雅思剑桥真题长难句解析Word格式文档下载.docx
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雅思剑桥真题长难句解析Word格式文档下载.docx
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本句的主句为“hewouldalsodiscoveranumberofotherremarkablefactsabout…andrevolutionizethestudyofanimalbehaviorgenerally”;
“howbeescommunicate”为how引导的宾语从句,做介词about的宾语。
3.Therehad,ofcourse,beendictionariesinthepast,thefirstofthesebeingalittlebookofsome120pages,compiledbyacertainRobertCawdray,publishedin1604underthetitleATableAlphabeticall‘ofhardusualEnglishwords'
.(剑5,Test1passage1)
本句主句“Therehadbeendictionaries”;
“thefirstofthesebeingalittlebookofsome120pages,compiledbyacertainRobertCawdray,publishedin1604underthetitleATableAlphabeticall‘ofhardusualEnglishwords'
”为独立主格结构,其中“compiledbyacertainRobertCawdray”和“publishedin1604underthetitleATableAlphabeticall‘ofhardusualEnglishwords'
”均为过去分词短语作定语,做alittlebook的定语。
4.ItishighlyappropriatethatDrSamuelJohnson,theverymodelofaneighteenth-centuryliteraryman,asfamousinhisowntimeasinours,shouldhavepublishedhisDictionaryattheverybeginningofthe
“runningdownthemiddle”为现在分词短语做定语,做alongdesk的定语;
“atwhichthecopyingclerkswouldworkstandingup”为定语从句,做longdesk的定语,关系词为which。
8.Hewasalsohelpedbysixassistants,twoofwhomdiedwhilstthedictionarywasstillinpreparation.(剑5,Test1passage1)
本句主句为“Hewasalsohelpedbysixassistants”;
“twoofwhomdiedwhilstthedictionarywasstillinpreparation”为定语从句,做sixassistants的定语,关系词为whom;
在定语从句中,“whilstthedictionarywasstillinpreparation”为whilst引导的时间状语从句。
9.ThefactthatJohnsonhadtakenontheAcademiesofEuropeandmatchedthem(everyoneknewthatfortyFrenchacademicshadtakenfortyyearstoproducethefirstFrenchnationaldictionary)wascauseformuchEnglishcelebration.(剑5,Test1passage1)
本句的主句为“ThefactwascauseformuchEnglishcelebration”;
“thatJohnsonhadtakenontheAcademiesofEuropeandmatchedthem”为that引导的同位语从句,做Thefact的同位语;
括号中部分起到解释说明的作用。
10.Afewyearsago,inoneofthemostfascinatinganddisturbingexperimentsinbehaviouralpsychology,StanleyMilgramofYaleUniversitytested40subjectsfromallwalksoflifefortheirwillingnesstoobeyinstructionsgivenbya‘leader'
inasituationinwhichthesubjectsnightfeelapersonaldistastefortheactionstheywerecalledupontoperform.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句主句为“StanleyMilgramofYaleUniversitytested40subjectsfromallwalksoflifefortheirwillingnesstoobeyinstructionsgivenbya‘leader'
inasituation”;
“Afewyearsago,inoneofthemostfascinatinganddisturbingexperimentsinbehaviouralpsychology”为状语;
“inwhichthesubjectsnightfeelapersonaldistastefortheactionstheywerecalledupontoperform”为定语从句,做asituation的定语,关系词为which,其中“theywerecalledupontoperform”也为定语从句,做theactions的定语,关系词在该定语从句中做宾语,因此被省掉。
11.Milgramtoldeachvolunteer‘teacher-subject'
thattheexperimentwasinthenoblecauseofeducation,andwasdesignedtotestwhetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupil'
sabilitytolearn.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句的主句为“Milgramtoldeachvolunteer‘teacher-subject'
that…”;
“thattheexperimentwasinthenoblecauseofeducation,andwasdesignedtotestwhetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupil'
sabilitytolearn.”为宾语从句,做动词told的宾语;
“whetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupil'
sabilitytolearn”为whether引导的宾语从句,做test的宾语。
1.Theteacher-subjectwastoldthatwheneverthepupilgavethewronganswertoaquestion,ashockwastobeadministered,beginningatthelowestlevelandincreasinginseveritywitheachsuccessivewronganswer.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句的主句为“Theteacher-subjectwastoldthat…”;
“thatwheneverthepupilgavethewronganswertoaquestion,ashockwastobeadministered,beginningatthelowestlevelandincreasinginseveritywitheachsuccessivewronganswer”为that引导的宾语从句,做tell的宾语;
在该宾语从句中“ashockwastobeadministered”为主句,而“wheneverthepupilgavethewronganswertoaquestion”为whenever引导的时间装语从句,在该宾语从句中做时间状语,“beginningatthelowestlevelandincreasinginseveritywitheachsuccessivewronganswer”为现在分词短语做状语,在该宾语从句中做伴随状语。
2.Milgramtoldtheteacher-subjecttoignorethereactionsofthepupil,andtoadministerwhateverlevelofshockwascalledfor,aspertherulegoverningtheexperimentalsituationofthemoment.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句的主句为“Milgramtoldtheteacher-subjecttoignorethereactionsofthepupil,andtoadministerwhateverlevelofshockwascalledfor”;
其中“whateverlevelofshockwascalledfor”为whatever引导的宾语从句,做administer的宾语;
asper为介词短语,意为依据,根据;
“governingtheexperimentalsituationofthemoment”为现在分词短语作定语,做therule的定语。
3.Astheexperimentunfolded,thepupilwoulddefinitelygivethewronganswerstoquestionsposedbytheteacher,therebybringingonvariouselectricalpunishments,evenuptothedangerlevelof300voltsandbeyond.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句主句“thepupilwoulddefinitelygivethewronganswerstoquestions”;
“Astheexperimentunfolded”为As引导的时间状语从句,做该主句的时间状语;
“posedbytheteacher”为过去分词短语作定语,做questions的定语;
“bringingonvariouselectricalpunishments,evenuptothedangerlevelof300voltsandbeyond”为现在分词短语作状语,做主句的伴随状语。
4.Inthesesituations,Milgramcalmlyexplainedthattheteacher-subjectwastoignorethepupil'
scriesformercyandcarryontheexperiment.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句的主句为“Milgramcalmlyexplainedthat…”;
“thattheteacher-subjectwastoignorethepupil'
scriesformercyandcarryontheexperiment”为that引导的宾语从句,做explain的宾语;
在该宾语从句中“toignorethepupil'
scriesformercyandcarryontheexperiment”为不定式做表语。
5.Ifthesubjectwasstillreluctanttoproceed,Milgramsaidthatitwasimportantforthesakeoftheexperimentthattheprocedurebefollowedthroughtotheend.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句的主句为“Milgramsaidthat…”;
“Ifthesubjectwasstillreluctanttoproceed”为If引导的条件状语从句;
“thatitwasimportantforthesakeoftheexperimentthattheprocedurebefollowedthroughtotheend.”为that引导的宾语从句,做said的宾语;
在该宾语从句“thatitwasimportantforthesakeoftheexperimentthattheprocedurebefollowedthroughtotheend.”中,it为形式主语,“thattheprocedurebefollowedthroughtotheend”为that引导的主语从句,是该宾语从句真正的主语。
6.WhatMilgramwastryingtodiscoverwasthenumberofteacher-subjectswhowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestlevelsofshock,eveninthefaceofstrongpersonalandmoralrevulsionagainsttherulesandconditionsoftheexperiment.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句的主句为“WhatMilgramwastryingtodiscoverwasthenumberofteacher-subjects”;
“WhatMilgramwastryingtodiscover”为What引导的主语从句;
“whowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestlevelsofshock,eveninthefaceofstrongpersonalandmoralrevulsionagainsttherulesandconditionsoftheexperiment.”为定语从句,做teacher-subjects的定语,关系词为who。
7.Priortocarryingouttheexperiment,Milgramexplainedhisideatoagroupof39psychiatristsandaskedthemtopredicttheaveragepercentageofpeopleinanordinarypopulationwhowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestshocklevelof450volts.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句的主句为“Milgramexplainedhisideatoagroupof39psychiatristsandaskedthemtopredicttheaveragepercentageofpeopleinanordinarypopulation.”;
“Priortocarryingouttheexperiment”为时间状语,priorto相当于before;
“whowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestshocklevelof450volts.”为定语从句,做anordinarypopulation的定语,关系词为who。
8.Theoverwhelmingconsensuswasthatvirtuallyalltheteacher-subjectswouldrefusetoobeytheexperimenter.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句主句为“Theoverwhelmingconsensuswasthat…”;
“thatvirtuallyalltheteacher-subjectswouldrefusetoobeytheexperimenter”为表语从句,做was的表语。
9.Thepsychiatristsfeltthat‘mostsubjectswouldgobeyond150volts'
andtheyfurtheranticipatedthatonlyfourpercentwouldgoupto300volts.(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句为并列句,“Thepsychiatristsfeltthat‘mostsubjectswouldgobeyond150volts'
”和“theyfurtheranticipatedthatonlyfourpercentwouldgoupto300volts”并列,由and连接;
其中“that‘mostsubjectswouldgobeyond150volts'
”为that引导的宾语从句,做felt的宾语,而“thatonlyfourpercentwouldgoupto300volts”也为that引导的宾语从句,做anticipated的宾语。
10.Howcanwepossiblyaccountforthisvastdiscrepancybetweenwhatcalm,rational,knowledgeablepeoplepredictinthecomfortoftheirstudyandwhatpressured,flustered,butcooperative‘teachers'
actuallydointhelaboratoryofreallife?
(剑5,Test1passage2)
本句主句为“Howcanwepossiblyaccountforthisvastdiscrepancybetween…and…”;
“whatcalm,rational,knowledgeablepeoplepredictinthecomfortoftheirstudy”和“whatpressured,flustered,butcooperative‘teachers'
actuallydointhelaboratoryofreallife”均为what引导的宾语从句。
11.One'
sfirstinclinationmightbetoarguethattheremustbesomesortofbuilt-inanimalaggressioninstinctthatwasactivatedbytheexperiment,andthatMilgram'
steacher-subjectswerejustfollowingageneticneedtodischargethispent-upprimalurgeontothepupilbyadministeringtheelectricalshock.(剑5,Test1passa
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