20XX年下半年全国高等教育自学考试英语一试题及答案自学考试doc文档格式.docx
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20XX年下半年全国高等教育自学考试英语一试题及答案自学考试doc文档格式.docx
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[C]what[D]how
4.Afewyearsago,thebeliefbecamegeneral________orangejuiceandmilkshouldneverbedrunkatthesamemeal.
[A]that[B]sothat
[C]andthat[D]nowthat
5.Therealdifferencebetweenplantsandanimals________inwhattheydo,andnotinwhattheyseemtobe.
[A]islaid[B]islain
[C]lays[D]lies
6.Wenowknowthatabout________allthekindsofseaweedareanimals.
[A]onefourth[B]onefourthof
[C]onefourof[D]theonefourth
7.Scientistscouldseemanythingsthatmostpeoplewould________tosee.
[A]feel[B]fail
[C]fall[D]fill
8.Thechildrenstayinthenuclearfamily________theygrowupandmarry.
[A]because[B]once
[C]after[D]until
9.Sometimesproblemsgrowoutofa________observation.
[A]charge[B]change
[C]chance[D]choice
10.Eagerbuyersboughtall_______50oftheitemsinoneweekend.
[A]but[B]yet
[C]out[D]beyond
Ⅱ.ClozeTest(10points,1pointforeach)
下列短文中有十个空白,每个空白有四个选项。
根据上下文要求选出最佳答案,并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
Howwillthepresent-daysciencedevelopinthenearfuture,i.e.thenextdecadeorso?
To11with,wecanexpect12sciencetoproduceavastincreaseinentirelynewproductsofall13.Thesewillrangefromlight-weight,high-strengthmaterialsfor14inthemanyspecializedbranchesofengineering,15drugsandchemicalswithagreatly-increasedselectivity16canbeusedinmedicineandagriculture.However,inthis17caseinparticular,itmaybepredicted18thewide-spreadapplicationandcombinationofnewandmorecomplexproductswillgive19tounexpectedinter-reactionsorside-effects.Forthisreason,greatlyintensifiedprogrammesofresearchwillberequiredin20todiscoverandeliminatetheharmfulresultsofsuchcombination.
11.[A]talk[B]begin[C]introduce[D]research
12.[A]applied[B]social[C]nuclear[D]economic
13.[A]lines[B]levels[C]kinds[D]values
14.[A]work[B]help[C]use[D]shift
15.[A]to[B]for[C]in[D]with
16.[A]it[B]what[C]whether[D]which
17.[A]late[B]later[C]latter[D]last
18.[A]why[B]that[C]which[D]whether
19.[A]way[B]fall[C]light[D]rise
20.[A]general[B]order[C]question[D]nature
Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension(30points,2pointsforeach)
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案,并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
PassageOne
Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Oneoftheadvantagesofbeingself-employedisthattheprofitthebusinessmakesbelongstotheowner.Iftheself-employedpersoninsuccessfulinbusiness,heorshehasthechancetoearnagreatdealofmoneyandevenbecomewealthy.Theprofitearnedbyaself-employedpersonistherewardforhisorhereffort,ability,andcreativity.Thus,asecondadvantageofbeingself-employedisthataperson’sintelligenceandabilitieshaveadirecteffectonhisorherearnings.Peoplewhohaveoutstandingabilitiesorintelligenceoftenfindtheycanearnfarmorethroughself-employmentthantheycanthroughworkingasanemployee.Athirdadvantageofbeingself-employedisthatapersoncancontrolboththenumberofhoursworkedandthehoursofwork.Whilenotallself-employedpeoplearecompletelyfreetochoosewhateverhourstheywanttowork,mostofthemhavemorecontroloverthisareathandothepeoplewhoforsalariesorwages.
Aswithmostthingsinlife,beingself-employedisnotwithoutproblems.First,beingone’sownbossplacestheresponsibilityforsuccessdirectlyonthatindividual’sshoulders.Abilitiesandintelligencewillbeputtothetest.Everyonehassomeweaknessesandislesscapableinsomethingsthaninothers.Theseweaknesseswillaffecthowsuccessfulaself-employedpersonis.Second,thoughtheself-employedcanearnconsiderableprofitswithasuccessfulbusiness,lossescanforcethemoutofbusinessand,insomeinstances,placethemindebt.Athirddisadvantageconcernsincomesecurity.Self-employedpeoplehavenoguaranteedwage.Theirearningscanvarygreatlyfromyeartoyear,dependingonbusinessconditions.Salariedpeople,ontheotherhand,cangenerallycountoncontinuedearningsfromyeartoyear.Inaddition,salariedpeopleoftenenjoyfringebenefitsthatmeangreaterpeaceofmind.Fringebenefitsareallofthebenefitsprovidedforemployeesinadditiontowagesandsalaries.Oneofthesebenefitsmaybeinsurancepaidforbytheemployerthatcontinuestheemployee’ssalaryintheeventofsicknessoraccident.Manyself-employedpeopledonothavesuchprotection,unlesstheyputmoneyasidethemselves.
21.Aself-employedpersonisone_____________.
[A]whocanmakeabigprofit
[B]whoishisorherownboss
[C]whosebusinesshasabetterchancetosuccess
[D]whoemploysnoothersbuthisorherrelatives
22.Oneoftheadvantagesself-employmentoffersisthatself-employedpeople________.
[A]maydecidewhenandhowlongtheywork
[B]haveoutstandingabilitiesandintelligence
[C]maygetmorebusinesssupportfromthegovernment
[D]areeasytoearnmoneyandreadytobecomewealthy
23.Oneproblemofself-employmentisthat___________.
[A]thereisnoguaranteeofincomesecurity
[B]itiscomparativelyweekinmanagement
[C]anemployer’searningshavenothingtodowithbusinessconditions
[D]salariesmayvarygreatlyfrompersontoperson
24.Wemayguessfromthecontextthatfringebenefits_____________.
[A]areallthemoneyprovidedforemployees
[B]arebenefitsanemployeereceivesapartfromwagesandsalaries
[C]consistofthosethatarepaidbyinsurancecompanies
[D]resultfrombusinessactivitiestheemployerhasorganized
25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsself-employmentis____________.
[A]positive
[B]negative
[C]indifferent
[D]objective
PassageTwo
Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Everylivingthinghaswhatscientistscallabiologicalclockthatcontrolsbehavior.Ittellsplantswhentoformflowersandinsectswhentoleaveprotectivecocoon(茧)andflyaway.Andittellsanimalsandhumanbeingswhentoawaken,sleep,andseekfood.Itcontrolsourbodytemperatures,thereleaseofsomehormones(激素)andevendreams.
Eventsoutsidetheplantandanimalaffectitsactions.ScientistsrecentlyfoundthatatinyanimalcalledSiberianhamsterchangesthecolorofitsfurbecauseofthenumberofhoursofdaylight.Inshorterdaysofwinteritsfurbecomeswhite.Thefurbecomesgray-browninlongerhoursofdaylightinsummer.
Innersignalscontrolotherbiologicalclocks.Germanscientistsfoundthatsomeinternaloneseemstoorderbirdstobegintheirmigrationflightstwotimeseachyear.Birdspreventedfromflyingbecomerestlesswhenitistimeforthetrip.Buttheybecomecalmagainwhenthetimeoftheflighthasended.
Amixofoutsideandinternaleventscontrolssomebiologicalclocks;
suchthingsasheartbeatandthedailychangefromsleeptowalkingtakeplacebecauseofbothexternalandinternalsignals.
Scientistsarebeginningtolearnwhichpartsofthebraincontainthebiologicalclocks.AresearcheratHarvardUniversity─Dr.MartinMooreEde─saidasmallgroupofcellsnearthefrontofthebrainseemstocontrolthetimingofsomeofouractions.Probablythereareothercellstocontrolotherbodyactivities.Heisstudyinghowtheyaffectthewaywedoourwork.Mostofushavegreatdifficultyifwemustoftenchangetodifferentworkhours.Itcantakemanydaysforahumanbodytoacceptamajorchangeinworkhours.Industrialofficialsshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofbiologicalclocksandhowtheyaffectworkers.Hesaidsuchanunderstandingcouldreducesicknessandaccidentsatwork,andwouldhelpincreaseproduction.
26.Whichofthefollowingcannotbecontrolledbybiologicalclocks?
[A]Dreams.
[B]whenandwhattoeat.
[C]Bodytemperature.
[D]Whentheflowersshouldopen.
27.TheauthormentionsSiberianhamstertoillustratethat_________.
[A]everylivingthinghasabiologicalclock
[B]Siberianhamsterisahighlyadaptivespecies
[C]biologicalclockscanchangeananimal’sskincolor
[D]externalfactorscanaffectthebehaviorofanorganism
28.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat__________.
[A]biologicalclocksareresponsibleforallthehumanbehaviors
[B]biologicalclocksaretoomysterioustobeexplained
[C]heartbeatandsomedailyactivitiesaffectbiologicalclocks
[D]studiesonbiologicalclockscanthrowsomelightonhumanactions
29.Whyshouldindustrialofficialshaveabetterunderstandingofbiologicalclocks?
[A]Becausesomecellsinthebrainareveryimportant.
[B]Becauseitisveryhardtochangeworkingtime.
[C]Becauseitmayleadtoimprovementofworkefficiency.
[D]Becauseittakesalongtimeforapersontogetusedtotheshiftofworkhours.
30.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe_________.
[A]ABriefAccountofBiologicalClocks
[B]BiologicalClocksandWorkEfficiency
[C]HowBiologicalClocksWork
[D]ThelocationofBiologicalClocks
PassageThree
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
“Thereisnoarguingabouttaste”─runstheLatinproverb.Buttastedidnotjusthappen.Cultural,historical,biologicalandenvironmentaleventshaveinteractedtocausefrogs,forexample,tobeviewedasdeliciousinsouthernChinabuttoberegardedwithrevulsion(厌恶)innorthernChina.Eventhoughmuchremainsunknown,tastescannotbedismissedasinarguableorillogical;
anattemptwillbemadeheretodiscoverwhy,asLucretiusputit,“Whatisfoodtoonemanmaybefiercepoisontoothers?
”
AmongtheapproximatelythirtymilliontribalpeopleofIndia,atotalof250animalspeciesareavoidedbyonegrouporanother.Mostofthesepeoplewillnoteatmeatfromatigeroranyofvarioussnakes.Althoughtheysaytheyfeelarelationshipwiththeseanimals,itisobviousthatbotharehighlydangerousandthathuntingthemsystematicallywouldbefoolish.
Monkeysareavoided,probablybecausetheylooklikehumanbeingsinappearance;
inthesetribes,man-eatingisviewedasextremelycruel.Areluctancetoeatsomefemaleanimalshasbeenattributedtorespectforthemother’srole,butitcouldalsobeduetoapolicyofallowingthefemalestoreproduceandprovidemoreyoungforpeople.Manytribesavoideatinganyanimalthathasdiedofunknowncausesanintelligentattitudeinviewofthepossibilitythattheanimalmighthavediedfromadiseasethatcouldspreadtohumans.Animalsthatconsumegarbagearesimilarlyavoided,anadaptivestepthatpreventscontactwithparasites(寄生虫),andthatmightexplainwhymembersofonetribeeatanyoftwenty-onedifferentspeciesofrats,butnotthehousethat.
31.“Thereisnoarguingabouttaste”,whichmeans___________.
[A]peopledon’tliketotalkaboutfood
[B]one’stasteinfoodishardtoexplain
[C]thereisnoquarrel
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