人生存的小故事Word下载.docx
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人生存的小故事Word下载.docx
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企业课程之三
这个故事的寓意是……
1.不是每个在你身上拉屎的都是你的敌人.2.不是每个把你从屎堆中拉出来的都是你的朋友.3.而且,当你陷入深深的屎堆当中(身陷困境)的时候,闭上你的鸟嘴!
阅读详情:
范文七:
作者:
王秋英
家庭报1999年07期
一位学生家长向我讲述了这样一件事。
她的儿子一向学习成绩顶呱呱,很让她这个做母亲的引以为荣。
一次她生病在床,偏偏丈夫出差,好不容易盼到读高二的儿子回家,有个倒杯热水的人了。
没想到儿子放学回家看到冷锅冷灶,一句“我出去吃吧”转身就走了。
回来后像往常一样钻进房间做作业,没有一句知冷知热的话,更没想到卧病在床的妈妈一天滴水未进。
做母亲的伤心感慨,头一次觉得儿子的分数不那么让人安慰。
这使我想到一个有趣却发人深省的现象。
和过去的20年相比,家庭教育被提到前所未有的高度受到前所未有的重视,家长在儿女身上倾注的心血,投入的资本可谓感天动地,而为什么我们从孩子身上得到的越来越少?
为什么孩子们变得越来越麻木冷漠,表现出越来越明显的“情感低能”,对他人、对社会、对理想的责任感越来越稀薄?
“爱的麻痹症”可谓现代独生子女的通病。
这种付出和得到的强烈反差很能说明目前家庭教育中存在的弊端。
长久以来,我们呼吁提倡的都是“学会生存”,重智商、重分数、重学历是家庭教育中的主旋律,家长都希望孩子藉此在竞争激烈的现代社会杀出一条血路来。
于是,当孩子表现出忧伤、恐惧、愤怒的时候,我们并不去刨根问底,并不想搞清楚孩子真正想要的是什么,我们关心的只是孩子会几种特长,在书桌前坐了多少小时以及拿回家的成绩单。
另一方面,为了让孩子为分数全力以赴,做家长的包办了孩子生活中的一切,从整理书包到志向选择。
久而久之,父母的付出和牺牲成了理所当然,孩子体验爱的能力在慢慢消失殆尽,他们从未“饥饿”过,怎知付出的劳顿,得到的珍贵?
他们不会同情弱者,只会崇尚强者;
他们不会体验别人的苦痛,只看到自己的得失;
他们不懂得分享,只追求独立拥有。
他们既不会体验和表达,更不懂得付出和分享,从而慢慢丧失了做人的乐趣和能力,不是他们不愿,而是不能。
于是有了为一己利益坑害他人,为大学学费把贫困边缘的父亲送上公堂的“奇闻怪事”。
情形似乎还不止如此。
当孩子成为获取知识和分数的机器,爱的“消化能力”日益衰竭,心理问题却在急剧上升。
一名五年级男生,从半年前开始一走进教室就觉得嗓子奇痒,吞咽困难,上课时干咳不止。
老师以为他在故意捣乱,但屡教不改。
后来被医生诊断为“神经性咽堵综合症”,主要是由学习紧张、心理压力过大引起的。
近年心理疾病的发病率急剧上升和我们的家庭教育不无关系。
为此,西方心理学家提出应付压力的最好方法是“利他主义”——积极考虑他人,和所有人建立爱的关系。
一个人只有学会关心,学会从“邻居处获取爱”,才能不会失望,也才能学会生存,这是成功的关键。
这一点,恐怕是我们众多家长所没有想到的,也是我们的家庭教育“种瓜得豆”的原因所在吧。
明智的家长们,要想孩子获得生存的能力,打好成功的基石,就让孩子从学会关心开始吧。
范文八:
适者生存
此片语乃一种隐喻,并非科学描述;
生物学家一般不用此片语,而只是称之为自然选择。
evolutionandphilosophydoesevolutionmakemightright?
byjohns.wilkins
johns.wilkins
copyright?
?
1997
summary:
evolution
doesnothavemoralconsequences,anddoesnotmakecosmicpurposeimpossible.
numberofcriticsseetheuseofselectiontheoryinotherthanbiologicalcontextsasforcingmalignpoliticalandmoralcommitments.
aprimeexampleofthisissociobiology,whichissupposedtoresultinsuchthingsaseugenics,racism,andthedeathofthewelfarestate.
sociobiology,andthemorerecentevolutionarypsychologymovement,seekstoexplainhumanbehaviorintermsoftheadaptationsofhumanevolution.gouldespeciallyhasbeenvitriolicinhisattacksonsocio-biologicalexplanations.itisthoughtbysometoresultinacompletelyselfishethicknownasrationalegoism.
anothersuchviewis
theclaimsmadebysocialdarwinistsandtheirheirssufferfromtheethicalfallacyknownas
infact,p>
evolutionarytheorydoesntexcludepurposefromlife,althoughitdoesremovetheneedforpurposivedesignfromalotofthelivingrealm(ie,allbutthegeneticallyengineeredbitofthelivingrealm).thisapparentconfusionisresolvedifweaskofevolutionarytheorytwoquestions:
one,isthereadesignevidentinthestructureoflivingorganisms?
two,isthereauniversalpurposetolifeingeneral?
scienceanswersnotothefirstquestion.designisnotdirectlyevidentinlivingthings,althoughthereisamarvelouscomplexityandadaptivityoflifetoitsenvironment.tothesecondquestion,scienceofanykindanswers:
insufficientinformation.thatkindofansweryougetelsewhere-fromapersonalcommitmentorreligiousbeliefinsomerevelation.
metaphysicsisthenamegiventoabranchofphilosophicalthoughtthatdealswithissuesofthefundamentalnatureofrealityandwhatisbeyondexperience.itliterallymeans
metaphysicalsystemscomeinthreemainflavors:
philosophicalsystems(overallsystemssuchaskantsorhegels,ormorerecentlywhiteheadsorcollingwoods);
ideologies,whichareusuallypolitical,moralorotherpracticalphilosophicalsystems;
andreligionswhichintheirtheologiesattempttocreatecomprehensivephilosophicalstructures.
ametaphysicisoftenderivedfromfirstprinciplesbylogicalanalysis.aristotle,forexample,startedwithananalysisof
religiousmetaphysicsoftenattempttomarryaphilosophicalsystemwithbasicthesesaboutthenatureandpurposeofgod,derivedfromanauthoritativescriptureorrevelation.
insometraditions,metaphysicsisseentobeabadthing,especiallyinthoseviewssometimescalled
reasoningbynumberormattersoffactwasmeresophistryandshouldbeconsignedtotheflames(heexemptedhisownphilosophicalwritings,apparently).thisdistastestemsfromtheexcessesofthemedievalscholastics,whoseoftenemptyformalismwasappliedtoaquinastheologybasedonaristotlesmetaphysics.earlysciencearoseinpartfromtherejectionofthisvapidquibbling.
no-onecandenythatviewssuchasluthersandmarxsrelyuponmetaphysicalassumptionsandmethods.ifviewslikethesecomeintoconflictwithscience,thentherearefouroptions:
changethesciencetosuitthemetaphysics;
changethemetaphysicstosuitthescience;
changebothtofiteachother;
orfindaplaceforthemetaphysicsina
historically,evolutionarysciencegrewoutpartlyfromnaturaltheologysuchaspaleysandchambersargumentsfromdesign,whichdefinedtheproblemsofbiologyintheearly19thcentury[ruse1979:
chapter3].thesewriterssoughtevidenceofgodintheappearanceofdesigninthenaturalworld,yet,onlyacenturylater,whentheevolutionarybiologistjbshaldanewasaskedwhatbiologytaughtofthenatureofgod,heisreportedtohavereplied
allthefurorgeneratedaboutthenatureofchanceinevolutionisbasednotuponchallengestothescientificnatureofthetheory,butupontheneedtofindpurposeineveryfacetofreality[cfdennett1995].often,thisderivesfromreligiousconviction,butsometimesitarisesfromamoreconsideredphilosophicalview.
metaphysicaltheoriestendtofallintotwokinds:
thosethatvieweverythinginnatureastheresultofmind(idealisms)andthosethatviewmindastheresultofmechanismsofnature(naturalisms).onemaytakeanaturalisticapproachtosomethings,andstillbeanidealistinotherdomains;
forexample,onemayacceptwithequanimitythatmindsaretheresultofcertainsortsofphysicalbrainsandstillconsider,say,
societyormoralitytobetheresultoftheworkingsofmind.typically,though,idealismandnaturalismareheldasdistinctandseparatephilosophicaldoctrines.
idealists,includingcreationists,cannotaccepttheviewthatrealitycareslittlefortheaspirations,goals,moralprinciples,painorpleasureoforganisms,especiallyhumans[cf.dawkins1995:
132f].therehastobeapurpose,theysayandevolutionimpliesthereisnopurpose.therefore,theysaythatevolutionisametaphysicaldoctrineofthesametypeas,butopposedto,thesortofreligiousorphilosophicalpositiontakenbytheidealist.worse,notonlyisitnotscience(becauseitsametaphysic,yousee),itsaperniciousdoctrinebecauseitdeniesmind.christiancreationismmayrelyuponaliteralinterpretationofchristianscripture,butitsfoundationistheviewthatgodsmind(will)liesdirectlybehindallphysicalphenomena.anythingthatoccursmusttakeplacebecauseitisimmediatelypartofgodsplan;
theybelievethatthephysicalworldshould,anddoes,provideproofofgodsexistenceandgoodness(extremeprovidentialism).evolution,whichshowsthe
appearanceofdesigndoesnotimplydesign,isseentoundercutthiseternaltruth,andhencetheyarguethatitmustbefalse.intheparticular(actual)demonologyoffundamentalism,itfollowsasa
corollarythatevolutionistheworkofthedevilandhisminions.[note11]
itshouldbenotedthatmanyevolutioniststhinkthatthemerefactandscientifictheoryofevolutioninnowayprohibitsfurthermoralorspiritualmeaning,andmanydonotthinkthatanyparticularpurposetotheuniverseisimpliedjustbyevolution,butrequiressomereligiousorphilosophicalcommitment.
philosophersofsciencemostlyconcludethatscienceismetaphysicsneutral,followingthecatholicphysicistpierreduhem[1914].sciencefunctionsthesamewayforhindusasforcatholics,forfrenchmenasforamericans,forcommunistsasfordemocrats,allowingforlocalisedvariationsthatareironedoutafterawhile.however,sciencedoesindeedruleoutvariousreligiousetiologicalmyths(originstories),andoftenforcestherevisionofhistoricalandmedicalstoriesusedinthemythologyofareligion.andwhencosmologiesaregiveninancientscripturesthatinvolvesolidheavens,elephantsandscarabbeetles,scienceshowsthemtobeunqualifiedlyfalseasdescriptionsofthephysicalworldasitisobserved.
sciencecanruleoutametaphysicalclaim,then.isevolutionarysciencethereforeametaphysicalweltanschauung(anicepretentiousgermanword
meaningworld-view)?
idontthinkso.manythingsclaimedbymetaphysicalviewssuchasfundamentalistchristianbiblicalliteralismarenotthemselvesmetaphysicalclaims.forexample,theclaimthattheworldisflat(ifmadebyareligioustext)isamatterofexperimentandresearch,notfirstprinciplesandrevelation.if
manyofthosewhodoholdreligiousviewstaketheapproachthattheygettheirreligionfromtheirscripturesandtheirsciencefromthescientificliteratureandcommunity.theythereforetreatthefactualclaimsmadeinthosescripturesthesamewaytheytreatthemetaphysicalviewsofscientists:
asnotgermanetothefunctionofthatsourceofknowledge
[berry1988].doesthefactthatstephenjaygouldadmitstolearningmarxismathisfatherskneeorricharddawkinstobeinganatheistmeanthatevolutioniseithermarxistoratheistic(assomanyimmediatelyandfallaciouslyconclude)?
ofcoursenot.[note12]
ifitwerethecasethatpersonalviewsofscientistsdefinedtheresultsofscientificwork,thenthebroadrangeofmetaphy
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