公共英语五级阅读理解(一)文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:8369196
- 上传时间:2023-05-11
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:90
- 大小:42.15KB
公共英语五级阅读理解(一)文档格式.docx
《公共英语五级阅读理解(一)文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《公共英语五级阅读理解(一)文档格式.docx(90页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
atmosphere.Aspartoftheexperiment,researchersaremonitoringthespeedanddirectionofoceancurrents,watertemperatureand
salinity.Researchshipstakingpartwillgatherdetailedmeasurementsat24,000pointsor"
stations"
alongcarefullydesignatedtrans-ocean
mutes.Thisundertakingdwarfsthe8,000hydrographicstationscreatedinthepasthundredyearsofoceansurveying,Afleetofships,buoys,seabedsensorsandsatelliteswillcollectsomuchdatathatBritain,oneofthe40countriestakingpart,hasopenedaresearchinstitute,theJamesRennellCentreforOceanCirculationinSouthampton,toprocess
them.Oneofthejustificationsfortheexperiment,saysJohnWoods,directorofmarineandatmosphericsciencesattheNaturalEnvironmentResearchCouncil,isthattheoceansholdthekeytounderstandinglong-termchangesintheglobal
climate.TheEarthhastwo"
envelopes"
―theocean,consistingofslowlycirculatingwater,andtheatmosphere,madeoffast-moving
air.Farfrombeingindependent,theyinteract,onemodifyingtheotheruntilabalanceisreachedbetween
them.ThepresentbalancecameaboutattheendofthelastIceAge,about10,000years
ago.Scientistshopethatknowingmoreabouttheocean'
s"
weatherpatterns"
willhelpthemtopredictclimatechangesfurther
ahead.Knowinghowheatismovingaroundtheoceanisdecisivetosuchlong-term
forecasting.Thetopthreemetresoftheoceanstoremoreheat
thanallofthe
atmosphere.Someoftheheatcanbetransporteddownwardbetween30metresandseveralthousand
metres.Thedeeperitgoes,thelongeritstaysoutofthe
atmosphere.Waterheatedintheequatorialregionflowsinshallowcurrentsnorthorsouthtowardsthepoles,whereitreleasesitsheattotheairand,asitbecomescolderanddenser,sinkstotheseafloor,whereitformsdeep,coldcurrentsthatbacktothe
equator.JohnGould,oneoftheBritishscientiststakingpartintheoceancirculationexperiment,isdiscoveringjusthowthisoccursintheNorth
Atlantic.Shallowcurrents,lessthan500mdeep,ofwarmwateratabout8℃flowfromtheAtlanticintotheNorwegianSea,mainlyalongapaththatfollowsthepointwherethecontinentalshelfendsandthedeepmid-oceanvalleys
begin.Meanwhile,atdepthdownto5,000,deepcurrentsofcoldwaterataboutminus1℃flowsouthintotheAtlanticalongthedeepocean
valley.(Saltwateratthisdepthdoesnotfreezeat0℃)SensorspositionedontheseabedhavegivenDrGouldandhisresearchersanaccurateassessmentofjusthowmuchcoldwaterisflowingbackintotheNorthAtlanticandhavegivenupitsheattotheatmosphereovernorth-west
Europe.Intotal,heestimates,about5millioncubicmetresofwaterpersecondflowsinthesedeepcurrentsbetweenGreenlandandtheBritish
Isles.ThismeansthewarmwateroftheNorthAtlanticmustbegivingupabout200millionmegawattsofenergytotheatmosphereovernorth-west
Europe.Researchattheotherendoftheworld,intheseasaroundAntarctica,isalsofindingthatseafloortopographyplaysacrucialroleindeterminingthedirectionofocean
currents.Inthepast,oceanographershaveassumed,forinstance,thatsurfacecurrentssuchastheGulfStreamdonotextendmuchbeyondakilometrein
depth.ButananalysisofcurrentsinAntarcticwatershasshownthatcurrentsarenotconcentratedinthetopkilometre,butreachdowntothesubmergedmountain
ranges.DrWoodsbelievessuchresearchwillhelptosave
lives."
Moredeathscanbepreventedbyoceanforecasting,thanbyweatherforecastingandoureconomicandsocialwell-beingaremorevulnerabletochangeintheoceanthaninthe
atmosphere."
SomescientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingcouldAmodifyocean
currents.Bchangewinddirectionsinthepolar
regions.Creducetheinfluenceof
currents.Dincreasewind
speed.
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]文中第一段提到"
Thisisonewhereglobalwarminghascausedsuchsignificantclimaticchangesthatoceancurrentschangedirection.”。
故应选A。
第2题HeatistransferredfromthetropicstothepolesAinthesurface
currents.Bintheatmosphere,Cinthedeep
currents.Dalongthe
seabed.
[解析]文中第六段提到“Someoftheheat...northorsouthtowardsthepoles,...”。
故应选A。
第3题ThefirstresultshavealreadyconfirmedAthatheatisstockedatgreat
depth.BthatthelastIceAgeendedabout10,000years
ago.Cthecomplexityofocean
currents.DthatGulfStreamcurrentsaresituatedinthesurfacelayerof
water.
C
[解析]文中第三段提到"
Thefirstresultsfrom...demonstratejusthowcomplexthemovementofsea-watercanbe.”。
故应选C。
第4题TheatmosphereandtheoceanAinfluencetheclimate
iespectively.Binteractandcreateaglobalclimatic
balance.Chavenoeffectonthe
climate.DhaveonlymodifiedtheclimatesincethelastIce
Age.
B
[解析]文中第五段提到“TheEarthhas...theocean,...andtheatmosphere,...theyinteract,onemodifingtheotheruntilabalanceisreachedbetweenthem.”。
故应选B。
第5题Whyisthisresearchconsideredtobeofgreatimportance?
AItwillenablescientistsofthefuturetopreventextremeclimatic
changes.BItwillhelpscientistspredictclimate
changes.CItunitesalargenumberofdifferent
countries.DItwillhelpdissipatetheclimatologists'
"
.
[解析]文中提到这项研究之所以重要,是因为它能帮助科学家们预测气候变化。
故应选B。
第6题
InJanuary1995,theworldwitnessedtheemergenceofanewinternational
economicorderwiththelaunchingoftheWorldTrade
Organization.TheWTO,whichsucceedstheGATT,isexpectedtostrengthentheworldtradingsystemandtobemoreeffectivethantheGATTingoverninginternationaltradeingoodsandservicesinmany
aspects.First,tradeliberalizationallovertheworldisexpectedtoincreaseviathedramaticreductionsintradebarrierstowhichthemembersoftheWTOare
committed.UndertheWTO,membersarerequiredtoreducetheirtariffandnon-tariffsonmanufacturing
goods.Inaddition,protectingdomesticagriculturalsectorsfromforeigncompetitionwillbecomeawfullydifficultinthenewWTO
system.Second,rulesandregulationsgoverninginternationaltradewillbemorestrongly
enforced.UndertheoldsystemoftheGATT,thereweremanycaseswheretrademeasures,suchasanti-dumpingandcountervailingduties,wereintentionallyusedsolelyforprotectionist
reasons.TheWTO'
sstrengthenedrulesandregulationswillsignificantlyreducetheabusingofsuchtrademeasuresbyitsmember
countries.TheWTOisalsoequippedwithanimproveddisputesettlement
mechanism.Accordingly,weexpecttoseeamoreeffectiveresolutionoftradedisputesamongthemembercountriesinthisnewtrade
environment.Third,newmultilateralruleshavebeenestablishedtocoverareaswhichtheGATTdidnotaddress,suchasinternationaltradeinservicesandtheprotectionofintellectualproperty
rights.Therestillremainanumberofproblemsthatneedtoberesolvedbeforeinternationaltradeinservicescanbecompletelyliberalized,andnewly-developedideasortechnologiesarefairly
compensated.However,justtheestablishmentofmultilateralrulesinthesenewareasisadistinguishedcontributiontotheprogresstowardaglobalfreetrade
system.AlongwiththelaunchingoftheWTO,thisnewerainworldtradeischaracterizedbyachangeinthestructureoftheworld
economy.Today,aworld-widemarketforgoodsandservicesisrapidlyreplacingaworldeconomycomposedofrelativelyisolatednational
markets.Domesticfinancialmarketshavebeenintegratedintoatrulyglobalsystem,andthemultinationalcorporationisbecomingaprinciplemechanismforallocatinginvestmentcapitalanddeterminingthelocationofproductionsitesthroughoutmuchofthe
world.Accordingtothispassage,undertheWTO,Ameasuresofanti-dumpingandcountervailingweresolelyusedforprotectionist
reason.Bitisstilleasytoprotectdomesticagriculturalsectorsfromforeign
competition.Cpeoplecanenjoybetter
life.
Dmembersshouldreducetheirtariffandnon-tariffson
products.
D
[解析]由短文第二段中的“UndertheWTO,membersarerequiredtoreducetheirtariffandnon-tariffsonmanufacturinggoods.”可知答案为D。
故应选D。
第7题WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheWTO?
AWTOhasmadegoodpreparationforlibe
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 公共英语 阅读 理解