各种污水生化处理工艺流程框图文档格式.docx
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各种污水生化处理工艺流程框图文档格式.docx
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additionalpumping,piping,andelectricitytoaccommodatetheinternalrecycle;
andthepossibleneedforanadditionalcarbonsourcetopromotedenitrification.ThemodifiedLudzack-EttingerprocessisillustratedinFigure2-3.
IFASsystemsarehybridsthathaveattachedgrowthmediaincludedinanactivated-sludgebasin.
SchreiberProcess
ThepatentedSchreibercountercurrentaerationprocesscanprovidenitrificationanddenitrificationinonebasin.Thewastewaterentersacircularbasinequippedwitharotatingbridgethatprovidesmixing.Aerationisprovidedbyfine-bubblediffusersattachedtothebridge.Shouldsequencingbetweenaerobicandanoxicconditionsberequired,theaerationcanbeturnedoffwhilethebridgecontinuestokeepthetankmixed.Thesystemfootprintisapproximatelythatofaconventionalactivated-sludgesystembutwithadditionalequipmentbuiltin.Becauseitincludesalternatingaerobic/anoxicconditionsinonetank,veryloweffluentTNconcentrationsarepossible,whenoptimized.Theperformancecouldbefurtherenhancedwithadditionalanoxiczonesdownstreamoftheprimaryreactor.InthestandardSchreiberconfiguration,theneedforadditionalfoodistypicallyreducedoreliminatedbecauseeverythingisdoneinonetank.TheSchreibercountercurrentaerationprocessisillustratedinFigure2-12.TheTNeffluentconcentrationsfortheSchreiberprocessintheliteratureevaluatedaspartofthisstudywas8.0mg/L(seeTable2-1inSection2.5).
TheVirginiaInitiativeprocess(VIP)issimilartothemodifiedUCTprocessandisanothervariationofthePhoredoxprocess.Thenitratesfromtheaerobiczonearereturnedtotheheadofthefirstanoxiczone,insteadofthesecondanoxiczoneasisdonewiththemodifiedUCTprocess.Thesecondreturnisfromtheendofthesecondanoxiczonetotheheadoftheanaerobiczone.RAScontinuestoentertheheadofthefirstanoxiczone.TheVIPprocessallowsforadditionaldenitrificationandthusminimizestheintroductionofnitratetotheanaerobiczone.Nitrateintheanaerobiczonewouldinterferewithphosphorusrelease,andsowouldreducetheopportunityforsubsequentphosphorusuptakeintheaerobiczone.TheVIPprocessisoperatedinahigh-ratemode,allowingforsmalltankvolumes,whichrequirelessspacethanothersimilarprocesses.Thisprocesshasamedium-sizedfootprintandcouldbesetupinexistingbasins.Aswithotherprocessesinthissection,noadditionalheadisneeded,butextensivepipingandpumpingareneededfortherecyclestreams.Aswiththeotherprocesses,ifsufficientVFAsarepresent,nosupplementalcarbonsourcesarerequired.Achievingaverylowphosphateconcentrationrequiresdownstreamchemicalprecipitationandfiltration.TheVIPisillustratedinFigure2-26.TherangesofTNandphosphoruseffluentconcentrationsfoundintheliteraturefortheVIPwere3.0mg/Lto10.0mg/LinTNand0.19mg/Lto5.75mg/LinTP;
fortheVIPwithVFAadditiontherangeswere5.0mg/Lto10.0mg/LinTNand0.6mg/Lto0.8mg/LinTP(seeTables2-1,2-2,and2-3inSection2.5fordetails).
BluePlainsProcess
TheBluePlainsprocesswasaretrofittotheexistingnitrificationactivated-sludgeprocessattheWashington,DC,facility.AnewanoxiczonewascreatedinsidetheaerationtankwithanHRTof0.8hourfromthenominal3.3hoursinthetotalbasin.Thedesignsludgeagewas13days.Theexistingreturnactivated-sludgesystemremainedunchangedinthisretrofit.Methanolwasfeddirectlyintothisnewanoxiczoneforatargetnitrogenconcentrationof7.5mg/L(Kangetal.1992;
Sadicketal.1998).Phosphorusisremovedbyferricchlorideadditionandtertiaryfiltration.TheBluePlainsprocessisdepictedinFigure2-29.TheTNandTPeffluentconcentrationsfoundintheliteraturefortheBluePlainsprocesswere7.5mg/LinTNand0.12mg/LinTP(seeTable2-1inSection2.5fordetails).
WestbankProcess
TheWestbankprocessisamodificationofafive-stageBardenpho,witheliminationofboththesecondanoxiczoneandthereaerationzone.Theprocessusesastep-feedarrangementfordistributingprimaryeffluentandfermentersupernatant(VFA-enriched)totheanaerobicandanoxiczones,asshowninFigure2-30.Theprocessconsistsofasmallpre-anoxiczone,followedbyananaerobiczone,ananoxiczone,andanaerobiczone.Thepre-anoxiczoneminimizestheDOandnitratesenteringtheanaerobiczone,therebymaximizingthereleaseofphosphorus.RASisfedtotheanoxiczone.Primaryeffluentisdividedbetweenthepreanoxiczone(todenitrifytheRAS),anaerobiczone(tostimulatephosphorusrelease),andanoxiczone(tostimulatedenitrification).Thedirectfeedingoftheprimaryeffluenttotheanoxiczoneincreasesthedenitrificationrate,therebyreducingtherequiredsizeoftheanoxic
zonecomparedtothatina5-stageBardenphosystem.Thefermentersupernate,ontainingVFAs,isfeddirectlytotheanaerobiczone.Aninternalrecycleataflowratioofupto600percentdirectsthenitratesfromtheaerobiczonetotheanoxiczonefordenitrification.InthespecificcaseofKelowna,BritishColumbia,theeffluentfromtheWestbankprocessisgravityfiltered.TheTNandTPeffluentconcentrationsfoundduringthecasestudyperiodfortheWestbankprocesswithfiltrationrangedfrom2.7mg/Lto5.8mg/LinTN,withanaverageof4.4mg/LinTN,andwere0.05mg/Lto1.88mg/LinTP,withanaverageof0.14mg/LTP(seeTables2-1and2-2inSection2.5fordetails).
2.5Full-ScaleNutrientRemovalProcessCases
2.5.1NitrogenRemovalMatrixandVariabilityData
ThevariabilityorreliabilityofnitrogencontroltechnologiesissummarizedinTable2-1.Forplantsforwhichafullyearofdailynitrogenremovaldatawereobtained,astatisticalsummaryispresentedfortheannualaverage,maximummonth,maximumweek,andmaximumday.Thesecorrespondtothepointsat50,92,98,and99.7percent,respectively,whenplottedonprobabilitypaper(basedonthenumberofdatapoints).Thissummaryisthefirstknownintheliteraturetocomparefull-scaletechnologiesonanequalbasis.Monthly,weekly,anddailymaximumsmaybesetbyregulatoryauthoritiesforfacilitiesthatdischargetoparticularlysensitivewaters.IfTNeffluentdatawerecollectedweeklybecausethatwasallthatthepermitrequired,thedailymaximumvaluewasnotavailable.Theperformancelevelsshownfromreportedsourcesaredocumentedindescendingorderforthetechnologiesreported.Itshouldbeemphasizedthat,forthistableaswellasTables2-5and2-8,theperformanceresultsreflectspecificoperatingphilosophy,permitlimitations,temperature,influentconditions,flowconditions,andtherelativeplantloadcomparedtodesign.Thus,theydonotnecessarilyrepresentoptimumoperationofthetechnologiespresented.Mostoftheselectedperiodsappearedtobetypical;
however,climateandweathervariationscouldsignificantlyaffectperformance.Similarly,theperformanceresultsreflectedinthecurvesinFigures2-31,2-33,2-34,2-35,and2-36reflectsite-specficsituationsanddonotnecessarilyrepresentoptimumoperationofthetechnologies.
各种变化的、可靠的脱氮控制技术,总结在表2-1。
对于那些每天脱氮的数据,全年分别获得的统计结果,是提出了全年的平均,最大个月,最长一周植物,最高一天。
这些对应点50,92,98和百分之99.7,分别在文件上概率的数据点数目为基础(绘制)。
这是总结在文献中已知的第一个比较平等的基础上的全面技术。
每月,每周,每天的最大值可以设置由监管当局设施,排放要特别敏感的水域。
如果总氮污水收集资料,因为这是每周所有的许可证规定,每日最高值是不可用。
Ŧ
Theannualaverageandthemaximummonthconcentrations,respectively,areshownforeachfacility:
1=Denitrifyingactivatedsludge:
1.63mg/Land2.46mg/LwithaCOVof36percentatWesternBranch,Maryland
2=5-stageBardenpho:
2.04mg/Land3.10mg/LwithaCOVof42percentattheClearwater,Florida,northeastplant
3=Denitrificationfilter:
2.14mg/Land2.77mg/LwithaCOVof16percentattheCentralJohnstonCounty,NorthCarolina,plant
4=Denitrificationfilter:
1.71mg/Land2.61mg/LwithaCOVof28percentattheLeeCounty,Florida,plant
5=5-stageBardenpho:
2.32mg/Land3.1mg/LwithaCOVof16percentattheClearwater,Florida,MarshallStreetplant
6=Step-feedactivatedsludge(AS):
2.58mg/Land4.30mg/LwithaCOVof57percentatthePiscataway,Maryland,plant
7=Concentricoxidationditchwithinternalrecycle:
3.0mg/Land4.24mg/LwithaCOVof32percentattheHammonton,NewJersey,plant
年平均每月的最高浓度,分别是显示每个设施:
1=反硝化活性污泥:
有百分之36的COV在西方科,马里兰1.63毫克/升和2.46毫克/升
2=5级Bardenpho:
2.04毫克以百分之
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