MBA历年英语阅读理解真题0112年.docx
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MBA历年英语阅读理解真题0112年.docx
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MBA历年英语阅读理解真题0112年
2001年MBA英语真题及答案
Questions31to34arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
ThestabilityoftheU.S.bankingsystemismaintainedbymeansofsupervisionandregulation,inspections,depositinsurance,andloanstotroubledbanks.Forover50years,theseprecautionshavepreventedbankingpanics.However,therehavebeensomeclosecalls.ThecollapseofContinentallllinoisBank&TrustedCompanyofChicagoin1984didnotbringdownthebankingsystem,butitcertainlyrattledsomewindows.
Inthelate1970s,ContinentalsoaredtoaleadershippositionamongMidwesternbanks.Partsofitsgrowthstrategywererisky,however.Itmademanyloansintheenergyfield,includingbillionthatittookoverfromPennSquareBandofOklahomaCity.Toobtainthefundsitneededtomaketheseloans,Continentalreliedheavilyonshorttermborrowingfromotherbanksandlarge,30daycertificatesofdeposit-"hotmoney",inbankingjargon.AtleastoneContinentalofficersawdangersignsandwroteawarningmemotohersuperiors,butthememowentunheeded.AlthoughtheComptrolleroftheCurrencyinspectedContinentalonaregularbasis,itfailedtoseelowseriousitsproblemsweregoingtobe.
PennSquareBankwasclosedbyregulatorsinJuly1982.Whenenergypricesbegantoslip,mostofthebillioninloansthatContinentalhadtakenoverfromthesmallerbanksturnedouttobehad.OtherloanstotroubledcompaniessuchChrysler,lnternationalHarvester,andBranifflookedquestionable.Seeingtheseproblem,"hotmoney"ownersbegantopulltheirfundsoutofContinental.
Bythespringof1984,arunonContinentalhadbegun.InMay,thebankhadtoborrow.5billionfromtheFedtoreplaceovernightfundsitbadlost.Butthiswasnotenough.TotrytostemtheoutflowofdepositsfromContinemtal,theFDICagreedtoguaranteenotjustthefirst,000ofeachdepositorsmoneybutallofit.Nevertheless,theruncontinued.
FederalregulatorstriedhardtofindasoundbankthatcouldtakeoverContinental-acommonwayofrescuingfailingbanks.ButContinentalwasjusttoobigforanyonetobuy.ByJuly,allhopeofaprivatesectorrescuewasdashed.Regulatorsfacedastarkchoice:
LetContinentalcollapse,ortakeitoverthemselves.
Lettingthebankfailseemedtoorisky.Itwasestimatedthatmorethan100otherbankshadplacedenoughfundsinContinentaltoputthematriskifContinentalfailed.Thus,onarainyThursdayattheendofJuly,theFDICineffectnationalizedContinentalIllinoisatacostof.5billion.Thiskeptthebanksdoorsopenandpreventedachainreaction.However,inallbutatechnicalsense,ContinentalhadbecomethebiggestbankfailureinU.S.history.
31.Inthespringof1984,Continentalexperienced------.
Aafastgrowthperiod.Bastabilityperiod
Carun.Danoilpricedecrease.
32.ByJuly,allhopeofaprivatesectorrescuewas------.
Adestroyed.Babsurd
Cdesperate.Ddamaged.
33.ThenationalizatinofContinental------.
AsaveditBmade"hotmoney"ownerscontinuetopulltheirfundsoutofContinental.
CalmostbroughtdownthebankingsystemDfiredmanyhighrankingofficers.
34.Bankingpanicsmaybepreventedbymeansof------.
Adepositinsurance.Bgrowthstrategy
Clongtermborrowing.Dwarningmemo.
Questions35to38arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredasanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired-rentedatthelowestpossiblecost-muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.
Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporationhierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementsisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirmshierarchy.
WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskilloftheiremployeesthandotheJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.
Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStated.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcanteffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.
35.WhichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesinAmericancompanies?
A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskills. B.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployeesownbusiness.
C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment..D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.
36.WhatisthepositionoftheheadofhumanresourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?
A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm..B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologiesareintroduced.
C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.D.Hehasnoauthorityinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm..
37.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsspendintrainingmainlygoesto----.
AworkerswhocanoperatenewequipmentBtechnologicalandmanagerialstaff
CworkerswholackbasicbackgroundskillsDtopexecutives.
38.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhumanresourcemanagement.
B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehumanresourcemanagement.
C.Theheadofhumanresourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirmshierarchy..
D.ThehumanresourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity...
Questions39to42arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Internetisavastnetworkofcomputersthatconnectsmanyoftheworldsbusinesses,institutions,andindividuals.Theinternet,whichmeansinterconnectednetworkofnetworks,linkstensofthousandsofsmallercomputernetworks.Thesenetworkstransmithugeamountsofinformationintheformofwords,images,andsounds.
TheInternetwasinformationonvirtuallyeverytopic.Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronic"bulletinboards,"whereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests.MuchoftheInternetstrafficconsistsofmessagessentfromonecomputerusertoanother.Thesemessagesarecalledelectronicmailoremail.Internetusershaveelectronicaddressesthatallowthemtosendandreceiveemail.Otherusesofthenetworkincludeobtainingnews,joiningelectronicdebates,andplayingelectronicgames.OnefeatureoftheInternet,knownastheWorldWideWeb,providesgraphics,audio,andvideotoenhancetheinformationinitsdocuments.Thesedocumentscoveravastnumberoftopics.
PeopleusuallyaccesstheInternetwithadevicecalledamodem.Modemsconnectcomputerstothenetworkthroughtelephonelines.MuchoftheInternetoperatesthroughworldwidetelephonenetworksoffiberopticcables.Thesecablescontainhairthinstrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelines,mostofwhichconsistofcopperwires.
ThehistoryoftheInternetbeganinthe1960s.Atthattime,theAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(ARPA)oftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefensedevelopedanetworkofcomputerscalledARPAnet.Originally,ARPAnetconnectedonlymilitaryandgovernmentcomputersystems.Itspurposewastomakethesesystemssecureintheeventofadisasterorwas.SoonafterthecreationofARPAnet,universitiesandotherinstitutionsdevelopedtheirowncomputernetworks.ThesenetworkseventuallyweremergedwithARPAnettoformtheInternet.Bythe1990s,anyonewithacomputer,modem,andInternetsoftwarecouldlinkuptotheInternet.
Inthefuture,theInternetwillprobablygrowmoresophisticatedascomputertechnologybecomesmorepowerful.ManyexpertsbelievetheInternetmaybecomepartofalargernetworkcalledtheinformationsuperhighway.Thisnetwork,stillunderdevelopment,wouldlinkcomputerswithtelephonecompanies,cabletelevisionstations,andothercommunicationsystems.Peoplecouldbank,shop,watchTV,andperformmanyotheractivitiesthroughthenetwork.
39.Thispassageisaboutthe------oftheInternet.
Afuture.Bgeneralintroduction
Cuse.Dhistory.
40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheInternetistrue?
A.ARPAwas
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