燕山大学考研基础英语Word文件下载.docx
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燕山大学考研基础英语Word文件下载.docx
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a.usedtob.gotusedtoc.hadbeengottenusedtod.willbegettingusedto
2.AsIhavenothingtodonow,I_________aswellgowithyou.
a.shouldb.wouldc.couldd.might
3.Somescientistssayitisessentialthatmankind______theamountofairpollutioninbigcites.
a.reduceb.reducedc.bereducedc.willreduce
4.Computersthatoncetookupentireroomarenow_____toputondesktopsandintowristwatches.
a.smallenoughb.smallerthanc.sosmalld.assmallas
5.Withage,themineralcontentofhumanbonesdecreases,_______themmorefragile.
A,makeb.andtomakec.therebymakingd.whichitmakes
6._________manycopperminesinthesouth,afactwhichcontributessignificantlytothestate’seconomy.
a.theyareb.therearec.ofthed.the
7.Thecolorsandpatternsofthewingsofbutterfliesandmothshelp_________theorganismagainstpredators.
a.protectb.beingprotectedc.protectingd.protectionof
8.Jupiter,theclosestofthegiantplanetstoEarth,has________solidsurfaceandissurroundedbyzonesofintenseradiation.
a.notb.norc.nod.neither
9.Earthquakescandamageatree_________violently,anditcantakeseveralyearsforthetreetoheal.
a.tocauseshakingb.whenshakingitcausesc.bycausingittoshaked.tocausetoshakeit
10.Volcanoesaredividedintothreemaingroups,basedontheirshapeandthetypeofmaterialthey__________.
a.aremadeb.madeofc.aremadeofd.makeof
SectionB
eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked(a),(b),(c)and(d).IdentifythepartofthesentencesthatisincorrectMarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)
11.Thoughboth(a)catsanddogsexistedbeforeman,without(b)manneitheronegroupand(c)theotherwouldhavedeveloped(d)somanyvarieties.
12.Althoughthey(a)reflectastrongsocialconscience,ArthurMiller’sstageworksaretypical(b)moreconcerned(c)withindividualsthanwith(d)system.
13.Antiquecollectingbecame(a)asignificantpastimeinthe1800’s(b)whenoldobject(c)begantobeappreciated(d)fortheirbeautyaswellasfortheirhistoricalimportance.
14.Theimportanceofenvironmentalstimuli(a)inthedevelopmentofcoordinationbetween(b)sensoryinputandmotorresponsevariesaccordingto(d)speciestospecies.
15.Amortgageenablesaperson(a)tobuy(b)propertywithoutpayingforitoutright(c);
thusmorepeopleareabletoenjoytoown(d)ahouse.
16.Anumberof(a)theAmericanIndianlanguagesspoken(b)atthetimeoftheEuropeanarrivalintheNewWorldinthelatefifteen(c)centuryhavebecomeextinct(d).
17.Numerous(a)typesofcells,suchasskincellsandwhitebloodcells(b),have(c)thepowerreproduce(d)asexually.
18.Oneofthemanymachinesinvented(a)inthelatenineteenthcentury,none(b)hadagreat(c)impactontheUnitedStateseconomythantheautomobile(d).
19.Membersofanation’sforeignservicerepresent(a)thatcountry’sinterests(b)abroadandreporton(c)theconditions,trends,andpoliciesofthecountrywhich(d)theyarestations.
20.Duringthe1940’sscienceandengineeringhadanimpactontheway(a)musicreach(b)its(c)audienceandeveninfluencedthewayinwhich(d)itwascomposed.
Academicreadingpracticetest(60points)
Readingpassage1
Questions1-12
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-12whicharebasedonReadingPassage1.
Questions1-4
Thereadingpassagebelowhasfivesections.
Choosethemostsuitableheadingforeachsectionfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writetheappropriatenumbers(i-viii)inboxes29-32onyouranswersheet.
Listofheadings
(i)Theworkersandtheirfamilies
(ii)ThemanagersoftheSnowyMountainsScheme
(iii)Theworkers’problems
(iv)Theuniquenatureofthescheme
(v)WhytheSnowyMountainsSchemebegan
(vi)ThepeoplewhocametotheSnowyMountainsScheme
(vii)Learninganewlanguage
(viii)Thedangersofthejob
ExampleSECTION1
Answerv
1.SECTION2
2.SECTION3
3.SECTION4
4.SECTION5
THEDAMSTHATCHANGEDAUSTRALIA
Section1
InlandAustraliahashadaproblemwithdroughtfromthetimeofwhitesettlementin1788untiltoday,andthisiswhytheSnowyMountainsSchemewasconceivedandfounded.BeforetheSnowySchemealargeproportionofthesnowfieldsontheroofofAustraliameltedintotheSnowyRivereveryyear,andthewaterflowedintothesea,notintothedryinteriorwherepeopleneededitsodesperately.ThiswasfirstrecognizedbythePolishgeologistandexplorerStrezleckiin1840,whocommentedthattherecouldbenodevelopmentoftheinlandwithoutirrigation.Theriverwouldhavetobedivertedifirrigationweretosucceed.
BeforeFederationin1901,Australiaconsistedofagroupofcolonies,allanxioustoprotecttheirowninterests.Afterfederationthestatesretainedrightstothewater,andthustowhatmighthappentotherivers.ArgumentsbetweenMewSouthWales,VictoriaandSouthAustralialedtoadeadlockedPremiers’ConferenceinMountainsHydro-electricPowerActjusttwoyearslater,onJuly7.theprojectwasofficiallycommencedonOctober17thatyear,barelythreemonthsaftertheActhadbeenpassed.
Theschemesetouttoharnesswaterforelectricityandtodivertitbacktothedryinlandareasforirrigation.Todothis,thousandsofkilometersoftunnelshadtobedrilledthroughthemountains,andsixteenmajordamsandsevenhydro-electricpowerstationsbuiltoveraperiodofnineteenyears.ThefirstofthesewasGuthegaPowerStation,commissionedin1954,andthelast,TumutIII.
Section2
TheSnowyMountainsSchemewastoalterthefaceofAustraliaforever.OneimportantchangewastherecruitmentpeoplefromoutsideAustraliatoworkonthescheme.In1949,whiletheworldwasstillrecoveringfromtheeffectsofWorldWarII(1939to1945),theAustraliangovernmentneededimmensenumbersofpeopletoworkontheSnowy.Itsoughtlabourfromoverseas,and60,000ofthe100,000peoplewhoworkedontheschemecamefromoutsidethecountry.
Theycamefromthirtydifferentcountries:
fromItaly,Yugoslavia,andGermany,fromsophisticatedcitieslikeBudapest,ParisandVienna,andfromtinyhamlets.TheseEuropeanworkersleftcountrieswhichhadfoughtagainsteachotherduringthewar,andwhichhadvastlydifferentcultures,andtheyfoundthemselvesinacountrywhichwasstilldefiningitself.Theywereadventurousyoungmen,somehighlyskilled,somenot,andtheycametoaplacewhichofferedbothenormouschallengesandprimitiveconditions.Manywerehousedintentsintheearlydaysofthescheme,althoughsomefortunatemenwereplacedinbarracks.Thefoodwasbasic,femalecompanyextremelyscarceandentertainmentlacking.
Section3
ManynewarrivalsspokeonlylimitedEnglish,andwereofferedEnglishclassesafterwork.Themenneededprimarilytounderstandsafetyinstructions,andsafetylectureswereconductedinEnglishandotherlanguages.Infactagreatdealofcommunicationundergroundwasbysignlanguage,especiallywhentheconditionswerenoisy.Thesignswerepeculiartothebusinessathand:
forinstance,athumbplacednearthemouthmeantwater,butdidnotindicatewhetherthewaterneededonthedrillthemanwasusing,orforadrink.
TheconstantreferencetothemenwhoworkedontheSnowyisappropriatebecausefewwomenworkedonthescheme,andthosewhowereemployedusuallyheldofficejobs.Women,however,wereactiveinthecommunity,andthemembersoftheCountryWomen’sAssociationgaveEnglishlessons.OtherEnglishinstructionwasprovidedbyTheAustraliaBroadcastingCommissionwhichrandailybroadcaststohelpthenewcomerswiththelanguage.
Section4
Thesecircumstancescouldhavecausedgreatsocialtrouble,buttherewererelativelyfewseriousproblems.Themenworkedlongandhard,andmanysavedtheirmoneywithaviewtosettlinginAustraliaorreturninghome.Atareunionin1999manywerehappytorememberthehardshipsofthosedays,butitwasallseenthroughaglowofachievement.Thissatisfactionwasfeltnotonlybythemenwhoworkeddirectlyontheproject,butbythewomen,manyofwhomhadbeenwivesandmothersduringthescheme,andindicatedthattheyhadfeltverymuchpartofit.
ThechildrenofthesecouplewenttoschoolinHappyJack,atownnotableforhavingthehighestschoolinAustralia,andthehighestbirthrate.InonememorableyeartherewerethirtybabiesborntotheeightyfamiliesinHappyJack.
OlderchildrenwenttoschoolinCooma,thenearestmajortown..
Section5
Theschemeisveryunlikelytoberepeated.Theexpenseofputtingthepowerstationsundergroundwouldnowbeprohibitive,andourcurrentinformationaboutecologywouldrequireadifferentapproachtothetreatmentoftherivers.Otherhydro-electricschemesliketheTennesseeValleyAuthorityprecededtheSnowyMountainsScheme,andothershavefollowed.TheSnowyMountainsSchemeistheonlyhydro-electricschemeintheworldtobetotallyfinancedfromthesaleofitselectricity.
Aswellasbeingagreatengineeringfeat,theschemeisamonumenttopeoplefromaroundtheworldwhodaredtochangetheirlives.SomearelivingandworkinginAustralia,manyhaveretiredthere,somehavereturnedtotheircountriesoforigin.Everyoneo
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