公共英语四级考试试题(三).docx
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公共英语四级考试试题(三).docx
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公共英语四级考试试题
(三)
一、ReadingComprehension(共20小题,共20.0分)Readthefollowingthreetexts.AnswerthequestionsoneachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.第1题Materialculturereferstowhatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—whataculture
produces.Examiningaculture'stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup'shistoryandwayof
life.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic
culture.Themostvividbodyofmaterialcultureinit,ofcourse,ismusical
instruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusicculturesintheremotepastandtheir
development.Herewehavetwokindsof
evidence:
instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedin
art.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsinthesymphony
orchestra.Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterial
culture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusicculturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint,butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,Britain,and
America.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferent
songs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusicand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusiccultureasa
whole.Onemoreimportantpartofmusic'smaterialcultureshouldbesingled
out:
theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,television,andvideocassette,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandother
developments.Thisisallpartofthe"informationrevolution",atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthe
nineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations;
theyhaveaffectedmusicculturesalloverthe
globe.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause______.Aithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology
BitcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenationCithelpsunderstandthenation'spastandpresentDitcandemonstratethenation'scivilization
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]细节题。
根据文章第一段第二句“Examiningaculture'stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthenation'shistoryandwayof
life.”可知C选项符合原文和题目要求。
A、B、D三项文中都未提及,故都不正确。
所以应选C。
第2题Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat______.AtheexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusicBNearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyOrchestraCthedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusicDthemusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusic
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]细节题。
B项与第一段最后牛句话意思一致,符合原文和题目要求。
其他三项与文章中的论述都不相符,故都不正确。
所以应选B。
第3题Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause______.Aithasagreateffectonthemusiccultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreadit
BittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusiciansCitistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusicDitencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]细节题。
A项符合文章第二段最后一句话的意思,且符合题目要求。
其他三项都与原文和题目要求不符,故都不正确。
所以应选A。
第4题Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic______.AhasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolutionBhasspeededuptheappearanceofanewgenerationofcomputersChasgivenrisetonewformsofmusiccultureDhasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]推断题。
C符合原文以及题目要求。
其他选项都与原文不符。
故应选C。
第5题Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?
AMusicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedby
computers.BMusiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationsunlessitis
recorded.CFolksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusic
sheets.
DThedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterial
aspect.
【正确答案】:
D
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]主旨题。
文章是讲音乐文化的发展相当依靠它的物质层面的发展,这与D项的意思一致。
A、B、C三项都比较片面。
所以应选D。
第6题WeallknowthatDNAhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsbut,becauseitisinherited,therearealsoregionsoftheDNAstrandwhichcanrelateanindividualtohisorherfamily(immediateandextended),tribalgroupandevenanentire
population.MolecularGenealogy(宗谱学)canusethisuniqueidentificationprovidedbythegeneticmarkerstolinkpeopletogetherintofamily
trees.Pedigrees(家谱)basedonsuchgeneticmarkerscanmeanabreak-throughforfamilytreeswhereinformationisincompleteormissingduetoadoption,illegitimacyorlackof
records.TherearemanycommunitiesandpopulationswhichhavelostpreciousrecordsduetotragiceventssuchasthefireintheIrishcourtsduringCivilWarin1921orAmericanslavesforwhommanyrecordswereneverkeptinthefirst
place.ThemainobjectiveoftheMolecularGenealogyResearchGroupistobuildadatabasecontainingover100,000DNAsamplesfromindividualsalloverthe
world.Theseindividualswillhaveprovidedapedigreechartofatleastfourgenerationsandasmallblood
sample.Oncethedatabasehasenoughsamplestorepresenttheworldgeneticmake-up,itwilleventuallyhelpinsolvingmanyissuesregardinggenealogiesthatcouldnotbedonebyrelyingonlyontraditionalwritten
records.Theoretically,anyindividualwillsomedaybeabletotracehisorherfamilyoriginsthroughthis
database.Inthemeantime,asthedatabaseisbeingcreated,moleculargenealogycanalreadyverifypossibleorsuspectedrelationshipsbetween
individuals."Forexample,iftwomensharingthesamelastnamebelievethattheyarerelated,butnowrittenrecordprovesthisrelationship,wecanverifythispossibilitybycollectingasampleofDNAfrombothandlookingforcommonmarkers(inthiscasewecanlookprimarilyattheYchromosome(染色体),"
explainsGeorgeGreen,amemberoftheBYUMolecularGenealogyresearch
team.PeopleinalargeareamaypossessthesameDNAthreadbecause______.
ADNAischaracteristicofaregionBtheyarebeyonddoubtofcommonancestryCDNAstrandhastheabilitytoidentifyindividualsDtheiruniqueidentificationcanbeprovidedviaDNA
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]理解题。
题干是对第一句中的“therearealsoregionsoftheDNAstrand”的改写。
前面提到“DNA具有遗传性”,既然是遗传,那么可以推断出具有同样DNA特征的人必定有同样的祖先。
所以应选B。
第7题Thepossibleresearchoffamilytreesisbasedonthefactthat______.AgeneticshasachievedabreakthroughBgeneticinformationcontainedinDNAcanberevealednowCeachindividualcarriesauniquerecordofwhoheisandhowheisrelatedtoothersDwecanuseDNAtoprovehowdistantanindividualistoafamily,agrouporapopulation
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]语义题。
基于第一段第二、三句,我们知道遗传标记提供独有的识别特征把人们连接在一起,形成家族树。
换句话说,能对家族树进行研究,是因为遗传标记的独有特征可以用来判断一个人的基因身份以及这个人与他人之间的关系。
所以正确答案为C。
第8题TheMolecularGenealogyResearchGroupisbuildingadatabaseforthepurposeof______.
Aofferingassistanceinworkingoutgenealogy-relatedproblemsBsolvingmanyissueswithoutrelyingontraditionalwrittenrecordsCprovidingapedigreechartofatleastfourgenerationsintheworldDconfirmingtheassumptionthatallindividualsareofthesameorigin
【正确答案】:
A
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]细节题。
根据第二段中的“…helpinsolvingmanyissuesregardinggenealogiesthatcouldnotbedonebyrelyingonly…”可知,建立数据库有助于解决仅靠其他方法不能解决的与宗谱有关的许多问题。
所以应选A。
第9题Iftwomensuspectedforsomereasontheyhaveacommonancestor,______.AwecandecideaccordingtotheirfamilytreeBwecanfindthetruthfromtheirgeneticmarkersCwecancomparethedifferencesintheirYchromosomeDwecanlookforwrittenrecordstoprovetheirrelationship
【正确答案】:
B
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]细节题。
根据文章最后一段可知通过采集两个人的DNA样本我们可以证实两个人是否有同样的祖先。
因此正确答案为B。
第10题WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?
AWeareawalking,living,breathingrecordofour
ancestors.BManyAmericanslavesdidnotknowwhotheirancestors
were.
CAnadoptedchildgenerallylacksenoughinformationtoprovehis
identity.DMoleculargenealogycanbeusedtoprovearelationshipbetween
individuals.
【正确答案】:
C
【本题分数】:
1.0分
【答案解析】
[解析]推断题。
文章说他们与家族树的关系是基因特征而不是其他因素决定的,可见C与原文不符。
故应选C。
第11题Itwas3:
12
a.m.whennine-year-oldGlennKreamerawoketothesmellof
burning.Exceptforthecracklingofflamessomewherebelowtherewasnotasoundinthetwo-storeyhouseatBaldwin,Long
Island.Withhisfatherawayonnightdutyatalocalfactory,Glennwasworriedaboutthesafetyofhismother,hissisterKaren,14andhis12-year-oldbrother
Todd.HerandownstairsthroughthesmokefilledhousetopushandpullatKarenandTodduntiltheysat
up.Thenhehelpedeachonethroughthehousetothesafetyofthe
garden.There,hissisterandbrother,takingshortandquickbreathsandcoughing,collapsedonthe
lawn.Thenine-year-oldracedbackintothehouseandupstairstohismother's
room.Hefounditimpossibletowakeher
up.
Mrs.Kreamer,avictimofthesmoke,wasunconscious,andtherewasnobodytohelpGlenncarry
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