托福考试真题阅读TPO26reading阅读Word下载.docx
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托福考试真题阅读TPO26reading阅读Word下载.docx
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A.TorejecttheclaimthatBritainwasfacinganenergyshortageintheeighteenthcentury
B.Toexplainwhycoalratherthanotherenergyresourcesbecametheprimarysourceofheatforhomesandindustriesineighteenth-centuryBritain
C.ToindicatethatBritain’senergyshortagewasnottheresultofalackoffuel
D.Toexplainwhycoalminingbecameanimportantindustryinnineteenth-century
Q2:
Whatwas“theproblemofenergy"
thathadtobesolvedtomaketheIndustrialRevolutionoftheeighteenthcenturypossible?
A.Waterandwindcouldnotbeusedefficiently.
B.Therewasnoefficientwaytopowermachinery.
C.Steamenginesrequiredlargeamountsofcoal,whichwasinshortsupply.
D.Neitherhumansnoranimalswerestrongenoughtoprovidethepowerrequiredforindustrialapplication.
Q3:
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph2asadevelopmentincottonmillsbroughtaboutbyWatt’ssteamengine?
A.TheimportingofhugequantitiesofrawcottonbyBritain
B.Increasedmechanization
C.Morepossibilitiesformilllocation
D.Smallermills
Q4:
Thephrase“apparentin”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.clearlyseenin
B.aidedby
C.associatedwith
D.followedby
Q5:
Accordingtoparagraph2,whatwasBritain’smostimportantexportby1850?
A.Rawcotton
B.Cottoncloth
C.Steam-poweredpumps
D.Coal
Q6:
Theword“consequent”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.resulting
B.encouraging
C.welldocumented
D.immediate
Q7:
Whatistheroleofparagraph2inthepassageasawhole?
A.Itexplainshowbyincreasingthesupplyofrawmaterialsfromothercountries,Britishindustrieswereabletoreducecostsandincreaseproduction.
B.ItexplainshowtheproductionofmechanicalenergyanditsbenefitsspreadquicklyacrosscountriesthatwerelinkedcommerciallywithGreatBritain.
C.ItdemonstrateswhydevelopmentsinasingleindustrycouldnothavecausedtheIndustrialRevolution.
D.ItillustrateswhyhistorianshaveassignedgreatimportancetotheissueofenergyintheriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.
Q8:
Accordingtoparagraph3,whywastheuseofcokeimportantfortheironindustry?
A.Ithelpedmakewoodintocharcoal.
B.Itreducedthedependencyonsteam-poweredmachinesusedfortheproductionofiron.
C.Itreplacedcharcoalintheproductionofrawandrefinediron.
D.Itpoweredthemachinesusedtoextractcoalin
coalmines.
Q9:
Accordingtoparagraph3,allofthefollowingweretrueoftheironindustryinGreatBritainduringthe1800sEXCEPT:
A.Steam-drivenbellowswereusedtoproducerawiron.
B.Bythe1850sBritainwastheworld’slargestproducerofiron.
C.Steam-poweredmillsmadeitpossibletoproduceironofdifferentshapesandsizes.
D.Greaterdemandforhigher-qualityironincreaseditsprice.
Q10:
Theword“initiated”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.anticipated
B.accelerated
C.spread
D.started
Q11:
Paragraph4implieswhichofthefollowingaboutthetransformationinrailtransportation?
A.Becauserailwayconstructionemployedmostlyrurallaborers,unemploymentincreasedamongurbanworkers.
B.Itresultedinmoretradewithinthecountry,butlesstradewithmarketsthatcouldbereachedonlybyoceanshipping.
C.Itmadeshippingfreightoverlandtodistantmarketslessexpensive.
D.Itresultedinhigherwagesforfactoryworkers.
Q12:
Thephrase“accustomedto"
inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto
A.inneedof
B.usedto
C.tiredof
D.encouragedby
Q13:
Lookatthefoursquares[■]thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.
Thefirststeam-poweredlocomotiveswereslowbuttheyrapidlyimprovedinspeedandcarryingcapacity.
Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?
Clickonasquaretoaddthesentencetothepassage.
Q14:
Directions:
Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassageorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.
ThecomingoftheIndustrialRevolutionineighteenth-centuryBritaindependedonthedevelopmentofthesteamenginetopowermachinery.
A.Foryears,historiansdisregardedtheissueofenergyasamajorelementintheriseoftheIndustrialRevolutionandfocusedinsteadontechnologicaldevelopmentsandincreasedproduction.
B.Theintroductionandgrowthofsteam-poweredrailtransportwasamajorfactorinBritain'
seconomicexpansionduringtheIndustrialRevolution.
C.AnexpansionoftheIndustrialRevolutionoutsideGreatBritainoccurredwhenBritishindustriesbegantoimportrawcottonandhigh-qualityiron.
D.By1850,theuseofsteampowerinBritain'
smills,mines,andironindustrymadeBritainaworldleaderintheproductionofcottonclothandiron.
E.Sincethebasicinfrastructurewasinplace,theIndustrialRevolutionfueleditselfwithenlarging
marketsrequiringevermoreexpansionoffactoriesandworkforce.
F.Bytheendofthe1800s,railwayconstructionattractedsomanylaborersthatfactoriescouldnotfindenoughworkerstokeepupwithincreasingsales.
SurvivalofPlantsandAnimalsinDesertConditions
Theharshconditionsindesertsareint
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