建筑外文文献及翻译Word格式文档下载.docx
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建筑外文文献及翻译Word格式文档下载.docx
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StudyonHumanResourceAllocation in Multi-ProjectBasedonthePriorityandtheCostofProjects
Lin Jingjing ,Zhou Guohua
SchoolofEconomicsandmanagement,Southwest Jiao tong University ,610031,China
Abstract----Thispaperput forward theaffectingfactorsofproject’s priority.whichisintroduced intoamulti-objective optimizationmodelforhuman resourceallocation inmulti-projectenvironment. Theobjectivesofthemodelwere the minimum costlossdueto thedelay of thetimelimitof theprojects andtheminimum delayof theproject withthehighestpriority.ThenaGeneticAlgorithm tosolve themodelwasintroduced.Finally,anumericalexample wasusedtotestifythe feasibility ofthemodelandthealgorithm.
Index Terms—GeneticAlgorithm,Human ResourceAllocation,Multi-project’sproject’spriority .
1.INTRODUCTION
More andmoreenterprisesarefacingthe challengeofmulti-projectmanagement,whichhasbeen the focusamongresearchesonprojectmanagement.In multi-projectenvironment ,the sharearecompetition ofresourcessuch ascapital,timeandhumanresourcesoftenoccur.Therefore,it’s critical toscheduleprojectsinordertosatisfythe differentresource demandsandtoshortentheprojects’ durationtimewith resourcesconstrained,asin[1].Formanyenterprises,thehumanresources arethe mostprecious asset .Soenterprises shouldreasonablyandeffectivelyallocateeachresource ,especially thehuman resource,in orderto shortenthe timeandcostof projectsandtoincreasethebenefits.Some literatureshavediscussedtheresource allocationproblemin multi-project environment withresourcesconstrained.Reference [1] designed aniterative algorithm andproposedamathematicalmodel oftheresource-constrainedmulti-projectscheduling .Basedonworkbreakdownstructure(WBS) andDantzig-Wolfedecompositionmethod,afeasible multi-projectplanningmethodwasillustrated, as in [2].References[3,4] discussedtheresource-constrainedprojectschedulingbased onBranchDelimitationmethod .Reference[5]putforwardtheframework ofhumanresourceallocationinmulti-projectinLong-term,medium-termand short-termas wellas researchand development(R&
D) environment.BasedonGPSSlanguage, simulation modelof resourcesallocationwasbuilttogetthe project’sdurationtime andresourcesdistribution,as in[6].Reference[7]solvedtheengineeringproject’s resourcesoptimization problemusingGeneticAlgorithms.These literaturesreasonablyoptimized resourcesallocationinmulti-project,butallhadthesameprerequisitethattheproject’simportanceis thesametoeach other.Thispaperwill analyzetheeffects of project’spriorityonhumanresourceallocation ,which istobeintroducedintoamathematicalmodel;
finally,a GeneticAlgorithmisusedtosolvethemodel.
2.EFFECTS OFPROJECTS PRIORITY ONHUMANRESOUCEALLOCATION ANDTHEAFFECTINGFACTORSOFPROJECT’SPRIORITY
Resourcesharingisoneofthemain characteristics ofmulti-project management.The allocationofsharedresourcesrelatesto the efficiency andrationalityoftheuseofresources.When resourceconflictoccurs,theresourcedemandoftheprojectwithhighestpriorityshouldbesatisfiedfirst. Onlyafterthat, canthe projects withlowerprioritybeconsidered.
Based ontheideaofprojectclassificationmanagement,thispaperclassifiesthe affecting factorsofproject’s priority intothreecategories ,astheproject’sbenefits,thecomplexity ofprojectmanagementandtechnology,and thestrategicinfluenceon theenterprise’sfuturedevelopment.The priorityweightoftheprojectis the function oftheabovethree categories,asshownin (1). W=f(I,c,s…)
(1)
Wherewreferstoproject’spriority weight;
I referstothebenefits oftheproject;
crefers tothecomplexityoftheproject,including thetechnologyandmanagement;
sreferstotheinfluence ofthe projectonenterprise.Thebigger thevaluesofthethree categories,the higherthepriorityis.
3.HUMANRESOURCEALLOCATIONMODELINMULTI-PROJECTENVIRONMENT
3.1ProblemDescription
According totheconstrainttheory,theenterpriseshouldstrictlydifferentiatethe bottleneck resourcesandthenon-bottleneckresourcestosolvetheconstraintproblemof bottleneckresources.Thispaperwillstresson thelimitedcriticalhumanresourcesbeingallocatedtomulti-project withdefinitedurationtimes andpriority.
Tosimplifytheproblem,wesupposethatthatthreeexistseveralparallelprojects anda shared resources storehouse,andtheenterprise’s operationonlyinvolves onekindof criticalhuman resources. Thesupply ofthecriticalhumanresourceislimited,whichcannotbeobtainedbyhiringoranyotherwaysduringa certainperiod .whenresourceconflict among parallelprojectsoccurs,we mayallocate thehumanresourceto multi-projectaccording toproject’spriorities.Theallocationofnon-criticalindependenthumanresources isnot consideredin this paper,whichsupposesthattheindependentresources thateachprojectneedscanbesatisfied.
Engineeringprojectsusuallyneedmassive critical skilledhuman resourcesinsome criticalchain ,whichcannotbesubstitutedbythe other kind ofhumanresources.Whenthecriticalchainsofprojectsatthesametimeduring someperiod,there occur resourceconflict andcompetition.The paperalsosupposesthatthe corresponding networkplanningofvariousprojectshavealreadybeenestablished,and thepeaksofeachproject’sresourcesdemandhavebeenoptimized.Thedelayofthe criticalchain willaffectthewholeproject’sdurationtime .
3.2 ModelHypotheses
Thefollowing hypotheses helpusto establish a mathematicalmodel:
(1)The numberofmutuallyindependent projects involvedinresourceallocationproblemin multi-projectis N.Each projectis indicatedwith Qi,whilei=1,2,…N.
(2)Thepriorityweightsofmulti-projecthavebeendetermined,which are respectivelyw1,w2…wn.
(3)Thetotal number ofthe criticalhumanresourcesis R,withrkstanding foreachperson,whilek=1,2, …,R
(4)Δki=
(5)Resourcescapturingby severalprojects beginsontime.tEiistheexpected durationtimeofprojectIthatneedsthe criticalresourcestofinishsometaskaftertimet,onthepremise thatthehumanresourcesdemandcan besatisfied .tAiistherealdurationtimeofprojectIthat needsthecriticalresourcetofinishsometaskaftertimet.
(6)Accordingtothecontract,ifthedelayofthe projecthappensthedailycost lossdue tothedelayis△ciforprojectI.Accordingtotheproject’s importance ,thedelay ofaprojectwillnotonlycausethecostloss ,but willalsodamage theprestigeand statusoftheenterprise.(while thelatentcostisdifficultto quantify,itisn’tconsideredinthisarticle temporarily.)
(7)Fromthe hypothesis(5) ,wecanknow thataftertimet ,thetime-gapbetweentherealandexpected durationtimeofprojectIthatneedsthecriticalresourcestofinish sometaskis △ti,(△ti=tAi-tEi).For thereexistsresourcescompetition, thetime–gapis necessarilya positivenumber.
(8)Accordingtohypotheses(6) and(7),thetotalcost lossofproject IisCi (Ci=△ti*△Ci).
(9)The durationtimeofactivitiescan be expressedbythe workloadofactivitiesdividedby thequantity of resources,whichcanbeindicated with followingexpressionof tAi=ηi/Ri*,.Intheexpression,ηireferstothe workload of projects Iduringsomeperiod,whichis supposedto befixed and pre-determinedbytheprojectmanagersonprojectplanningphase;
Ri* refers tothenumberofthecriticalhumanresources beingallocatedtoprojectsIactually,withtheequationRi*=
existing. Due totheresourcecompetitiontheresource demandsofprojects withhigher
Prioritiesmaybeguarantee, whilethoseprojectswith lower prioritiesmaynotbefullyguaranteed. Inthissituation,the decreaseoftheresourcesupplywill lead to theincreaseofthedurationtimeof activities and theproject,whiletheworkloadisfixed.
3.3OptimizationModel
Basedontheabove hypotheses,theresourceallocationmodelin multi-projectenvironmentcan beestablished .Here,theoptimizationmodel is:
Fi=min Zi=min
=min
(2)
=min
=minZ2=min
=min
(3)
Wherewj=max(wi),(
) (4)
Subjectto :
0
=R (5)
Themodelis amulti-objective one.Thetwoobjectivefunctionsarerespectivelyto minimizethetotalcostloss ,whichistoconformtotheeconomictarget,andtoshorten thetimedelayoftheprojectwith highestpriority.Thefirstobjectivefunctioncan only optimizethe apparenteconomiccost;
thereforethesecondobjectivefunction willhelptomakeupthis limitation.Fortheproject with highestpriority,timedelaywilldamagenot onlytheeconomicbenefits,butalsothestrategyandtheprestigeofthe enterprise .Thereforeweshouldguaranteethatthemostimportantprojectbe finishedontimeoraheadofschedule .
4.SOLUTIONTOTHEMULTI-OBJECTIVEMODELUSINGGENETIC ALGORITHM
4.1The multi-objectiveoptimizationproblemisquitecommon.Generally,eachobjectiveshould beoptimizedinorderto getthecomprehensive objective optimized.Thereforetheweightofeachsub-objectiveshouldbeconsidered.Reference[8]proposed animprovedantcolonyalgorithmtosolvethisproblem.Supposedthatthe weightsofthetwooptimizingobjectives areαandβ,whereα+β=1.Thenthecomprehensive goalisF* ,whereF*=αF1+βF2.
4.2ThePrinciple ofGeneticAlgorithm
GeneticAlgorithmrootsfrom the conceptsof natural selectionandgenetics.It’sarandomsearch techniqueforglobaloptimizationin acomplexse
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