情态动词和虚拟语气第02讲A级.docx
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情态动词和虚拟语气第02讲A级.docx
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情态动词和虚拟语气第02讲A级
内容
基本要求
虚拟语气
一、重点掌握if条件句的虚拟语气;
二、重点掌握wish宾语从句的虚拟语气;
三、其它句型的虚拟语气;
四、虚拟语气重点
Task:
要是我当时听了她的劝告就好了。
~~~~(>_<)~~~~
再给一次机会的话,我会做得更好的!
!
!
O(∩_∩)O~
真希望自己是一只小鸟,可以在天空自由的翱翔。
\(^o^)/~
在日常生活中,我们难免会有感慨和希望,那么,在英语中这些句子该如何来表达呢?
别急,试试用虚拟语气的句子吧:
IfIhadfollowedheradvice,Iwouldbebetternow.
IfIhadbeengivenonemoretime,Iwouldhavedoneitbetter.
IwishIwereabird,whocanflyfreelyinthesky.
想学会这样的表达吗,快快来看我们的新知识吧!
!
!
虚拟语气这一考点在高考中的地位越来越重,由原来的一道题,增加到2011年高考的2道题,对if条件句的虚拟语气进行考察之外,还增加了对wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气进行了考察。
因此,我们更应该加强对虚拟语气的重视度。
一、虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中
1、牢记下列表格:
类别
虚拟条件句
主句
例句
与现在事实相反
If+主语+过去式
(be用were)
should
主语+would+do
could
might
Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
与过去事实相反
If+主语+had+done
should
主语+would+havedone
could
might
IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
与将来事实相反
①If+主语+did/were
②If+主语+wereto+do
③If+主语+should+do
should
主语+would+do
could
might
Ifyoucametomorrow,wewouldhavethemeeting.
Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
2、使用虚拟条件句应注意的几点:
(1)当条件状语从句表现的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综虚拟语气”,也叫“混合虚拟语气”也就是根据相应的时间,对主句与从句分别做出虚拟。
Eg:
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,youwouldbebetternow.
Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.
(2)if省略句:
在条件句中可省略If,把were/had/should提到句首,变为倒装句。
Eg:
IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.
→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.
Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.
→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
注意:
若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用动词的缩略形式。
Eg:
Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.
Weren’titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.(×)
(3)含蓄条件句:
为了表达的需要,有时用其他形式来代替If条件句。
Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.
(otherwise=ifIweren’tillthatday,)
Hetelephonedtoinformofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.
(or=ifhehadn’ttelephonedtoinformofyourbirthday,)
用介词(短语)代替条件状语从句。
常用的介词(短语)有:
with,without,butfor。
e.g.Without/Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
注意分析下列句子:
Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.
Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.
Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.
二、其他句式中的虚拟语气
1、牢记表格
状语从句
asif/though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式
Theyaretalkingasif/thoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would等+动词原形
Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.
宾语从句
demand,suggest,order,insist后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形,should可以省略
Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.
Wish从句中分别用:
过去时→现在
过去完成时→过去
should/would+do→将来
IwishIwereabirdandcouldflyintheskyfreely.
IwishIhadmetthefilmstaryesterday.
IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.
主语从句
在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形
Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.
其它句型中
Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should(不能省略)+动词原形
It’shightimethatweleft.
wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式
Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.
Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式,表示强烈的愿望
Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!
Idropcaps和虚拟语气
在表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”或“应当做……”等意义的动词后面的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词需要用虚拟语气,即用“(should)动词原形”来表示。
为了便于记忆,我们可以把这些动词的首字母编成一个短句:
IDROPCAPS.
这些常用的动词是:
insist;demand;desire;decide;request;require;order;propose;command;ask;arrange;advise;prefer;suggest。
现将它们的用法举例如下:
Iinsistedthatheshouldcomewithus.
HecametomyhouseanddemandedthatIshouldhelphim.
Hedesiredthatyoushouldcomeatonce.
Thecommitteedecidedthatnooneshouldbeadmittedwithoutaticket.
Irequestedthatheshouldusehisinfluenceonmybehalf.
Hishealthrequiresthatheshouldgotobedearly.
Thejudgeorderedthattheprisonershouldberemanded.
Iproposedthatweshouldstartearly.
在这些动词后面的从句中使用虚拟语气时应注意如下几点:
(1)这些动词变为被动语态(如:
Itissuggested+that主语从句)形式后,从句的谓语动词仍用“(should)动词原形”。
例如:
Itwasarrangedthattheyshouldleavethefollowingweek.
Itisorderedthatthemedicineshouldbesentsoon.
Itisrequiredthatyoushouldarriveat8a.m.
Ithasbeendesiredthatthemeetingshouldbepostponedtillnextweek.
Itwasdesiredthatthisshouldbepostponedtillnextweek.
(2)由这些动词派生的或转换的名词(如:
suggestion建议;decision决定;demand要求;requirement要求、需要)后面的表语从句和同位语从句的谓语动词仍用“(should)动词原形”。
例如:
Mysuggestionisthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.
TheirdecisionwasthatJohnshouldnotsharetheroomwiththem.
Thedemandisthatmanuscriptsshouldbewrittenononesideonly.
(3)这些动词在不表达“某事必须做或某事重要”这一词义时(如:
suggest暗示、表明;insist坚决认为),后面的宾语从句则不用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气。
比较下面两组句子:
①Heinsistedthattheshouldattendthemeeting.(坚持的事情没做用虚拟)
Sheinsistedthatsheheardsomebodyinthehouse.(坚持的事情做了不用虚拟)
②Shesuggestedthattheyshouldstartearly.
Hersmilesuggestedthatshewassatisfied.
一、If条件句虚拟语气:
注意if条件句和主句的相互呼应。
1、if条件状语从句和主句的时间一致:
根据if条件句的形式来判断主句的形式;根据主句的形式来判断条件状语从句的形式。
特别强调:
注意if省略的情况。
即学即用:
2011年北京高考:
()30.MaybeifI_______science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.
A.studied B.wouldstudy C.hadstudied D.wasstudying
2010年湖南高考
()29.Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.
A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow
2010年浙江高考
()10.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.
A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensaved
C.willbesavedD.wassaved
2、根据题目中的时态提示来确定虚拟的时间,或根据虚拟语气来判断时态,同时不要忽略情态动词+havedone所表示的虚拟语气。
即学即用:
2010年北京高考:
()34.—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.
—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbebetternow!
Andmyvegetables_________.
A.wouldn’tdieB.didn’tdieC.hadn’tdieD.wouldn’thavedie
3、错综时间条件句:
关键注意主从句时间状语是否一致,题目中是否有明确的时间状语,这也是很多同学很容易忽略的一点,细心哦!
2010海淀一模
()29.Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier,theriversoseriouslynow.
A.isnotpollutedB.wouldnotbepolluted
C.hadnotbeenpollutedD.wouldnothavebeenpolluted
4、含蓄虚拟条件句:
在判断含蓄虚拟条件句时要注意哪部分相当于if条件句,哪部分是主句。
即学即用:
2009安徽高考
()34.Butfortheirhelp,wetheprogramintime.
A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinish
C.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinished
2009福建高考
()35.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.
A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewon
C.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon
二、其他虚拟语气:
对于此类虚拟语气,除了要熟记表格之外,最主要的是理解性运用。
1、wish
注意:
wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气比较有规律,虚拟情况比真实情况往前推一个时态。
即学即用:
2011北京高考:
28.—Wherearethechildren?
Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.
—Iwishthey_______alwayslate.
A.weren’t
B.hadn’tbeen
C.wouldn’tbe
D.wouldn’thavebeen
2010年东城一模
27.---Yourcompositionisfullofmistakes.
---IwishImorecareful.
A.wouldhavebeenB.hadbeen
C.wouldbeD.were
2、其他句型中虚拟语气主要是记重点词:
1、IDROPCAPS.想来同学们对这句话并不会感到陌生,句里每个字母代表一个单词:
这些常用的动词是:
insist;demand;desire;decide;request;require;order;propose;command;ask;arrange;advise;prefer;suggest.
通常情况下,句中出现这些动词,以及其变形(名词或V-ed形式),句中用虚拟语气,谓语动词部分用should+do来表示,其中should可以省略。
特别强调:
当suggest意为“暗示、表明”时,insist意为“坚持认为(观点)”时,用正常时态。
即学即用:
1.MysisteradvisedmethatI________accepttheinvitation.
A.couldB.mustC.shouldD.might
2.Iinsistedthathe________atonce.
A.begoneB.goC.wouldgoD.mightgo
3.Itisquitenaturalthatmycominglateagain________themveryangry.
A.hadmadeB.wouldmakeC.makesD.make
补充知识点:
在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…,Itisnowonder/goodnews/apity…Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形
3、asif/though;wouldrather;ifonly后的从句中虚拟语气用过去时或过去完成时表示。
即学即用:
2010年江苏高考
34.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.
A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused
1.IfI____wherehelived,I____anotetohim.
A.knew,wouldsendB.hadknown,wouldhavesent
C.know,wouldsendD.knew,wouldhavesent
2.Ifthey____earlierthanexpected,they____herenow.
A.hadstarted,wouldbeB.started,mightbe
C.hadstarted,wouldhavebeenD.willstart,mighthavebeen
3.Maryisilltoday.Ifshe_____,she____absentfromschool.
A.werenotill;wouldn'tbeB.hadbeenill;wouldn'thavebeen
C.hadbeenill;shouldhavebeenD.hadn'tbeenill;couldbe
4.I________himtheanswer________possible,butIwassobusythen.
A.couldtell;ifithadbeenB.musthavetold;wereit
C.shouldhavetold;haditbeenD.shouldhavetold;shoulditbe
5.Withoutyourhelp,we________somuch.
A.won'tachieveB.didn’tachieve
C.don'tachieveD.wouldn'thaveachieved
6.Youdidn'ttakehisadvice.________hisadvice,you________suchamistake.
A.Hadyoutaken;wouldn'thavemade
B.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldmake
C.Wereyoulotake;shouldn’thavemade
D.Haveyoutaken;won’thavemade
7.Wewishwe____whatyoudidwhenwewereathighschool.
A.didB.couldhavedoneC.haddoneD.shoulddo
8.Shewishesshe____tothetheatrelastnight.
A.wentB.wouldgoC.hadgoneD.weregoing
9.Tomisveryshortnow.Hismotherwishesthathe________betallwhenhegrowsup.
A.couldB.canC.wouldD.wereableto
10.Heasksthathe________anopportunitytoexplainwhyhe’srefusedtogothere.
A.isgivenB.mustgiveC.shouldgiveD.begiven
11.Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.
A.
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