完整版TED英语演讲稿如何让选择更容易Word文件下载.docx
- 文档编号:6776643
- 上传时间:2023-05-07
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:6
- 大小:19.90KB
完整版TED英语演讲稿如何让选择更容易Word文件下载.docx
《完整版TED英语演讲稿如何让选择更容易Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《完整版TED英语演讲稿如何让选择更容易Word文件下载.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
doyouknowhowmanychoicesyoumakeinatypicalday?
doyouknowhowmanychoicesyoumakeintypicalweek?
irecentlydidasurveywithover2,000americans,andtheaveragenumberofchoicesthatthetypicalamericanreportsmakingisabout70inatypicalday.therewasalsorecentlyastudydonewithceosinwhichtheyfollowedceosaroundforawholeweek.andthesescientistssimplydocumentedallthevarioustasksthattheseceosengagedinandhowmuchtimetheyspentengaginginmakingdecisionsrelatedtothesetasks.andtheyfoundthattheaverageceoengagedinabout139tasksinaweek.eachtaskwasmadeupofmany,many,manysub-choicesofcourse.50percentoftheirdecisionsweremadeinnineminutesorless.onlyabout12percentofthedecisionsdidtheymakeanhourormoreoftheirtime.thinkaboutyourownchoices.doyouknowhowmanychoicesmakeitintoyournineminutecategoryversusyouronehourcategory?
howwelldoyouthinkyou'
redoingatmanagingthosechoices?
todayiwanttotalkaboutoneofthebiggestmoderndaychoosingproblemsthatwehave,whichisthechoiceoverloadproblem.iwanttotalkabouttheproblemandsomepotentialsolutions.nowasitalkaboutthisproblem,i'
mgoingtohavesomequestionsforyouandi'
mgoingtowanttoknowyouranswers.sowheniaskyouaquestion,sincei'
mblind,onlyraiseyourhandifyouwanttoburnoffsomecalories.(laughter)otherwise,wheniaskyouaquestion,andifyouranswerisyes,i'
dlikeyoutoclapyourhands.soformyfirstquestionforyoutoday:
areyouguysreadytohearaboutthechoiceoverloadproblem?
(applause)thankyou.
sowheniwasagraduatestudentatstanforduniversity,iusedtogotothisvery,veryupscalegrocerystore;
atleastatthattimeitwastrulyupscale.itwasastorecalleddraeger'
s.nowthisstore,itwasalmostlikegoingtoanamusementpark.theyhad250differentkindsofmustardsandvinegarsandover500differentkindsoffruitsandvegetablesandmorethantwodozendifferentkindsofbottledwater--andthiswasduringatimewhenweactuallyusedtodrinktapwater.iusedtolovegoingtothisstore,butononeoccasioniaskedmyself,wellhowcomeyouneverbuyanything?
here'
stheiroliveoilaisle.theyhadover75differentkindsofoliveoil,includingthosethatwereinalockedcasethatcamefromthousand-year-oldolivetrees.
soionedaydecidedtopayavisittothemanager,andiaskedthemanager,"
isthismodelofofferingpeopleallthischoicereallyworking?
"
andhepointedtothebusloadsoftouriststhatwouldshowupeveryday,withcamerasreadyusually.wedecidedtodoalittleexperiment,andwepickedjamforourexperiment.here'
stheirjamaisle.theyhad348differentkindsofjam.wesetupalittletastingboothrightneartheentranceofthestore.wethereputoutsixdifferentflavorsofjamor24differentflavorsofjam,andwelookedattwothings:
first,inwhichcasewerepeoplemorelikelytostop,samplesomejam?
morepeoplestoppedwhentherewere24,about60percent,thanwhenthereweresix,about40percent.thenextthingwelookedatisinwhichcasewerepeoplemorelikelytobuyajarofjam.nowweseetheoppositeeffect.ofthepeoplewhostoppedwhentherewere24,onlythreepercentofthemactuallyboughtajarofjam.ofthepeoplewhostoppedwhenthereweresix,wellnowwesawthat30percentofthemactuallyboughtajarofjam.nowifyoudothemath,peoplewereatleastsixtimesmorelikelytobuyajarofjamiftheyencounteredsixthaniftheyencountered24.
nowchoosingnottobuyajarofjamisprobablygoodforus--atleastit'
sgoodforourwaistlines--butitturnsoutthatthischoiceoverloadproblemaffectsuseveninveryconsequentialdecisions.wechoosenottochoose,evenwhenitgoesagainstourbestself-interests.sonowforthetopicoftoday:
financialsavings.nowi'
mgoingtodescribetoyouastudyididwithgurhuberman,emirkamenica,weijangwherewelookedattheretirementsavingsdecisionsofnearlyamillionamericansfromabout650plansallinthe andwhatwelookedatwaswhetherthenumberoffundofferingsavailableinaretirementsavingsplan,the401(k)plan,doesthataffectpeople'
slikelihoodtosavemorefortomorrow.andwhatwefoundwasthatindeedtherewasacorrelation.sointheseplans,wehadabout657plansthatrangedfromofferingpeopleanywherefromtwoto59differentfundofferings.andwhatwefoundwasthat,themorefundsoffered,indeed,therewaslessparticipationrate.
soifyoulookattheextremes,thoseplansthatofferedyoutwofunds,participationrateswerearoundinthemid-70s--stillnotashighaswewantittobe.inthoseplansthatofferednearly60funds,participationrateshavenowdroppedtoaboutthe60thpercentile.nowitturnsoutthatevenifyoudochoosetoparticipatewhentherearemorechoicespresent,eventhen,ithasnegativeconsequences.soforthosepeoplewhodidchoosetoparticipate,themorechoicesavailable,themorelikelypeopleweretocompletelyavoidstocksorequityfunds.themorechoicesavailable,themorelikelytheyweretoputalltheirmoneyinpuremoneymarketaccounts.nowneitheroftheseextremedecisionsarethekindsofdecisionsthatanyofuswouldrecommendforpeoplewhenyou'
reconsideringtheirfuturefinancialwell-being.
well,overthepastdecade,wehaveobservedthreemainnegativeconsequencestoofferingpeoplemoreandmorechoices.they'
remorelikelytodelaychoosing--procrastinateevenwhenitgoesagainsttheirbestself-interest.they'
remorelikelytomakeworsechoices--worsefinancialchoices,medicalchoices.they'
remorelikelytochoosethingsthatmakethemlesssatisfied,evenwhentheydoobjectivelybetter.themainreasonforthisisbecause,wemightenjoygazingatthosegiantwallsofmayonnaises,mustards,vinegars,jams,butwecan'
tactuallydothemathofcomparingandcontrastingandactuallypickingfromthatstunningdisplay.sowhatiwanttoproposetoyoutodayarefoursimpletechniques--techniquesthatwehavetestedinonewayoranotherindifferentresearchvenues--thatyoucaneasilyapplyinyourbusinesses.
thefirst:
cut.you'
vehearditsaidbefore,butit'
sneverbeenmoretruethantoday,thatlessismore.peoplearealwaysupsetwhenisay,"
cut."
they'
realwaysworriedthey'
regoingtoloseshelfspace.butinfact,whatwe'
reseeingmoreandmoreisthatifyouarewillingtocut,getridofthoseextraneousredundantoptions,wellthere'
sanincreaseinsales,there'
saloweringofcosts,thereisanimprovementofthechoosingexperience.whenproctor&
gamblewentfrom26differentkindsofhead&
shouldersto15,theysawanincreaseinsalesby10percent.whenthegoldencatcorporationgotridoftheir10worst-sellingcatlitterproducts,theysawanincreaseinprofitsby87percent--afunctionofbothincreaseinsalesandloweringofcosts.youknow,theaveragegrocerystoretodayoffersyou45,000products.thetypicalwalmarttodayoffersyou100,000products.buttheninthlargestretailer,theninthbiggestretailerintheworldtodayisaldi,anditoffersyouonly1,400products--onekindofcannedtomatosauce.
nowinthefinancialsavingsworld,ithinkoneofthebestexamplesthathasrecentlycomeoutonhowtobestmanagethechoiceofferingshasactuallybeensomethingthatdavidlaibsonwasheavilyinvolvedindesigning,whichwastheprogramthattheyhaveatharvard.everysingleharvardemployeeisnowautomaticallyenrolledinalifecyclefund.forthosepeoplewhoactuallywanttochoose,they'
regiven20funds,not300ormorefunds.youknow,often,peoplesay,"
idon'
tknowhowtocut.they'
reallimportantchoices."
andthefirstthingidoisiasktheemployees,"
tellmehowthesechoicesaredifferentfromoneanother.andifyouremployeescan'
ttellthemapart,neithercanyourconsumers."
nowbeforewestartedoursessionthisafternoon,ihadachatwithgary.andgarysaidthathewouldbewillingtoofferpeopleinthisaudienceanall-expenses-paidfreevacationtothemostbeautifulroadintheworld.here'
sadescriptionoftheroad.andi'
dlikeyoutoreadit.andnowi'
llgiveyouafewsecondstoreaditandtheniwantyoutoclapyourhandsifyou'
rereadytotakegaryuponhisoffer.(lightclapping)okay.anybodywho'
sreadytotakehimuponhisoffer.isthatall?
allright,letmeshowyousomemoreaboutthis.(laughter)youguysknewtherewasatrick,didn'
tyou.(honk)nowwho'
sreadytogoonthistrip.(applause)(laughter)ithinkimighthaveactuallyheardmorehands.
allright.nowinfact,youhadobjectivelymoreinformationthefirsttimearoundthanthesecondtimearound,butiwouldventuretoguessthatyoufeltthatitwasmorerealthesecondtimearound.becausethepicturesmadeitfeelmorerealtoyou.whichbringsmetothesecondtechniqueforhandlingthechoiceoverloadproblem,whichisconcretization.thatinorderforpeopletounderstandthedifferencesbetweenthechoices,theyhavetobeabletounderstandtheconsequencesassociatedwitheachchoice,andthattheconsequencesneedtobefeltinavividsortofway,inaveryconcreteway.whydopeoplespendanaverageof15to30percentmorewhentheyuseanatmcardoracreditcardasopposedtocash?
becauseitdoesn'
tfeellikerealmoney.anditturnsoutthatmakingitfeelmoreconcretecanactuallybeaverypositivetooltouseingettingpeopletosavemore.
soastudythatididwithshlomobenartziandalessandroprevitero,wedidastudywithpeopleating--employee
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 完整版 TED 英语演讲 如何 选择 容易