高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲解和练习课堂讲解1Word格式文档下载.doc
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高一英语必修一Unit4Earthquakes知识点讲解和练习课堂讲解1Word格式文档下载.doc
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(1)HowmanyEnglishwordshaveyoulearned____________lastterm?
(2)Hebecameanoutstandingdoctor___________.
(3)MyunclewillflytoChina_________thisyear.
4.、Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.
(1)n.残垣断壁;
废墟(名词时常用复数)
Thecitylayinruinsafteryearsofbombing.
(2)v.毁灭;
使破产
Thehurricaneruinedallthehouseshere.
beinruins呈一片废墟fallintoruin变成废墟cometoruin毁灭,落空
ruinoneself自我毁灭bringsb.toruin使毁灭
【辨析】ruin,destroy,damage,break与spoil
易混词
辨析
例句
ruin
一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,但往往是非暴力的,也往往不是一次性打击的结果,常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。
Thebadweatherruinedourtrip.
destroy
表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁,使之无法恢复,也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。
Whathesaiddestroyedourlasthope.
damage
一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤,使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。
这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果,也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。
Theearthquakecausedgreatdamage.
break
一般指“破坏,打破,打碎”的意思。
它表示的范围极广,程度也不一。
可用于有形的东西,如石头、玻璃、瓷器等,也可用于无形、抽象的东西,如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。
Shedidn'
tbreaktherules.
spoil
破坏,糟蹋,其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性,使事物不再具有原先的特点,宾语常是景致、食欲、计划等。
Theapplesspoiled.
5、Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.
【辨析】injury,hurt,harm与wound
injury
多指意外事故受伤。
比hurt正式,hurt多指伤痛,而injure则指损害健康、成就、容貌等,强调功能的损失。
Abulletinjuredhislefgteye.
hurt
既可指肉体上的伤害,也可指精神上、感情上的伤害;
作不及物动词,意为“(身体某部位)疼痛”。
指肉体上的伤害时,hurt可与badly,slightly,seriously等连用,但若指精神上的创伤,只能说verymuch/rather/deeplyhurt。
Hehurtherfeelings.
harm
用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可,有时可指引起不安或不便。
还可用于抽象事物,尤其指不道德的事情。
Smokingharmedhishealth.
wound
指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,尤指在战场上受伤。
Hehadabulletwoundinhischest.
6、Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.
(1)n.援救,营救
Thepolicecametohisrescueandpulledhimoutoftheriver.
(2)v.救援;
拯救
Herescuedaboyfromdrowning.
rescuesb./sth.fromsb./sp.把·
·
从·
营救出来
cometo/gotosb’srescue=rescuesb.援救某人arescueteam救援队
arescuemission救援任务rescueworkers救援人员
【随堂练习】用rescue的适当形式填空
(1)Themother,alongwithhertwochildren,_________fromthesinkingboatbyapassingship.
(2)Thefiremen________fivechildrenfromtheburninghouseyesterday.
7、…thathotwatergiveout.
(1)分发;
发出
Studentsweregivingoutleafletstoeveryoneinthestreet.
Theredradiatorgivesoutalotofheat.
(2)用尽
Mymoneywillgiveoutsoon.
【归纳总结】
giveout分发;
发出;
用尽givesth.away赠送;
颁发;
泄露
giveback归还;
恢复givein呈上;
投降,屈服,认输
giveoff发出,放出giveover停止,中止
giveup放弃giveonto/ontosth.朝向,面向;
通向
8、Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejueges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.
(1)n.裁判员;
法官;
审判员
Hisfatherusedtobeajudge.他的父亲过去是一名法官。
(2)v.判断;
断定
Don’tjudgeamanbyhislooks.不要以貌取人。
judgesb./sth.by/from通过…判断…asfarasIjudge我认为…
judgingfrom…从…来看,根据…判断
【随堂练习】用与judge相关的词汇填空
(1)______hisappearance,hemustbearichman.
(2)_______,hemustbefromthesouth.
二、语法讲解——定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词成为先行词。
定语从句一般位于先行词之后。
引导定语从句的有关系代词或关系副词,关系代词有:
that,which,who(whom),whose和as;
关系副词有:
when,where,why。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语;
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
一、关系代词的用法
1、关系代词which用来指物,在从句中可作主语或宾语。
Thisisabookwhichtellsaboutspacerockettechnology.(作主语)
TheletterwhichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommybrother.(作宾语)
ThehotelwhichIstayedinlastmonthisoverthere.(作介词的宾语)
2、关系代词that既可指物,也可指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
Theyliveinahousethatwasbuilt200yearsago.(作主语)
Sheisthegirlthatyousawinschool.作宾语)
HereisthecarthatItoldyouabout.(作介词的宾语)
注:
that在句中作宾语时可省略,需要注意的是that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放到that之前,若要将介词提前,必须将that改成which或whom。
HereisthecaraboutwhichItoldyou.
Ishethemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnow?
3、关系代词who,whom指代人,在句中作主语或宾语。
Herecomesthegirlwhowantstoseeyou.
IwantedtofindsomeonewithwhomIcoulddiscussmusic.
4、whose表示“某人的”或“某物的”,是所有格作定语,后面必须带名词,且不能省略。
I'
dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutontothesea.
whose表示所属关系,可以用ofwhich替代。
Iliveinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
=Iliveinthehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.
二、只能用that不能用which引导定语从句的情况:
1、序数词(包括thelast)或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。
AliceisthemostdiligentstudentthatIhaveeverknown.
ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasATaleofTwoCitiesbyCharlesDickens.
Thisisthelastbusthatwecantake.
2、先行词被no,oneof,every,theonly,thevery,theright,last,just所修饰时。
That'
stheverypointthatweshouldpayattentionto.
Sheistheonlypersonthattheoldwomancandependon.
3、先行词是不定代词(any,all,little,everything,nothing,something,anything,nobody,everybody等)。
Therewaslittlethatheneeded.
MrBrownhastoldussomethingthatweshoulddointhesummervacation.
4、先行词中既有人又有物时。
Thenwetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwerememberedatschool.
5、疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复
Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?
Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?
6、关系代词在定语从句中作tobe的表语时。
Tomisn’ttheboythatheusedtobe.
三、只能用which不能用that引导定语从句的情况:
1、引导非限制性定语从句。
Crusoe'
sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameillanddied.
2、关系代词的前面有介词。
Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.
3、先行词本身是that,宜用which。
What'
sthatwhichsheislookingat?
四、只能用who不能用that引导定语从句的情况:
1、先行词是指人的不定代词时,如anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people等。
Anyonewhofailedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.
Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce.
2、在Therebe结构中,先行词指人时。
Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.
五、as引导定语从句
1、as用作关系代词时,既可以指人,也可以指物。
在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
它常在
thesame…as…,such…as…,as…as…等句型中,as不能省略。
I’llbuythesamedictionaryasyoudo.
2、as引导非限制性定语从句时,代表整个主句的内容。
从句可放在主语前、主语后或主语中间。
Asweallknow,Chinahasbecomeaworldfamousnation.
课堂训练
一、根据句意以及首字母提示完成单词
1、Olderstudentswerehavingdifficultyinstudyingando_________themselves.
2、Thatplaceisdirtyands_________.
3、Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandb________.
4、Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthed_________wouldlast.
5、F_________waterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.
6、Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasd__________.
7、Therailwaytrackswerenowu_______piecesofsteel.
8、Without_________(电),modernlifewouldbeverydifficult.
9、_________(判断)fromhisappearance,themangermustbeoverfifty.
10、Deadand________(受伤的)peoplelayeverywhereaftertheterribleaccident.
二、用适当的关系代词填空
1、Thebuilding________walliswhiteismyuncle’shouse.
2、Iknowtheboy________youarelookingfor.
3、Willyoupleaselendmetheverybook________youboughtyesterday?
4、Thestudent________theteacherpraisedattheclassmeetingisourmonitor.
5、Thereason________comesafterspringissummer.
6、Thisisthemuseum________wevisitedlastSaturday.
7、Theboywith________Johnistalkingismybrother.
8、Thegirl_________legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastalkentothehospitalimmediately.
9、_________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.
10、Don’treadsuchbooks_________youcan’tunderstand.
三、单项选择
1、Wedon’tneedtodoextraworkthisevening.Theday’sworkwasalmost______now.
A.attheendB.atanendC.atoneendD.atourend
2、I’vereadallthebooks________yougaveme.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that
3、Inthatbigfirealltheirhouseswere__________,sotheyhadtobuildnewones.
A.hurtB.harmedC.injuredD.destroyed
4、Theboy________ontheground________tomethathishen_______threeeggsaday.
A.lies;
lied;
laid B.lying;
laid
C.lay;
lain D.lay;
lying;
haslaid
5、Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,________cameasasurprise.
A.it B.this C.which D.that
6、AftertheTsunamipassedaway,allthevillagesandtownswere________.Andnobeingwasseen.
A.inruin B.inruins C.atruins D.forruins
7、Thebusdriverwasbadly________onbothlegsinthetrafficaccident.
A.wounded B.broken C.injured D.destroyed
8、Ihaven’tseenbothofherfilms,but________fromtheoneIhaveseenIthinkshe’sapromising
actress.
A.judging B.judge C.judged D.judgment
9、—Weneedaquickreply.
—Isee.I’llsendthepapertoyou_______.
A.nowandthen B.soonerorlaterC.justnow D.rightaway
10、Thewholeworldwas________whentheylearnedthatthequakehadbroughtsomuchdamage.
A.concernedB.interestedC.shockedD.frustrated
四、完成句子
1、ProfessorYu__________________before______hisspeech.
于教授在演讲之前先理顺了一下自己的思路。
2、Allthestudents_____________________theInternet.
并非所有学生都喜欢上网。
3、Thepolice_______aman_______drowning.
警方援救一男子,使之免遭溺水。
4、She_______very_______________herchildren’ssuccess.
她对她的孩子们的成功感到非常自豪。
5、___________________theteacherwassatisfiedwithwhatyouhavedone.
老师好像对你做的事很满意。
6、_________________families_______________andmanychildrenwereleft___
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