无人机在农业方面的应用Word文档格式.doc
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无人机在农业方面的应用Word文档格式.doc
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years,
with
the
expansion
of
UAV
technology
in
commercialfield,UAV
became
a
newresearch
focus
field
agriculture,
using
as
low-altitude
remote
sensing
platform
onfarmland
reasonable
idea.
AtthementionapplicationofUAVinagriculture,surelywefirstthoughtitcanspraypesticides,pesticidesprayingisthemostcommonapplicationoftheplantprotectionUAV,becauseofitshighsafety,costsaving,easyoperationandotheradvantages,makesitgetpeople'
saffirmation.However,theapplicationofUAVinagricultureisnotlimitedtothis,thispaperfortheinterpretationofthevariousapplicationsofUAVinagriculture.
一、农田药物喷洒Sprayingpesticidesonfarms
药物喷洒是农用无人机最为广泛的应用,与传统植保作业相比,植保无人机具有精准作业、高效环保、智能化、操作简单等特点,为农户节省大型机械和大量人力的成本,全国各地不少地区都已使用植保无人机进行药物作业,受到了人们的肯定。
据相关人士称,未来农业植保领域将会有千亿市场空间。
Comparedtothetraditionalplantprotectionwork,thesprayingpesticidesisthemostwidelyuseofagriculturalUAV,plantprotectionUAVhasthecharacteristicsofpreciseoperation,environmentalprotectionandefficient,intelligent,simpleoperation,largemachineryandalotofmanpowercostsavingsforfarmers,manyareasacrossthecountryalreadyuseplantprotectionUAVtospraypesticides,hasbeenaffirmedbythepeople.
Accordingtorelevantsources,thefutureofagriculturalplantprotectionfieldwillbebillionsmarketspace.
二、农田信息监测Informationmonitoringonfarms
无人机农田信息监测主要包括病虫监测、灌溉情况监测及农作物生长情况监测等,是利用以遥感技术为主的空间信息技术通过对大面积农田、土地进行航拍,从航拍的图片、摄像资料中充分、全面地了解农作物的生长环境、周期等各项指标,从灌溉到土壤变异,再到肉眼无法发现的病虫害、细菌侵袭,指出出现问题的区域,从而便于农民更好地进行田间管理。
无人机农田信息监测具有范围大、时效强和客观准确的优势,是常规监测手段无法企及的。
2002年,美国宇航局已将无人机用于农田信息监测,Pathfinder-Plus太阳能无人机搭载高分辨率彩色多光谱成像仪,用来监督Kauai咖啡公司的1500hm²
种植区杂草爆发、暴露灌溉及施肥异常等情况。
除美国之外,西班牙也早有人使用无人机搭载光谱设备,用于测试在400~800nm光谱区内叶片的胡萝卜素含量,以模拟葡萄树的反射率的先例。
InformationmonitoringofUAVonfarmsmainlyincludespestmonitoringandirrigationmonitoringandcropgrowthmonitoring,usingthetechnologyofspatialinformationbasedonremotesensingtechnology,throughaerialoflargeareasoffarmland,land,fromaerialimages,videodata,fullyunderstandcropsgrowthenvironment,periodandotherindicators,fromirrigationtosoilvariability,tothenakedeyecannotbefoundintheplantdiseasesandinsectpests,bacterialinvasion,regionalproblemsarepointedout,soastobeconvenientforthefarmerinfieldmanagement.UAVfarmlandinformationmonitoringhastheadvantageswithlargerange,timeliness,objectivityandaccuracy,isbeyondtheconventionalmonitoringmeans.
In2002,NASAusedUAVforfarmlandinformationmonitoring,solarPathfinder-PlusUAVequippedwithhighresolutioncolormultispectralimager,wassupervisingweedoutbreak,irrigationandfertilizationwith1500hm2plantingareaofKauaicoffeecompany.
InadditiontotheUnitedStates,Spainhaslongbeentheuseofunmannedaerialvehiclethatequippedwithspectralequipmentfortestingthecarotenecontentinthe400~800nmspectralregionoftheleaves,setanimportantprecedentinordertosimulatethereflectivityofthegrapetree.
三、农业保险勘察AgriculturalInsuranceSurvey
农作物在生长过程中难免遭受自然灾害的侵袭,使得农民受损。
对于拥有小面积农作物的农户来说,受灾区域勘察并非难事,但是当农作物大面积受到自然侵害时,农作物查勘定损工作量极大,其中最难以准确界定的就是损失面积问题。
农业保险公司为了更为有效地测定实际受灾面积,进行农业保险灾害损失勘察,将无人机应用到农业保险赔付中。
无人机具有机动快速的响应能力、高分辨率图像和高精度定位数据获取能力、多种任务设备的应用拓展能力、便利的系统维护等技术特点,可以高效地进行受灾定损任务。
通过航拍查勘获取数据、对航拍图片进行后期处理与技术分析,并与实地丈量结果进行比较校正,保险公司可以更为准确地测定实际受灾面积。
无人机受灾定损,解决了农业保险赔付中勘察定损难、缺少时效性等问题,大大提高了勘查工作的速度,节约了大量的人力物力,在提高效率的同时确保了农田赔付勘察的准确性。
Cropsinevitablysufferedtheinvasionfromnaturaldisastersinthegrowthprocess,whichcausedthefarmertosufferthelossmadethedamage.Tohaveasmallareaofthecropfarmers,affectedareareconnaissanceisnotdifficult,butwhenalargeareaofcropsisaggrievedbythenaturalfactors,needalotofworktoassessthedamagesurveyofcrops,ofthese,whichismostdifficulttoaccuratelydefinethelossarea.
Inordertomoreeffectivelydeterminetheactualdisasterarea,theagriculturalinsurancecompanywillsurveyagriculturaldisasterdamage.TheUAVisappliedtoagriculturalinsurancecoverage.UAVhasamobilerapidresponseability,highresolutionimageandhighprecisionpositioningdataacquisitioncapabilities,avarietyofmissionequipmentapplicationdevelopmentability,convenientsystemmaintenance,technicalcharacteristics,canbeefficientlyaffectedtasktoassessthedamage.Byaerialsurveydataacquisition,onaerialpicturesofpostprocessingandtechnicalanalysis,andfieldmeasurementresultsarecomparedwithcorrection,insurancecompanycanbemoreaccuratedeterminationoftheactualdisasterarea.UAVdisastercanusetoassessthedamageandtosolvetheagriculturalinsurance,paymentfordifficultlysurveyingthedamageandlackoftimeliness,greatlyincreasesthespeedoftheexplorationwork,savingalotofmanpowerandresources,notonlytoimprovetheefficiency,butalsotoensureaccuracysurveyaboutthefarmlandcompensation.
无人机在农业方面的应用除以上三个用途外,还可进行播种、授粉、施肥。
近年来逐渐开展起来的农用无人机作业在化肥施撒、农作物授粉、播种等方面充分显示出优势,相比传统农用机械,首先无人机播种、施肥具有精准度高、效率高的特点,将农民从繁重的植保作业中解脱出来,利于规模化生产;
其次无人机体积小巧,方便转场和运输;
再次不受地形条件限制,适用性好;
最后,无人机操控手通过地面遥控及GPS定位对其实施控制,不直接操作机器,有效避免人员伤亡,安全性高。
这些都使得农用无人机成为农业植保领域研究和应用的热门机型,深受农户欢迎。
InadditiontotheabovethepurposewiththeapplicationofUAVinagriculture,butalsoitcanbeforsowing,fertilizationandpollination.InrecentyearsUAVgraduallydevelopsagriculturaloperatinginfertilizerapplicators,croppollination,seedandfullydemonstratedtheadvantage,comparedtotraditionalagriculturalmachinery,firstUAVsowing,fertilizationhascharacteristicsofhighaccuracyandhighefficiency,farmersgetoutfromtheheavyplantprotection,isconducivetolarge-scaleproduction;
secondUAVhastheadvantagesofsmallvolume,transitionandtransportationisconvenient;
onceagainoutofthelimitationoftheterrainconditions,goodapplicability;
finally,theUAVoperatorsimplementcontrolthroughthegroundremotecontrolandGPSpositioning,withoutdirectlyoperatingthemachine,effectivelyavoidcasualties,safety.AllthesemakeUAVbecomeoneofthemostpopularmodelsofresearchandapplicationofagriculturalplantprotectionfield,whichiswelcomedbyfarmers.
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