20xx年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析.docx
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20xx年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析.docx
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20xx年考研英语一真题及参考答案解析
20xx年考研英语一
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank.and
mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosupervisea
seriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnear.
Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting__1__workersproductivity.
Instead,thestudiesended__2__givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”the
extremelyinfluentialideathevery__3__tobeingexperimenteduponchanged
subjects'behavior
Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomeninthe
plant.Accordingto__5__oftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlighting
wasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneinthe
experiment.__7__somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.A(n)__8__thatthey
werebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__toalterworkers'behavior
__10__itself
Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysis
Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic__13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesin
lighting
1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored
2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off
3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof
4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous
5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments
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6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work
7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas
8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion
9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant
10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by
12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto
13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source
14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading
15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual
16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly
17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued
20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby
choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduring
thepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorable
declineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.
Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageof
fortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-2/23
citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsof
criticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.
Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswere
oncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.
Weareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublished
inEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarII,ata
timewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredan
ornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastaken
forgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabout
theeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewers
whoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,could
betrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasa
calling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshave
brainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,”
Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism'as‘atermofcontempt
appliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.'”
Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowrotefor
theManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnow
knownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,
hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidely
admiredthathisAutobiography(1947)becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin
1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,
andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.
IsthereanychancethatCardus'scriticismwillenjoyarevival?
Theprospect
seemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,and
postmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianprosein
whichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeenin
headlongretreat.
21.
ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that
[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.
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[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.
[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.
[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.
22.
NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby
[A]freethemes.
[B]casualstyle.
[C]elaboratelayout.
[D]radicalviewpoints.
23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagree
on?
[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.
[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.
[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.
[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.
WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?
24.
[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.
[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.
[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.
[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.
25.
Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays
[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers
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[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism
[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory
Text2
TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskinthe
energymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecase
wouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,
andthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould“reconsider”itsstate
streetBankruling。
26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof
[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation
[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyover
authorization
27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?
[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit[D]Itmaychangethelegal
practicesintheU.S。
28.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Paro3)mostprobablymeans
[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaseofhostility
[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdisunity
29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents
[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued
[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks
30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?
[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents
[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders
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[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents
[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents
Text3
Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,theresearchers
studiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingof
populations,manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilityto
influenceothersandtheirtendencytobe。
31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto
[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics
[B]discussinfluentials'functioninspreadingideas
[C]exemplifypeople'sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics
[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials
32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”
[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems
[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends
[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials
[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity
33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat
[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions
[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia
[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic
[D]mostcelebritieaenjoywidemediaattention
34.Theunderlinedphrase“thesepeople”inparagraph4referstotheoneswho
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[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence
[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence
[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers
[D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential
35.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?
[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted[B]Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers
[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D]Theinclinationtorelyonothers
Text4
Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthe
scenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelsetheaccountingstandard-setters.
Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit's
justnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdparty
wouldpay,notthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch。
Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastly
ov
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