Unit5文献阅读与翻译第5章.pptx
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Unit5文献阅读与翻译第5章.pptx
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Unit5TranslationSkills(5):
Conversion,Whatisconversion?
thechangeofpartsofspeechintranslationOneofthemostimportanttranslationtechniques.,Theimportanceofconversion,OwingtothedifferenceinlanguagestructuresbetweenEnglishandChineselanguages,itisdifficulttocarryoutword-for-wordtranslationAsamatteroffact,awordbelongingtoacertainpartofspeechinonelanguagesometimeshastobeconvertedintoadifferentpartofspeech,soastobringforthareadableandcoherentsentence.Therefore,conversionisoneoftheimportantandcommonlyadoptedtranslationtechniques.,Forexample,Myaudiencevariedfromtenstothousands.听我演讲者少则数十人,多则数千人。
TheEnglishverb“varied”canhardlyberenderedintoChineseinthesamepartofspeech.Asamatteroffact,awordbelongingtoacertainpartofspeechinonelanguagesometimeshastobeconvertedintoadifferentone,soastoconformtotheusageofthetargetlanguage.,Fivecategories,1.ConversionintoVerbs,1)ConversionofnounsintoverbsThesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.,看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,我感到心驰神往。
Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse,火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
2)Conversionofprepositionsintoverbs,Aforceisneededtomoveanobjectagainstinertia.,为使物体克服惯性而运动,就需要一个力。
Thesestaffmembersworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,bydimlamps。
这些工作人员每天长时间工作,吃的是粗茶淡饭,住的是冰冷的窑洞,点的是暗淡的油灯。
3)Conversionofadjectivesintoverbs,ManyEnglishadjectivesafteralinkverbindicatingonesconsciousness,feelings,emotions,desires,etc.arealwaysconvertedintoChineseverbs.Thesewordsinclude:
confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,able,andsoon.,Doctorshavesaidthattheyarenotsuretheycansavehislife.,医生说他们不敢肯定救得了他的命。
Bothofthesubstancesaresolubleinwater.,两种物质都能溶于水。
4)AdverbsConvertedIntoVerbs,1)Whentheswitchisoff,thecircuitisopenandelectricitydoesntgothrough.当开关断开时,电路就形成开路,电流不能通过。
2)Inthiscasethetemperatureinthefurnaceisup.这种情况下,炉温就升高。
conclusion,OneofthemostremarkabledifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesesyntaxistheuseoftheverb.ItistakenforgrantedthatanEnglishsentencecontainsnomorethanonepredicateverb,whileinChineseitsnotunusualtohaveclustersofverbsinasimplesentence.,2.ConversionintoNouns,1)VerbsintonounsSuchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.,这些材料的特点是:
绝缘性好,耐磨性强。
Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation,easyregulation,simplemaintenanceandhighproductivity.,设计的目的在于自动操作,调节方便,维护简易,生产率高。
Someverbsthatarederivedfromnounscanhardlybetranslatedliterallysotheyareusuallyconvertedintonouns.,2)AdjectivesConvertedIntoNouns,Boththecompoundsareacids,theformerisstrong,thelatterweak.,这两种化合物都是酸,前者是强酸,后者是弱酸。
Inthefissionprocessesthefissionfragmentsareveryradioactive.,在裂变过程中,裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性,Adjectiveswiththedefinitearticlestoindicatecategoriesofpeople,things,oradjectivesusedaspredicativetoindicatethenatureofthingsmayalsobeconvertedintonouns.,3)Pronounsconvertedintonouns,Thespecificresistanceofironisnotsosmallasthatofcopper.Radiowavesaresimilartolightwavesexcepttheirwavelengthismuchgreater.,铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小。
无线电波与光波相似,但无线电波的波长要长得多。
EnglishpronounsaremorefrequentlyusedthanChinese.Inordertomakeclearwhattheyreallyreferto,wesometimeshavetoconvertthemintonouns,i.e.,torepeatthenounsthattheystandfor.,3.ConversionIntoAdjectives,1)NounsintoadjectivesThepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.,她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪,学习中的独立思考是绝对必要的。
SometimesitisconvenientforatranslatortoconvertEnglishnounsintoChineseadjectives.,2)Adverbsintoadjectives,Earthquakesarecloselyrelatedtofaulting.Itisdemonstratedthatgasesareperfectlyelastic.NotonlycanEnglishadverbsbeconvertedintoChineseadjectives,butalsointonounsoccasionally.Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.,地震与断裂运动有密切的关系。
已经证实,气体具有理想的弹性。
他身体虽弱,但思想健康。
EnglishadverbsareusedmoreextensivelythanChineseadverbs;andmanyofthemcanbeconvertedintoChineseadjectives.,4.ConversionintoAdverbs,1)AdjectivesintoadverbsBelow4C,waterisincontinuousexpansioninsteadofcontinuouscontraction.Ahelicopterisfreetogoalmostanywhere.,水在4度以下就不断地膨胀,而不是不断地收缩。
直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去。
ThisisthemostcommoncasewhenanounmodifiedbyanadjectiveisconvertedintoaverbintheChineseversion.Sometimes,itisjustforthesakeofconvenience.,2)NounsandVerbsConvertedIntoAdverbs,Rapidevaporationattheheating-surfacetendstomakethesteamwet.Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.,加热面上的迅速蒸发,往往使蒸汽的湿度变大。
新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民,获得了他们的一些好感。
ThisconversionisadoptedtomaketheversionconformtotheidiomaticChineseexpression.,Sometimes,itmayinvolvethechangeofvariouselementsofasentence,suchasfromthesubjecttotheobject,andviceversa.Asthematchburns,heatandlightaregivenoff.Thissortofstonehasarelativedensityof2.7.,火柴燃烧时发出光和热。
(fromthesubjecttotheobject),这种石头的相对密度是2.7。
(fromtheobjecttothesubject),Caremustbetakenatalltimestoprotecttheinstrumentfromdustanddamp.Asemiconductorhasapoorconductivityatroomtemperature,butitmaybecomeagoodconductorathightemperature.,应当始终注意保护仪器,不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。
(主语转为谓语),在室温下,半导体的电导率差,但在高温下,却可能成为良导体。
(fromthesubjecttotheattributive),5.C-ETranslation,ConversionisalsoacommonpracticeinChinese-Englishtranslation.Asismentionedabove,Chinesesentencesaboundwithverbsandarecomparativelyshortandstraightforward.WhentranslatedintoEnglish,manyoftheverbsinChinesesentenceshavetobeconvertedintootherpartsofspeechsuchasnouns,adjectives,prepositionsorprepositionsphrases,andsoon.Ontheotherhand,someChineseadjectivesmaybeconvertedintoEnglishnouns,andChinesenounsintoEnglishverbs,andviceversa.,5.C-ETranslation,林则徐认为,要成功地制止鸦片买卖,就得把鸦片焚毁。
LinZexubelievedthatasuccessfulbanofthetradeinopiummustbeprecededbythedestructionofthedrugitself.(adv+verb-adj+nouns;verb-noun)大会主席说:
“一定要少说空话,多做工作。
”Thechairmanpresidingovertheconferencesaid,“Theremustbelessemptytalkandmorehardwork.”(adv+verb+object-adj+subject),他们不顾一切困难和挫折,坚持战斗。
Theykeptonfightinginspiteofalldifficultiesandsetbacks.(verbprep.phrase)该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛,经久耐用。
Theproductsofthisfactoryarechieflycharacterizedbytheirfineworkmanshipanddurability.(adj+nounadv+verb),这种人闹什么东西呢?
闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。
Whatarethesepeopleafter?
Theyareafterfameandpositionandwanttobeinthelimelight.(verbs-prepositions),Specialattention:
thetranslationofcopyrights,Originalwording,styleandformshouldbekept.Matter-of-fact-attitude.Rigidgrammarandfrequentuseofthepassivevoice.,Thanks,
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