Summary of Verb PatternsWord文档格式.docx
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Summary of Verb PatternsWord文档格式.docx
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VP16……Vb×
VP17……Vb×
Gerund,etc.
VP18……Vb×
DirectObject×
Preposition×
PrepositionalObject
VP19……Vb×
IndirectObject×
VP20……Vb×
(for)×
ComplementofDistance,Time,Price,etc.
VP21……Vbalone
VP22……Vb×
Predicative
VP23……Vb×
AdverbialAdjunct
VP24……Vb×
VP25……Vb×
VerbPattern1
VerbmarkedVP1maybeusedwithasimpledirectobjectwhichisanounorpronoun(Cf.VP17fortheuseofgerunds).
Examples:
Subject×
Verb
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Hecut
Wehavealreadyhad
Hedoesnotlike
Wealwaysdo
Iwant
Welit
Theywerethrowing
Ababycannotdress
Helaughed
Shesmiled
Idug
hisfinger.
breakfast.
coldweather.
that.
six.
afire.
stones.
itself.
amerrylaugh.
herthanks
ahole.
VerbPattern2
VerbmarkedVP2maybefollowedby(not)toandanInfinitive.Theto×
Infinitiveisusuallyregardedastheobjectoftheverb.Forexamplesofintransitiveverbs(e.g.be,happen,come)followedbyto×
InfinitiveseeVP25.Cf.VP17B.
Hewants
Ihavepromised
Theydecided
Didyouremember*
Heagreed
Haveyou
Wouldyoucare
Hepretended
togo.
tohelpthem.
nottogo.
toshutthewindows?
topayforit.
togotoschooltoday?
togoforawalk?
nottoseeme.
*SeerememberinVP17A,GroupA,example3.
VerbPattern3
VerbsmarkedVP3maybefollowedbyanounorpronounandby(not)toandaninfinitive.(Cf.VP10forsentencesinwhichtheto×
infinitiveisshortforinorderto×
infinitive.)
NounorPronoun
Iasked
Itold
Pleasehelp*
Helikes
Yourteacherexpects
Iwarned
Heallowed
Theyhaveneverknown*
me
him
theservant
hiswife
you
thesoldiers
tobeearly.
nottodoit.
toopenthewindows.
tocarrythisbox.
todresswell.
toworkhard.
nottobelate.
totakehimprisoner.
tobehavesobadly.
*Cf.examples6and4inVP5.
Notethepassiveconstruction:
3.Theservantwastoldtoopenthewindow.
7.Hewaswarnednottobelate.
VerbPattern4
VerbsmarkedVP4maybefollowedbyanounorpronoun,tobe(oftenomitted),andacomplement.SentencesinVP4mayalsobeconstructedinVP11.
(tobe)
Theybelieved
Doyouconsider
Iconsider
Tom’steacherthinks
Weproved
her
it
innocent.
honest?
ashame.
thecleverestboyintheclass.
wrong.
1.Hewasbelieved(tobe)innocent.
2.Issheconsidered(tobe)honest?
NotethesamesentencesinVP11:
1.Theybelieved(that)hewasinnocent.
2.Doyouconsider(that)sheishonest?
VerbPattern5
VerbsmarkedVP5areusedinawaysimilartothatinwhichverbsmarkedVP3areusedbutwiththeimportantdifferencethattoisomittedbeforetheinfinitive.(Cf.Allowmetogo.Letmego.)Thoseverbsinthispatternwhicharecalledverbsofperception(i.e.verbsofseeing,hearing,etc.)mayalsobeusedinVP6.
12
Imade
Let
Wemustnotlet
Theyhaveneverknow*
Iwillhave
Willyouhelp*
Wouldyouhave
Iheard
Wesaw
Theyfelt
Watch
Didandonenotice
thematter
them
thehouse
thethief
doit.
go!
resthere.
behavesobadly.
dothework.
carrythisbox?
believethat?
comein.
goout.
shake.
leavethehouse?
*Cf.examples9and4inVP3.
1.Hewasmadetodoit.
4.Hehasneverbeenknowntobehavesobadly.
9.Theywereseentogoout.
Inexamples8to12,VP6mightalsobeused.‘Isawhimgoout’means‘HewentoutandIsawhim’and‘Isawhimgoingout’means‘HewasgoingoutwhenIsawhim’
VerbPattern6
VerbsmarkedVP6maybefollowedbyanounorapronounandapresentparticle.InthecaseofverbsofperceptionVP5mayalsobeused.(Seethenoteonexamples8to12above.)
Hekept
Ifound
Theyleft
Wewatched
Doyoufeel
Canyousmell
Isaw
thetrain
something
waiting.
workingathisdesk.
Standingoutside.
Givingorders.
Leavingthestation.
Shaking?
Burning?
Runningoff.
1.Iwaskeptwaiting.
4.Hewasheardgivingorders.
VerbPattern7
VerbsmarkedVP7maybefollowedbyanobjectandobjectcomplementwhichisanadjective.
Object
Don’t
Thesunkeeps
Get
Don’tmake
Wepainted
Theyset
Canyoupush
Thecoldweatherturned
Hewished
yourclothes
us
yourself
thebox
thedoor
theprisoners
theleaves
himself
dirty.
warm.
ready.
uneasy.
empty.
green.
free.
open?
red.
dead.
5.Theboxwasfoundempty.
6.Thedoorwaspaintedgreen.
7.Theprisonersweresetfree.
VerbPattern8
VerbsmarkedVP8maybefollowedbyanobjectandanobjectcomplementwhichisanoun.
Theyelected
Thepeoplecrowned
Theychose
Wecall
Theynamed
Theymade
Theycall
Richard
MrSmith
thedog
theirson
Newton
king.
king
chairman
“Spot”.
Henry.
PresidentofRoyalSociety
cowards
1.Hewaselectedking.
6.NewtonwasmadePresidentoftheRoyalSociety.
VerbPattern9
VerbsmarkedVP9maybefollowedbyanobjectandapastparticiple.
Youmustget
Wheredidyouhave
Shehad
Haveyoueverheard
Hisactionsmade
KingCharlesIhad
Thesoldierhad
yourhair
anewdress
Italian
hishead
twohorses
cut.
printed?
made.
spoken?
respected.
cutoff.
shotunderhim.
Notethatinthispattern,theactionorstatenamedbythepastparticiplemayormaynotbeinaccordancewiththewillofthesubject.
VerbPattern10
VerbsmarkedVP10maybefollowedbyanobjectandanadverboranadverbialphrase(includingadverbialinfinitivesmeaninginorderto…).Seealsothenotesontheadverbialparticlesforthealternativepositionoftheparticle(precedingtheobject).
Put
Hetook
Hehasgiven
MrSmithshowed
weemployed
Theytreat
Hebrought
Theyled
Idon’tknow
hishat
theirsister
hisbrother
themedicine
here.
off.
away.
tothedoor.
asacook.
asifshewereonlyaservant.
toseeme.
inordertogetwell.
tobelievethattherewasnodanger.
tospeakto
Notethepassiveconstructions:
4.Iwasshowntothedoor(byMrSmith).
6.Theirsisteristreatedasifshewereonlyaservant.
VerbPattern11
VerbsmarkedVP11maybefolloweddirectlybyathat-clause.
(that)×
Ihope
Isuppose
Heexplained
Doyouthink
Hesaw
Isuggested
(that)youwillcome.
(that)youwillbethere.
thatnothingcouldbedone.
(that)itwillrain?
(that)theplanwasuseless.
(that)heshouldleaveearly.
Whenapassiveconstructionisusedforsentencesofthistype,itmaybeusedtoanticipatetheclause.
3.Itwasexplainedthatnothingcouldbedone.
5.Itwasseenthattheplanwasuseless.
Notethatwithsomeverbs(e.g.believe,hope,think,say)itispossibletousesoinplaceofanaffirmativeclauseandnotinplaceofanegativeclause.
E.g.SoInoticed(said,thought,etc.).Ibelieveso.
Ihope(think,believe,etc.)not.
Whensomaybeused,exampleswillbefoundwiththeverbentries.
VerbPattern12
VerbsmarkedVP12maybefollowedbyanounorpronounandathat-clause.
Example:
(that)
×
Wesatisfied
Pleaseremind
theman
ourselves
(that)hewasmistaken.
(that)hewouldbelate.
thattheplanwouldwork.
thathemustbehereearly.
Hashebeentold(warned,reminded,etc.)that…?
Notetheuseofsoinplaceofaclause(asinVP11).
E.g.Itoldyouso!
SoItoldyou!
VerbPattern13
VerbsmarkedVP13maybefollowedbytheconjunctives(exceptwhy)andtoandaninfinitive.
Conjunctive
Iwonder
Ido
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