英语上海市嘉定区届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题含答案.docx
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英语上海市嘉定区届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题含答案.docx
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英语上海市嘉定区届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题含答案
上海市嘉定区2019届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试题
一、语法填空
1.
PeoplearebeingattractedtoFacebookwiththepromiseofafun,freeservicewithoutrealizingthey'repayingforitbygivinguplargeamountsofpersonalinformation.Facebookthenattemptstomakemoneybysellingtheirdatatoadvertisersthatwanttosendtargetedmessages.
MostFacebookusersdon'trealizethisishappening.Eveniftheyknowwhatthecompanyisupto,theystillhavenoideawhatthey'repayingforFacebookbecausepeopledon'treallyknowwhattheirpersonalinformationisworth.
Thebiggestproblem,however,isthatthecompanykeepschangingtherules.Earlyon,youkeepeverythingprivate.ThatwasthegreatthingaboutFacebook—youcouldcreateyourownlittleprivatenetwork.Lastyear,thecompanychangeditsprivacyrulessothatmanythings—yourcity,yourphoto,yourfriends'names—wereset,bydefault(默认)tobesharedwitheveryoneontheInternet.
AccordingtoFacebook'svice-presidentElliotSchrage,thecompanyissimplymakingchangestoimproveitsservice,andifpeopledon'tshareinformation,theyhavea"lesssatisfyingexperience".
SomepeoplethinkthisismoreaboutFacebooklookingtomakemoremoney.Itsoriginalbusinessmodel,whichwasaboutsellingadsandputtingthematthesideofthepage,totallyfailed.Whowantstolookatadswhenthey'reonlineconnectingwiththeirfriends?
TheprivacyissuehasalreadylandedFacebookinhotwaterinWashington.InApril,SenatorCharlesSchumercalledonFacebooktochangeitsprivacypolicy.HealsourgedtheFederalTradeCommissiontosetguidelinesforsocial-networkingsites. "Ithinkthesenatorrightlycommunicatedthatwehadnotbeenclearaboutwhatthenewproductswereandhowpeoplecouldchoosetousethemornottousethem,"Schrageadmits.
IthinkthatwhateverFacebookhasdonesofartoinvadeourprivacyisonlythebeginning,whichiswhyI'mconsideringstoppingusingit.Facebookisaconvenientsite,butI'mupsetbytheideathatmyinformationisinthehandsofpeopleIdon'tknow.That'stoohighapricetopay.
(1)What is the main idea of the passage?
A Facebook is becoming a more useful site. B Facebook is improving its service gradually. C Facebook is stealing and selling users'information. D Facebook is losing more customers.
(2)What did Facebook's business model include at the beginning?
A Selling its service. B Selling ads. C Selling its products. D Selling personal information.
(3)According to the writer,why Facebook make changes to its rule?
A To provide better service to its users. B To follow the Federal guidelines. C To encourage its users'communication. D To gain its users'more personal information.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
2. 选词填空
A combining B analyzed C concerned D tremendously E effective F applied G actually H common I limited J assessing K test
Gettinghelpwithparentingmakesadifference--atanyage
NewOxfordUniversitystudyfindsthatparentinginterventions(育儿干预)forhelpingchildrenwithbehaviorproblemsarejustaseffectiveinschoolage,asinyoungerchildren.
Thereisadominantviewamongscientistsandpolicy-makers.Theybelieves,forthegreatesteffect,interventionsneedtobe earlyinlife,whenchildren'sbrainfunctionandbehaviorarethoughttobemoreflexible.However,accordingtothenewresearch,it'stimetostopfocusingonwhenweintervenewithparenting,andjustcontinuehelpingchildreninneedofallages.
JustpublishedinChildDevelopment,thestudyisoneofthefirstto thisageassumption.Parentinginterventionsareacommonandeffectivetoolforreducingchildbehaviorproblems,butstudiesofageeffectshaveproduceddifferentresultsuntilnow.
AteamledbyProfessorFrancesFardner datafromover15,000familiesfromallovertheworld,andfoundnoevidencethatearlierisbetter.Olderchildrenbenefitedjustasmuchasyoungeronesfromparentinginterventionsforreducingbehaviorproblems.Therewasnoevidencethatearlierinterventionsaremorepowerful.Thiswasbasedon datafrommorethan150differentexperiments.
What'smore,theireconomicanalysisfoundthatinterventionswitholderchildrenwere morelikelytobecost-effective.
ProfessorGardnercommented:
“Whenthereis aboutbehavioraldifficultiesinyoungerchildren,ourfindingsshouldneverbeusedasareasontodelayintervention,otherwise,childrenandfamilieswillsufferforlonger.”Shecontinued,“Asfor parentinginterventionsforreducingbehaviorproblemsinchildhood,weshouldsticktotheprinciple,'it'snevertooearly,nevertoolate',ratherthan'earlierisbetter'.”
Thestudydrawstheconclusionthatitmakessensetoinvestinparentinginterventionsforchildrenatallageswithbehavioraldifficulties,becausetheyarenomorelikelytobe inyoungerthanolderchildren,atleastinthepre-adolescents.
Ofcourse,there'smoreworktobedone.Theexperimentsconductedwere topre-adolescents,toshorter-termeffects,andparent-reportedassessmentofchildoutcomes.Futurestudiesareneededthatfocusonadolescents,longer-termoutcomes,andusingmultiplesourcesfor childbehaviorproblems.
三、完形填空
3. Marmosetmonkeysexistonabranchoftheevolutionarytreethatisdistinctfromtheonethatledtomans.Buttheyconstantlyastonishresearcherswith________behaviorthatseemsprettyhighlyevolved.Theirsocialorganizationand________practicescouldhavebeenthemodelforthephrase“Ittakesavillage.”Adominantmaleandfemalebreed,andtheirbabiesarecarefullylookedafterbyextendedfamilymemberswhothenaren'tfreetobreedthemselves.
A newstudyfurther________themarmoset’sreputationforadmirablecommunityvalues.Researchersreportthatthesecaregiverssharetheirfoodmoregenerouslywithlittleones________thanwhenthey’resurroundedbythewatchfuleyesofothercommunitymembers.Incomplexsocietieswhereindividualsbandtogetherfor______protection,researchershavecomeupwithafewwidelyacceptedexplanationsforselflessbehavior.Butspecificacts,likesharingadeliciouscricket(蟋蟀)withabeggingbabymarmoset,seemtoneedmore______explanation
One possibilityisthatanindividualpractices______asameansofenhancinghisstatusamongpeers.By______thatheissowellgiftedwithmaterialgoodsthathecangivesomeaway,thisdo-gooderenhanceshispowerwithinthegroup.That,inturn,may______prospectivemates.Theotherexplanationforcharitablebehavior______thatkindnessesextendedtoothersaresimplythefeesofgroupmembership,whichofferssomefuturepromiseofachancetomate.Failuretosharewouldresultinexclusionfromthegroupandalossof______partners.Scientistscallthisthe“paytostay”model.Importantly,forbothofthesemodelstowork,actsofkindnessmusthavea(n)______.Thatsuggestsyouwouldseemoresharingingroupsettings;awayfromjudgingeyes,acaregivermightbemorelikelytokeepfoodforhimselforherself.Andyet,in2,581testsconductedwith31adultand14babymarmosets,the______appearedtobetrue
Anthropologists(人类学家)fromtheUniversityofZurichcarefullydocumentedhowoften,ingroupsandinconditionsthatfoundcaregiverandbabyseparatedfromthecrowd,anadultwouldsharehisorhercricket.Whenalonewithababybeggingforataste,adultmarmosetssharedtheircricket85%ofthetime.Wheninagroup,caregiversoffereduptheircricket67%ofthetime.”Ourresultsshowthathelpingincommonmarmosetsisnotdrivenbyreputationmanagementor______avoidance,“thestudyauthorsreportedRather,itisdrivenbyadeep-downmotivationtohelpthatismore______expressedwhenindividualsarealonewithyoung.”
(1)
A animal B careful C social D individual
(2)
A evolving B communicating C organizing D parenting
(3)
A shines B damages C affects D protests
(4)
A atplay B inprivate C onschedule D byaccident
(5)
A adequate B effective C continual D mutual
(6)
A creative B complex C specific D official
(7)
A generosity B wisdom C independence D governance
(8)
A promising B demonstrating C pretending D explaining
(9)
A counton B goafter C appealto D benefitfrom
(10)
A assumes B confirms C enhances D concludes
(11)
A regular B dominant C potential D previous
(12)
A atmosphere B audience C feedback D judge
(13)
A statistics B expectation C argument D opposite
(14)
A responsibility B punishment C arrangement D difficulty
(15)
A strongly B causally C delicately D fearlessly
四、阅读理解
4. ErnestHemingwaywasnotonlyacommandingfigurein20
﹣centuryliterature, butwasalso________.Hesavedevenhisoldpassportsandusedbullfighttickets, leavingbehindoneofthelongestpapertrailsofanyauthor.
"ErnestHemingway:
BetweenTwoWars, "whichopensonFridayattheMorganLibrary&Museum, isthefirstmajormuseumexhibitiondevotedtoHemingwayandhiswork.Thelargestandmostinterestingsectionfocusesonthe'20s, Hemingway'sParisyears, andrevealsawriterwemighthavebeenindangerofforgetting:
________.
The exhibitiondoesnotfailtoincludepicturesofthebearded, manly, Hem.He'sshownposingwithsomekuduhehas
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