届高考英语中国元素之阅读理解 中国文化二.docx
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届高考英语中国元素之阅读理解 中国文化二.docx
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届高考英语中国元素之阅读理解中国文化二
2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解中国文化
(二)
一、
Formorethan2,000yearstheChinesepeoplehavebeenguidedbytheidealsofConfucianism.ItsfounderandgreatestteacherwasConfucius,whosehumanephilosophyalsoinfluencedthecivilizationofallofeasternAsia.ManylegendswerespreadtoillustrateConfucius’beliefs.Accordingtoonestory,heandhisfollowers passed a cemeterywhereawomanwasweepingatagraveside.Shetoldthemshewascryingbecause“myhusband’sfatherwaskilledherebyatiger,andmyhusbandalso,andnowmysonhasmetthesamefate”.Whentheyaskedherwhyshedidnotleavesuchafatalspot,sheansweredthatinthisplacetherewasnooppressivegovernment.“Rememberthis,mychildren,”saidConfucius,“oppressivegovernmentisfiercerandmorefearedthanatiger”.
Insuchteachingandwithsuchwisesayings,Confuciustriedtobringpeoplearespectforthe teachings of the wise men of older generations. Healwayssaidofhimselfthathewasa“transmitter,notamaker”.Hecollectedandeditedthepoetry,themusic,andthehistoricalwritingsofwhatheconsideredthegoldenage.
Confuciuslaidnoclaimtobeingmorethanaman.Yetwhenhediedhewasadmiredalmostasgod.TempleswereconstructedinhishonorineverycityofChina.HisgraveatKufow,inwhatisnowShandongProvince,becameaplaceofpilgrimage.
ThoughConfucianismiscommonlycalledareligion,itisratherasystemofmoralconduct.ConfuciusdidnottalkofGodbutofgoodness.Hedidnotteachaboutanygod,simplysaying,“Respectthegods,buthaveaslittletodowiththemaspossible.”Hisattentionwascenteredonmakingpeoplebetterintheirlifetime,andhisAnalectsarewisesayingssimilartotheProverbsintheBible.
ConfuciusistheLatinizedformofthephilosopher’sChinesename,whichwasK’ung-fu-tzu,meaningMasterK’ung.Hewasborninapoorbutnoblefamily.Hisfatherdiedwhentheboywas3yearsold.Whenhewasonly6,peoplenotedhisfondnessforsettingoutsacrificesandforceremony.Afterhismarriageatage19,heworkedforthegovernorofhisdistrict,firstakeeperofstoresandthenasanoverseerofparksandlivestock.Attheageof22hebeganhislifeasateacherbyestablishingaschool.Heacceptedvaluableaidfromsomeofhisstudents,but he also welcomedstudentswhocouldaffordtopayonlyasmallfee.
After some years of teaching and travel, he settled in Shandong for 15 years. When hewas52yearsold,hewasrewardedwithanappointmentasgovernorofaprovinceandneverfailedtowinthecredithedeserved.Heperformedhistasksowellthataneighboringgovernorbecamejealous.Later,Confuciustraveledaroundotherkingdomsandwanderedaboutfor13years.Eventually,hereturnedtohisnativestateofLuinhis69thyearanddiedthreeyearslater.
1.ThestoryofthewomaninPara.1ismentionedtoshow________.
A.Confuciuswascreativeandsympathetic
B.thegovernmentthenwasfiercerthanatiger
C.Confucius’sbeliefsareverypopular
D.Confuciusoftenwantedtoinfluencepeople
2.Accordingtotheauthor,Confuciushimself________.
A.wastiredofspreadinghisteachingsinhislateyear.
B.wasnotinterestedinreformingthesociety
C.didnotwantpeopletoworshiphimasgod
D.showedgreatdisrespectforthenoblefamilies
3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinPara.4mean?
A.Confucianismisdifferentfromcommonreligion.
B.Godblessesthosewhoshowrespectandgoodness.
C.Peopleareadvisedtokeepadistancefromgods.
D.Confuciushighlightstheimportanceofvirtue.
4.Intheeyesoftheauthor,Confucius’politicallife________.
A.washighlysuccessful
B.turnedouttobeasurprise
C.wasboundtofailbecauseofhisbelief
D.wasnotsoimportantashisteachinglife
5.AsregardsConfuciusandhisteachings,thetoneofthepassageismarkedwith________.
A.objectivespiritB.deepadmiration
C.greatopennessD.obvioussurprise
二、
TheTorchFestival(火把节)isatraditionalfestivalwhichiscelebratedamongsomeethnicgroupsinsouthwesternChina,suchastheYi,Bai,Hani,Lisu,andLahu,etc.Itusuallyfallsonthe24thor25thofJune,withthreedaysofcelebrations.Thefestivalcamefromworship(崇拜)offirebyancestors(祖先).Forsomeethnicgroups,it’satraditioninthefestivalforelderstosharefarmingexperiencewithyoungpeopleandeducatethemabouttakingcareofcrops.
Duringthefestival,bigtorchesaremadetostandinallvillages,withsmalltorchesplacedinfrontofthedoorofeachhouse.Whennightfalls,thetorchesarelitandthevillagesarebright.Atthesametime,peoplewalkaroundthefieldsandhouses,holdingsmalltorchesandplacingtheminthefieldcorners.Insidethevillages,youngpeoplearesinginganddancingaroundthebigtorchesthatkeepburningthroughoutthenight.Otheractivitieslikehorseracesarealsoheldduringthefestival.
InahorseraceoftheYipeopleinYunnan,torchesareusedtoformhurdlesforriderstogetthrough.TheHanipeopleinYunnantraditionallytiefruitstotorcheswithstrings.Whenthestringsarebrokenafterthetorchesarelit,peoplestruggleforthefruitsforgoodluck.
FortheLisupeopleinSichuan,thefestivalisanoccasionforholdingtorchparades.Bigtorchesarecarriedbyteamsofpeople,whichislikeafiredragon.Ifdifferentteamsmeet,it’satraditiontoexchangethebigtorcheswithoneanother.
1.WhatcanweknowabouttheTorchFestivalfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Ithasnothingtodowithfarming.
B.Itscelebrationsusuallylasttwodays.
C.ItisatraditionalfestivalofallChina.
D.Itisafestivaltoshowworshipoffire.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph1referto?
A.AncestorsB.YoungpeopleC.EldersD.Ethnicgroups
3.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?
A.Whythefestivalisenjoyed.
B.Wherethefestivaliscelebrated.
C.Howthefestivaliscelebrated.
D.Whattorchesareusedforthefestival.
4.WhichisawaythatLisupeopleinSichuancelebratethefestivalaccordingtothetext?
A.Holdingtorchparades.
B.Tyingfruitstotorcheswithstrings.
C.Strugglingforfruitsforgoodluck.
D.Usingtorchesashurdlesforahorserace.
三、
A63-year-oldChinesecarpenter'straditionalskillshavebecomeanunexpectedInternethitashecreateswoodworkwithasinglepieceofwood,withoutglue,screwsornails.WangDewen,knownas“GrandpaAmu”onYouTube,hasbeenpraisedasthemoderndayLuBan,awell-knownChinesestructuralengineerduringtheZhouDynasty,thankstohisrichcarpentry(木工手艺)knowledge.
GrandpaAmu'smostpopularvideo,whichshowshimmakingadelicatewoodenarchbridge,hasgoneviralonYouTube,gainingmorethan40millionviews."Ifyoudosomething,youhavetoloveit,andyouhavetobeinterestedinit;however,beinginteresteddoesn'tmeanthere'sonlyhappinessandnopain."GrandpaAmusharedwhentalkingabouthisexcellentcarpentryskills.
Hismostpopularworksincludeafoldingstool,amodeloftheChinapavilionfromthe2010ShanghaiExpo,andanapple-shapedinterlockingpuzzle,knownasaLuBanlock.GrandpaAmufollowsanancientChinesemortiseandtenon(榫卯)technique,whichmeansnonailsorglueareinvolvedintheentireprocessofbuildingthearchbridge.
Themastercarpenterhasalsomadeseveralwoodentoysforhisgrandsonusingthesametechnique.Hisyounggrandson'sfavoritesincludeawalkingPeppaPigandabubbleblowingmachine.Attractingover1.17millionfansonYouTube,GrandpaAmu'svideossofarhavegainedmorethan200millionviews.
Hiswonderfulwoodworkingskills,using.thesamemortiseandtenonjointsfoundintheForbiddenCity,weredevelopedfromtheageofthirteenasawayofsupportinghisfamilyinEastChina'sShandongProvince.“Thegrandsonissohappy»astherehavebeensomanyfineanduniquetoysmadebygrandpafromanearlyage,"commentedonenetizen;whileanothersaid"It'samazing.Ihopethesetraditionalcraftscanbepassedon!
”
1.WhyisGrandpaAmuregardedasthemoderndayLuBan?
A.Forhissimplewords.B.Forhispopularvideos.
C.Forhiscarpentryskills.D.Forhisexcellentarchbridge.
2.WhatdoGrandpaAmu'sremarksmeaninParagraph2?
A.Theoryisfrompracitce.B.Successdependsonlove.
C.Excellentskillslieinhardwork.D.Happinesscomesfrominterest.
3.WhatistheuniquefeatureofGrandpaAmu'scraftworks?
A.Nonailsorglue.B.Delicatedesign.
C.Theappleshape.D.Thewoodenmaterial.
4.Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?
A.Beingpopularmeansmorefans.
B.Perfectskillsearnmoremoney.
C.Supportingfamilyneedsmoreskills.
D.Traditionalcraftsdeservepassingon.
四、
TheBeijingYouthDailyonThursdaycalledattentiontothestrugglesoftraditionaloperasinChina.
ThenewspapersaidthenumberofuniquetraditionalChineseoperastyleshaddecreasedto286from368in1959,withthreedisappearingeverytwoyearsonaverage.Altogether,74operastyleshadonlyonetroupeleft,andmostwereattheriskoffadingaway.
XieBoliang,aprofessorattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArts,said,“Itiswellknownthatpeopleshouldbeheldaccountableforsoilerosion,butwhydowefeelateasewhentraditionaloperasfadeaway?
”
Overwhelmedbymoderncultureandentertainmentsuchasmovies,TVprogramsandpopmusic,traditionalChineseoperashavebeenseverelymarginalized.Despitebeingincludedonthestate-levelIntangibleCulturalHeritagelist,someoperasstillhavenoplacetoperform.
Becauseofthemarketslump(衰退)andlowsalaries,moretraditionalChineseoperapractitionersarefindingotherwork,asaremanydirectorsandplaywrights.SunJiazheng,chairmanoftheChinaFederationofLiteraryandArtCircles,saidtraditionaloperasareimportant
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