职称英语综合类AB级阅读理解模拟试题电子书Word文档下载推荐.docx
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职称英语综合类AB级阅读理解模拟试题电子书Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Itdidnotevenmatterifthefriendwashundredsofmilesaway,theinfluenceremained.Andthegreatestinfluenceofallwasbetweenclosemutualfriends.There,ifonebecameobese,theotherhada171percentincreasedchanceofbecomingobese,too.
Thesameeffectseemedtooccurforweightloss,theinvestigatorssay.Butsincemostpeopleweregaining,notlosing,overthe32years,theresultwas,onaverage,thatpeoplegrewfatter.
Dr.NicholasA.Christakis,aphysicianandprofessorofmedicalsociologyatHarvardMedicalSchoolandaprincipalinvestigatorinthenewstudy,saidoneexplanationwasthatfriendsaffectedeachothers’perceptionoffatness.Whenaclosefriendbecomesobese,obesitymaynotlooksobad.
“Youchangeyourideaofwhatisanacceptablebodytypebylookingatthepeoplearoundyou,”Dr.Christakissaid.
TheinvestigatorssaytheirfindingscanhelpexplainwhyAmericanshavebecomefatterinrecentyears–eachpersonwhobecameobesewaslikelytodragalongsomefriends!
Theiranalysiswasunique,Dr.Christakissaid,becauseitmovedbeyondasimpleanalysisofonepersonandhisorhersocialcontactsandinsteadexaminedanentiresocialnetworkatonce,lookingathowaperson'
sfriend'
sfriends,orinfluenceonaperson'
sweightoraspouse'
ssibling'
sfriends,couldhaveaninfluenceonaperson’sweight.
Theeffects,hesaid,“highlighttheimportanceofcontagion,thatspreadsthroughthenetwork.”
Ofcourse,theinvestigatorssay,socialnetworksarenottheonlyfactorsthataffectbodyweight.Thereisastronggeneticcomponentatwork,too.
Sciencehasshownthatindividualshavegeneticallydeterminedrangesofweights,spanningperhaps30orsopoundsforeachperson.Butthatleavesalargerolefortheenvironmentindeterminingwhetheraperson’sweightisnearthetopofhisorherrangeornearthebottom.Aspeoplehavegottenfatter,itappearsthatmanyareedgingtowardthetopoftheirranges.Thequestionhasbeenwhy.
Ifthenewresearchiscorrect,itmaysaythatsomethingintheenvironmentseededwhatsomecallanobesityepidemic,makingafewpeoplegainweight.Thensocialnetworkslettheobesityspreadrapidly.
词汇:
obesityn.肥胖,肥大
spousen.配偶(指夫或妻)
virusn.病毒
siblingn.兄弟,姐妹
epidemicadj.流行的,传染的,流行性的
练习:
1.Whohadthegreatestinfluenceonpeoplewhobecameobese?
A.theirfriends
B.theirneighbors
C.theirfamilymembers
D.theircolleagues
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementaboutafriend'
sinfluenceisfalseaccordingtothereport?
A.Friendshadmoreinfluencethanfamilymembersonpeoplewhobecameobese.
B.Evenifthefriendlivesfaraway,theinfluencestillremained
C.Peoplewerenotlikelytoloseweightwhentheyhaveskinnyfriends.
.D.Thegreatestinfluenceofallwasbetweenclosemutualfriends.
3.AccordingtoDr.NicholasA.Christakis,whatistheexplanationforfriendsbeingthegreatestinfluence?
A.Friendsusuallyspendalotoftimetogether.
B.Friendssharesimilareatinghabits.
C.Friendsaremoreimportantthanfamilymembers.
D.Friendsaffectedeachothers’feelingsoffatness
4.Whichfactorofbecomingobeseisnotmentionedinthisreport?
A.socialcontact
B.geneticinformation
C.lifestyle
D.environmentalinfluence
5.Inwhatwayisobesitycontagiousandepidemic?
A.socialnetworkslettheobesityspreadrapidly
B.individualshavegeneticallydeterminedragesofweights.
C.Obesitycaneasilyspreadfromonetoanotherwithinanyphysicalcontact
D.Obesitycanspreadrapidlyandextensivelybyinfectionandaffectingmanyindividualsinanareaorapopulationatthesametime.
答案与解析:
1.A.该题可根据文章主题(文章标题内容)“如果你发现自己变胖了,你应该责怪你的朋友们”直接判断答案。
也可以依据文章中的相关内容判定答案:
利用备选项中的细节信息词(A:
friends;
B:
neighbors;
C:
familymembers;
D:
colleagues)共同作为答案线索,在文章中查找答案相关句:
(第一题答案相关句)(第4段)Theanswer(答案),theresearchers(研究者)report(报告),wasthatpeopleweremostlikelyto(很可能...)becomeobese(肥胖的)whenafriend(朋友)becameobese.Thatincreased(增加)aperson’schancesof(...的机会/可能性)becomingobeseby(了)57percent(百分之).Therewasnoeffect(influence的近义词)(影响,实现)whenaneighborgainedorlostweight(增肥或减肥),however(然而),andfamilymembershadless(较少的,不太,不(如))influence(影响)thanfriends.
答案相关句(第四段)说“提到研究者发现,当周围朋友发福时,人最容易发胖.而邻居则不会对人产生影响,甚至家庭成员的影响也不如朋友大。
而关于同事的内容,文章中并没有提到。
2.C.可以借助文章主题或接着解答上一题所获得的相关信息直接判断C错误。
也可以借助文章中的相关内容判断答案:
(第二题答案相关句)Itdidnoteven(甚至)matter(有关系。
事情,物质)if(是否,如果)thefriendwashundredsofmilesaway(在远处,到远处),theinfluenceremained(继续).(与选项B内容一致)Andthegreatestinfluenceofallwasbetweenclose(亲密的)mutual(相互的)friends(与选项D内容一致).There,ifonebecameobese,theotherhada171percentincreasedchanceofbecomingobese,too.
A选项说的是“朋友产生的影响大于庭成员”,该选项内容与第一题答案相关句内容一致;
B选项也是正确的,因为第五段第一句话提到,即使朋友远在千里之外,这种影响仍然存在:
第五段第二句特合D选项的愈思:
那些关系亲密的朋友产生的影响最大。
因此只有C不正确。
3.D.利用问题句中的特征词(NicholasA.Christakis)作为答案线索,同时利用备选项B中的典型细节信息结构(eatinghabits)作为答案线索,在文章中查找答案相关句:
(第2题答案相关句)(第5段)Itdidnotevenmatterifthefriendwashundredsofmilesaway,theinfluenceremained.Andthegreatestinfluenceofallwasbetweenclosemutualfriends.There,ifonebecameobese,theotherhada171percentincreasedchanceofbecomingobese,too.
(第6段)Thesameeffectseemedtooccurforweightloss,theinvestigatorssay.Butsincemostpeopleweregaining,notlosing,overthe32years,theresultwas,onaverage,thatpeoplegrewfatter.
(第7段)Dr.NicholasA.Christakis,aphysician(医生)and(兼)professor(教授)ofmedical(医学的)sociology(社会学)atHarvardMedicalSchool(哈佛医学院)andaprincipal(主要的,校长,负责人)investigator(调查人)inthenewstudy(研究),saidoneexplanation(问题句中的核心词)wasthatfriendsaffected(影响)eachothers(彼此)’perception(理解)(perception是feeling的近义词)offatness(肥胖).Whenaclosefriend(亲密的朋友)becomesobese,obesitymaynotlooksobad.
答案相关句(第七段第一句)涉及到了Dr.NicholasA.Christakia对于这种现象的解释:
朋友之间对于肥胖的感知是互相影响的。
因此D是答案。
4.C.利用备选项中的细节信息结构(A:
socialcontact;
geneticinformation;
lifestyle;
environmentalinfluence)共同作为答案线索,在文章中查找答案相关句:
(第7段/第3题答案相关句)Dr.NicholasA.Christakis,aphysicianandprofessorofmedicalsociologyatHarvardMedicalSchoolandaprincipalinvestigatorinthenewstudy,saidoneexplanationwasthatfriendsaffectedeachothers’perceptionoffatness.Whenaclosefriendbecomesobese,obesitymaynotlooksobad.
(第12段)Ofcourse(当然),theinvestigators(调查者)say,socialnetworks(人际关系网)(与选项A中的socialcontact/社会接触呼应)arenottheonly(唯一的,仅仅)factors(问题句中的核心词)thataffectbodyweight(体重).Thereisastrong(强烈的,强大的,浓的)genetic(遗传的)component(成分)atwork(在工作,起作用),too(也,太).
答案相关段(第十二段)提到了遗传因素和社会接触(人际关系网的形式)对体重的作用和影响。
同时间接地隐含了环境因素对人的体重起很重要的作用。
至于C(生活方式),文中并没有提到。
5.A.利用问题句中的修饰词(contagious,epidemic)作为答案线索,在文章中查找答案相关句:
(倒数第4段)Theeffects(影响),hesaid,“highlight(强调,突出)theimportance(重要性)ofcontagion(传染,传染病),thatspreads(蔓延)throughthenetwork.”
(最后一段)Ifthenewresearch(研究)iscorrect(正确的),itmaysay(说)thatsomethingintheenvironment(环境)seeded(种子,播种)whatsomecall(称呼)anobesity(肥胖)epidemic(流行病),makingafewpeoplegainweight(体重增加).Then(然后)socialnetworks(人际交际网)lettheobesityspreadrapidly.
答案相关句(文章最后一段)直接说明了“人际关系网”是造成肥胖流行病蔓延的主要原因,因此A是答案。
第二部分:
AtaleofScottishRurallife
LewisGrassicGibbon’sSunsetSong(1932)wasvoted“thebestScottishnovelofalltime”byScottish’sreadingpublicin2005.Onceconsideredshockingforitsfrankdescriptionofaspe
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