初中英语时态.docx
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初中英语时态.docx
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初中英语时态
初中英语时态归纳复习
一、一般现在时:
使用语境:
经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如:
Theskyisblue.
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:
Igetupatsixeveryday.
3.表示客观现实。
如:
Theearthgoesaroundthesun.
4.在when,before,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句和if,until引导的条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。
如:
IwillcallyouwhenIarriveattheairport.
PleaseletmeknowifyoucometoChina.
时间状语:
always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.
基本结构:
1.be动词;am/is/are如:
Iamaboy.
2.行为动词;:
动词原形、动词三单形式;如:
WestudyEnglish.
否定形式:
①am/is/are+not;如:
Heisnotaworker.
此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
如:
Idon'tlikebread.Hedoesn'toftenplay.
一般疑问句:
①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
如:
-Doesshegotoworkbybike?
-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.
特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:
Howdoesyourfathergotowork?
动词第三人称单数的规则变化
规则一、一般在词尾加-s。
如:
looks,puts.reads,sees,skis等。
规则二、以-o,-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的加-es。
如:
goes,does,misses,passes,mixes,fixes,pushes,wishes,watches,teaches,等。
规则三、以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-es。
注意一定是辅音字母加y才变,若是元音字母加y,则直接加-s。
如:
fly→flies,try→tries,fry→fries,copy→copiesbuy→buys,enjoy→enjoys,play→plays,say→says,pay→pays
(一)用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.
2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.
3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.
4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.
5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?
6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?
7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?
8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.
9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.
10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.
(二)按照要求改写句子。
1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________
2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)________________________________________________________
3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)
___________________________
4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)___________________________________________________
5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________________
(三)单项选择。
1.Theteacher________ustocometoschoolontime.
A.askB.askingC.asksD.asked
2.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifit_____tomorrow.
A.don'trainB.doesn'trainC.won'trainD.rain
3.WeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyou_____backnextweek.
A.wilcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.come
4.Thepicture_______nice.
A.looksB.islookedC.lookD.islooking
5.They_____theofficeintimeeverymorning.
A.reachtoB.arrivedC.wentD.getto
二、一般过去时:
使用语境:
过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:
ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.
基本结构:
1.be动词:
⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。
2are在一般过去时中变为were。
2.行为动词:
动词过去式
否定形式:
⑴was/were+not;
(2)行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
如:
Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.
一般疑问句:
⑴was或were放于句首;如:
Wereyouastudent?
(2)助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
如:
DidJimgohomeyesterday?
特殊疑问句:
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?
如:
WhatdidJimdoyesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:
疑问词+动词过去式?
如:
Whowenttohomeyesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:
pull-pulled,cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:
taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:
study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat
(一)写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________fly_______make________does_________dance________
worry________ask_____kick_________pass_______do________
(二)用be动词的适当形式填空。
1.I______anEnglishteachernow.
2.She_______happyyesterday.
3.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.
4.HelenandNancy________goodfriends.
5.Thelittledog_____twoyearsoldthisyear.
6.Look,there________lotsofgrapeshere.
7.There________asignonthechaironMonday.
8.Today_____thesecondofJune.Yesterday______thefirstofJune.It_____Children’sDay.Allthestudents______veryexcited.
(三)句型转换。
1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.
否定句:
________________________________________________
一般疑问句:
____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:
__________________________________________
2.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.
否定句:
________________________________________________
一般疑问句:
____________________________________________
肯、否定回答:
__________________________________________
(四)行为动词的过去时练习
1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.
2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.
3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)
4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?
5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?
Yes,he______.
6.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlastmorning?
She__________(find)abeautifulbutterfly.
三、一般将来时:
使用语境:
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:
tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.
基本结构:
①am/is/are/goingto+do;Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.(主观,近期,有计划)
②will/shall+do;He will be twenty years old.(客观,远期,有条件)
beaboutto+do;The film is about to begin. (不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用)
进行时态bedoing表示将来,在英语中有一些词如go,come,arrive,leave等表示位移的动词我们常用它的进行时态表示将来。
主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作,
如:
Wearemovingtoadifferenthotelthedayaftertomorrow.
否定形式:
在be动词(am,is,are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如:
I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.
一般疑问句:
①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
例如:
Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?
特殊疑问句:
1.问人。
Who例如:
I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.
2.问干什么。
What…do.例如:
Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.
3.问什么时候。
When.例如:
She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?
如何比较begoingto与will的使用:
1begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will表示的将来时间则较远一些。
如:
Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.
2begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
如:
Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.
3begoingto含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will则没有这个意思
如:
Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.
4有条件从句的主句中不用begoingto,而用will,
如:
Ifanybeastscomeatyou,I'llstaywithyouandhelpyou.
(一)用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________(have)apicnicthisafternoon.
2.Mybrother_______________(go)toShanghainextweek.
3.Tomoften______________(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayhe______________(go)toschoolbybike.
4.What______________(do)nextSunday?
5.Mary____________(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.
6.LiuTao____________(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.
7.I________________(plan)formystudynow.
8.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.
(二)单项选择
1.There__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.
A.willbegoingtoB.willgoingtobeC.isgoingtobeD.willgotobe
2.Charlie________herenextmonth.
A.isn’tworkingB.doesn’tworkingC.isn’tgoingtoworkingD.won’twork
3.He________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.
A.willbe;isB.is;isC.willbe;willbeD.is;willbe
4.There________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.
A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe
5.–________you________freetomorrow?
–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.
A.Are;goingto;willB.Are;goingtobe;will
C.Are;goingto;willbeD.Are;goingtobe;willbe
6.Mother________meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.
A.willgivesB.willgiveC.givesD.give
四、过去将来时:
使用语境:
立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:
thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.
基本结构:
1was/were/goingto+do:
Ididn’t know if he would come.
2would/should+do:
They never knew that population would become a big problem.
否定形式:
①was/were/not+goingto+do;
②would/should+not+do.
一般疑问句:
1.was或were放于句首;2.would/should提到句首。
常见结构区别:
(一)“would+动词原形”。
常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。
例如:
Hesaidhewouldcometoseeme.他说他要来看我。
HetoldmehewouldgotoBeijing.他告诉我他将去北京。
(二)“was/were+goingto+动词原形”。
常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。
Shesaidshewasgoingtostartoffatonce.她说她将立即出发。
Iwastoldthathewasgoingtoreturnhome.有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。
例如:
Itseemedasifitwasgoingtorain.看来好像要下雨。
(三)come,go,leave,arrive,start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。
Hesaidthetrainwasleavingatsixthenextmorning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
Shetoldmeshewascomingtoseeme.她告诉我她要来看我。
(四)条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。
例如:
Ididn’tknowwhenshewouldcome,butwhenshecameIwouldletyouknow.
我不知道她什么时候来,但她来了我会告诉你。
TheteachersaidthatitwouldbeverydifficulttomakeprogressifIdidn’tworkhard.
老师说,如果我不努力学习的话,就很难取得进步。
I. 选择填空
1.Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.
A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come
2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.
A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend
3. —What did your son say in the letter?
—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.
A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time th
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