
Off-Pageconnectortoconnectthe2pages.Myspeakerhas2woofersconnectedinparallel,asshownintheschematicbelow.
YoucanusethedbVoltageprobetocheckthefrequencyresponseofeachindividualdriveunit.Ifyouwanttochecktotalresponse,youneedtosumthe2outputsofthecrossover.
Insomecrossoverdesign,youwillhavetoreversethepolarityofthetweeter.YoucansimulatethisinOrcadbyeitherchangingthepolarityofthevoltagesourceofthetweetercircuit(SetthephasepropertyoftheVACto180degree),oryoucanaddaFTABLEparttochangethephaseofthesignalbeforeitgoesintotheSUMpart.
BelowisthefrequencyofthedBvoltageresponseofcrossover+tweeter+woofer
Youcanalsocheckthephaseresponsebyputtingaphaseofvoltageprobetotheoutput.
Nowyouhavesimulatedaperfectmodelofaspeakerdriver,butrealspeakerunitsdonotgivesmoothandflatresponse.Isimulatedthepeaks,dipsandnaturalrolloffofaspeakerbyusingtheFTABLEparttoaddresponsevariationatdifferentfrequencies.
YoucouldalsouseFTABLEtoadjustthesensitivityofthetweeter/wooferunitbyadding/subtractingafewdBacrosstheentirefrequencyrange:
AfterIaddedtheFTABLEtoboththetweeterandwooferIranthesimulationagain:
Whenyoucomparethesimulatedresulttomymeasuredresultinmyspeakerpage,youwillfindthemquitesimular.
Updated5thOct,2005-
Youcanactuallysimulatethephaseshiftduetothemis-alignmentofthetweeterandwooferacousticcenter.Inmycase,thetweeterisabout30cmclosertothelisteningpositionthanthewoofer.Sothephaseshift(tweeterleading)atvariousfrequencycanbedeteminedbythefollowingformula:
v=f*λ
Phaselead=TweeterWoofer
Acousticcenteroffset/λ*360
where:
v=speedofsound=345M/s
f=frequency
λ=wavelength
Inmycase,theacousticcenteroffset=0.03M
Phaselead@1000Hz=0.03/(345/1000)*360=31.3degree
Phaselead@2500Hz=0.03/(345/2500)*360=78.3degree
ByenteringthesephaseleadinthetweeterF-table,youcandoamoreaccuratesimulation.
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