老托福听力92篇原文Word下载.docx
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老托福听力92篇原文Word下载.docx
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llbeavailabletohelpyouwithlessonplansortooffersuggestionsforactivities.HehasofficehourseveryTuesdayandThursdayafternoon.Youcansignupfortheprogramwithhimandbeginthetutoringnextweek.
I'
msureyou'
llenjoythiscommunityservice...andyou'
llgainvaluableexperienceatthesametime.Itlooksgoodonyourresume,too-showingthatyou'
vehadexperiencewithchildrenandthatyoucareaboutyourcommunity.Ifyou'
dliketosignup,orifyouhaveanyquestions,stopbyProfessionDodge'
sofficethisweek.
I-01-2
(woman)Ihopeyou'
veallfinishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurance-sothatyou'
repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.But,beforewestart,I'
dliketomentionafewthingsyourtextdoesn'
tgointo.
It'
sinterestingtonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsomeformforaverylongtime.Theearliestinsurancepolicieswerecalledbottomrycontracts.Theyprovidedshippingprotectionformerchantsasfarbackas3000B.C.
Ingeneral,thecontractswereoftennomorethanverbalagreements.Theygrantedloanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthanifaparticularshipmentofgoodswaslostatsea,theloandidn'
thavetoberepaid.Interestontheloansvariedaccordingtohowriskyitwastotransportthegoods.Duringperiodsofheavypiracyatsea,forexample,theamountofinterestandthecostofthepolicywentupconsiderably.
So,youcanseehowinsurancehelpedencourageinternationaltrade.Eventhemostcautiousmerchantsbecamewillingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsoverlongdistances-nottomentioninhazardousweatherconditions-whentheyhadthiskindofprotectionavailable.
Generallyspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepolicyhasbeenprettymuchthesamesincetheMiddleAges.Therearefourpointsthatweresalientthenandremainparamountinallpoliciestoday.Therewereoutlinedinchaptersixandwillserveasthebasisfortherestoftheoftoday'
sdiscussion.Cananyonetellmewhatoneofthosepointsmightbe?
I-01-3
(man)LocatedattheNASAResearchCenterinIowaisa5,000-gallonvatofwater,andinsidethetankisanunderwatertreadmilldesignedbyDavaNewman,anaerospaceengineer.ForfouryearsNewmanobservedscubadiversastheysimulatedwalkingontheMoonandonMarsonherunderwatermovingbelt.ShewantedtodiscoverhowthegravityoftheMoonandofMarswouldaffecthumanmovement.
Todothis,Newmanattachedweightstothediversandthenloweredthemintothetankandontothetreadmill.TheseweightswerecarefullyadjustedsothatthediverscouldexperienceunderwaterthegravityoftheMoonandofMarsastheywalkedonthetreadmill.NewmanconcludedthatwalkingonMarswillprobablybeeasierthanwalkingontheMoon.TheMoonhaslessgravitythanMarsdoes,soatlunargravity,thediversstruggledtokeeptheirbalanceandwalkedawkwardly.ButatMartiangravity,thedivershadgreatertractionandstabilityandcouldeasilyadjusttoapaceof1.5milesperhour.AsNewmangraduallyincreasedthespeedofthetreadmill,thediverstooklonger,gracefulstridesuntiltheycomfortablysettledintoanevenquickerpace.NewmanalsonotedthatatMartiangravity,thediversneededlessoxygen.
ThedataNewmancollectedwillhelpinthefuturedesignofMartianspacesuits.Comparedtolunarspacesuits,Martianspacesuitswillrequiresmallerairtanks;
and,toallowforfreermovement,theelbowandkneeareasofthespacesuitswillalsobealtered.
I-02-1
(man)WelcometoEvergladesNationalPar.TheEvergladesisawateryplaincoveredwithsawgrassthat'
shometonumerousspeciesofplantsandwildlife.Atoneandahalfmillionacres,it'
stoobigtoseeitalltoday,butthistourwillofferyouagoodsampling.OurtourbuswillstopfirstatTaylorSlough.Thisisagoodplacetostartbecauseit'
shometomanyoftheplantsandanimalstypicallyassociatedwiththeEverglades.You'
llseemanyexoticbirdsand,ofcourse,ourworldfamousalligators.Don'
tworry,there'
saboardwalkthatgoesacrossthemarshsoyoucanlookdownattheanimalsinthewaterfromasafedistance.Theboardwalkishighenoughtogiveyouagreatviewofthesawgrassprairie.Fromtherewe'
llheadtosomeothermarshyandevenjungle-likeareasthatfeaturewonderfultropicalplantlife.
Forthoseofyouwho'
dlikeacloserviewofthesawgrassprairie,youmightconsiderrentingacanoesometimeduringyourvisithere.However,don'
tdothisunlessyouhaveaverygoodsenseofdirectionandcannegotiateyourwaythroughtallgrass.We'
dhatetohavetocomelookingforyou.
Youhavethegoodfortuneofbeinghereinthewinter-thebesttimeofyeartovisit.Duringthespringandsummerthemosquitoeswilljustabouteatyoualive!
Rightnowthey'
renotsobothersome,butyou'
llstillwanttouseaninsectrepellent.
I-02-2
(woman)Thankyou.It'
sgreattoseesomanyofyouinterestedinthisserieson"
SurvivalinOuterSpace."
Pleaseexcusethecameras-we'
rebeingvideotapedforthelocalTVstations.
TonightI'
mgoingtotalkaboutthemostbasicaspectofsurvival-thespacesuit.Whenmostofyouimagineanastronaut,that'
sprobablythefistthingthatcomestomind,right?
Well,withoutspacessuits,itwouldnotbepossibleforustosurviveinspace.Forexample,outerspaceisavacuum-there'
snogravityorairpressure;
withoutprotection,abodywouldexplode.What'
smore,we'
dcookinthesunorfreezeintheshade-withtemperaturesrangingfromatoasty300degreesabovetoacool300degreesbelowzeroFahrenheit.
ThespacesuitthatNASAhasdevelopedistrulyamarvel.Thisphotoenlargementhereisalife-sizeimageofanactualspacesuitwornbyastronautsonthelastspaceshuttlemission.Thispastisthetorso-it'
smadeofsevenextremelydurablelayers.Thisthickinsulationprotectsagainsttemperatureextremesandradiation.Nextiswhattheycalla"
bladder"
ofoxygen-that'
saninflatablesac,filledwithoxygen,tosimulateatmosphericpressure.ThisbladderpressesagainstthebodywiththesameforceastheEarth'
satmosphereatsealevel.Theinnermostlayersprovideliquidcoolingandventilation.Despiteallthelayers,thesuitisflexible,allowingfreemovementsowecanwork.
Anotherreallysophisticatedpartofthespacesuitisthehelmet.Ibroughtonealongtoshowyou.CanIhaveavolunteercomeanddemonstrate?
I-02-3
(woman)Goodevening.MynameisPamJones,andonbehalfoftheModernDanceclub,I'
dliketowelcomeyoutotonight'
sprogram.TheclubispleasedtopresenttheTVversionofTheCatherineWheel,TwylaTharp'
srockballet.Thisvideoversionoftheballethasbeenevenmoresuccessfulwithaudiencesthantheoriginaltheaterproduction----itincludessomeanimation,slowmotion,andstop-actionfreezesthatreallyhelptheaudienceunderstandthedance.
ThetitleofthepiecereferstoSaintCatherine,whodiedonawheelin307A.D.Nowadays,aCatherinewheelisalsoakindoffirework----itlookssomethinglikeapinwheel.Anyway,thedanceiscertainlyfulloffireworks!
You'
llseehowTwylaTharpexploresonefamily'
sattempttoconfronttheviolenceinmodernlife.Thecentralsymboloftheworkisapineapple...butexactlywhatitrepresentshasalwayscreatedalotofcontroversy.Asyouwatch,seeifyoucanfigureitout.
Themusicforthispieceisfulloftherhythmicenergyofrockmusic.ItwascomposedbyDavidByrne...oftherockbandTalkingHeads?
AndtheleaddancerinthisversionwasSaraRudner,whoisperfectlysuitedtoTharp'
sadventurouschoreography.
Followingthevideo,danceteacherMaryParkerwillleadadiscussionaboutthesymbolismMs.Tharpused.Wehopeyoucanstayforthat.So,enjoytonight'
svideo...andthankyouforyoursupport.
I-03-1
(woman)Inourlabtoday,we'
llbetestingthehypothesisthatbabiescancountasearlyasfivemonthsofage.Thesixbabiesherearealllessthansixmonthsold.You'
llbewatchingthemonclosed-circuitTVandmeasuringtheirresponses.
Theexperimentisbasedonthewell-establishedobservationthatbabiesstarelongeriftheydon'
tseewhattheyexpecttosee.First,we'
regoingtolettwodollsmoveslowlyinfrontofthebabies.Thebabieswillseethetwodollsdisappearbehindascreen.Yourjobistorecord,inseconds,howlongthebabiesstareatthedollswhenthescreenisremoved.
Inthenextstage,twodollswillagainmoveinfrontofthebabiesanddisappear.Butthenathirddollwillfollow.Whenthescreenisremoved,thebabieswillonlyseetwodolls.Ifwe'
reright,thebabieswillnowstarelongerbecausetheyexpectthreedollsbutonlyseetwo.
Itseemsremarkabletothinkthatsuchyoungchildrencancount.Myownresearchhasconvincedmethattheyhavethisabilityfrombirth.Butwhethertheydoornot,perhapsweshouldraiseanotherquestion---shouldwetakeadvantageofthisabilitybyteachingchildrenmathematicsatsuchayoungage?
Theyhavegreatuntappedpotential,butisitgoodforparentstopressureyoungchildren?
I-03-2
(woman)BeforestartingourtourofMonticello,I
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