中学英语宾语从句语法讲解.docx
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中学英语宾语从句语法讲解.docx
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中学英语宾语从句语法讲解
中学英语宾语从句语法讲解
[宾语从句歌诀]
宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。
展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。
特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。
留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。
[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
如:
Weknew(that)weshouldlearnfromeachother.
2.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
如:
Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.
3.由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
如:
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice?
二、三关
1.引导词关
如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2.语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。
如:
Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid(that)hewasanhonestboy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。
如:
Doesheworkhard?
Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.
Whendidheleave?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.
3.时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
如:
Ihaveheard(that)hewillcomebacknextweek.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。
如:
Hesaid(that)therewerenoclassesyesterday.
注意:
如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。
如:
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1.从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。
如:
“MayIuseyourknife?
”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.
“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?
”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.
2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。
如:
Whowillgiveusatalk?
Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.
Doyouknow?
Wheredoeshelive?
→Doyouknowwherehelives?
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。
因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。
如:
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.(时间状语从句)
Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.(宾语从句)
五、从句的简化
1.当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如:
Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.
2.当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
如:
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.
3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。
如:
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?
→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.
3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.
Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.
4.CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow___________________________French.
5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Tellme.
Tellme______thechildren____________games.
6.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.
7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?
8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow______________hercar?
9.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered__________often________about.
10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.
11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.
12.What'shisname?
Iaskedhim.
Iaskedhimwhat_______________.
13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?
Pleasetellme.
Pleasetellme__________________________________.
14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?
Heaskedtheboys.
Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.
15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
二、选择填空。
()1.WhatdidMikesay?
Hesaid____________________.
A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasit
C.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring
()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.
A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon
C.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry
()3.Letmetellyou__________________.
A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost
C.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar
()4.Peterknew_______________.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebook
B.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis
()5.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyoulive B.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingfor D.whereyoulivein
()6.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleave
C.whyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft
()7.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.rise B.rose C.rises D.hadrisen
()8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot
()9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.
A.whatwasthematter B.whatthematterwas
C.whatthematteris D.what'sthematter
()10.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappens B.wheredidithappen
C.howithappened D.howdidithappen
()11.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddo B.whatshouldwedo
C.howtodoit D.whattodoit
()12.Couldyoupleaseteachme_______thecomputer.
A.howcheck B.tocheck C.howtocheck D.tohowchecking
()13.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
()14.─Wheredoyouthink______he_____theTVset?
─Sorry,I'venoidea.
A./,bought B.has,bought C.did,buy D.didbought
()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveyears.
A.how,another B.what,more C.how,other D.what,another
()16.─Couldyoutellme______?
─Yes.He____totheUSA.
A.whereishe/hasbeen B.whereheis/hasgone
C.wherewashe/hasbeen D.wherehewas/hasgone
()17.─Mikewantstoknowif____apicnictomorrow.
─Yes.Butifit_______,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.
A.youhave/willrain B.youwillhave/willrain
C.youwillhave/rains D.willyouhave/rains
()18.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.
A.finds/arrives B.finds/willarrive
C.willfind/willarrive D.willfind/arrives
()19.MissLiusaid______shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster”sdesk.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
()20.Heaskedme_______.
A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCup
B.whenwastheAPECmeetingheld
C.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTO
D.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld
()21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper______WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
()22.Youmustremember_______.
A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersay
C.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid
()23.Idon”tknow______.
A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIlive
C.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein
()24.--Doyouknowwhenhe______back?
--Sorry,Idon”t.Whenhe_______back,I”lltellyou.
A.comes;comesB.comes;willcome
C.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome
()25Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
()26Marysaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone
C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
()27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aPEclasstoday.
A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
()28.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
()29.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
()30.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
三、用合适的连接词填空。
1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)
2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?
(who,whom)
3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)
4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.(how,who)
5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.(howlong,howsoon)
6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.(if,whether)
7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)
8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.(where,what)
9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)
10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?
(why,what)
四、句型转换。
1.“Doyouwanttotryit?
”Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同义句)→
Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.
2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.(改为否定句)→
I_______________this________agoodidea.
3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.(改为复合句)→
Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.
4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.(改为简单句)→
Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.
5.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome,_____________?
(改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.
2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?
3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?
4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.
5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.
6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______(work).
7.Hesaidthathe_________(finish)hisworkalready.
8.Theythoughttheycould_______(hike)tothetopofthemountain.
9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____(help)him.
10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.
宾语从句参考答案:
一、1.that,were2.that,tra
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