超声基础知识(英文版)PPT资料.pptx
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超声基础知识(英文版)PPT资料.pptx
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todisplaytissuestructureBmodeisalsocalled2Dmode.,B-Mode,ppt课件,8,B-Mode,HP70020A,1981,TOSHIBASDS-10A,1981,ppt课件,9,Doppler-Mode,ChristianAndreasDopplerAustriaPhysicistandmathematicianBornin1803inSalzburgFoundDopplerPrinciplein1842Diedin1853inVenice,ppt课件,10,Doppler-Mode,Soundsource:
NOTmoving,Soundsource:
moving,ppt课件,11,Doppler-Mode,ppt课件,12,Doppler-Mode,BloodcellNOTmoving,Bloodcellmoving,forward/backward,ppt课件,13,Doppler-Mode,v,f+fD,ppt课件,14,fD:
Dopplershiftofthefrequencyf:
Transmittedfrequencyv:
Velocityoftheblood:
Angleofincidencebetweentheultrasoundbeamandthedirectionoftheflowc:
speedofsoundintissue,PWMode(Pulse-Wave),PW:
Pulse-WaveDoppler,Function:
tomeasurevelocityofbloodflow,VelocityTime,1959,ppt课件,15,PWMode,SampleVolumeAngleCorrection,SampleLine,Grayscalestandsfor:
theamountofallobjectsinthatvelocityinthesamplevolume.,ppt课件,16,PrincipleofPW,Elementsarebothtransmittingandreceivingsoundwaves.ThetransmittingandreceivingofsoundwavesareNOTinthesametime.ThereisaSampleVolume.,PRF:
PulseRepetitionFrequency,Transmit,Receive,Transmit,Receive,ppt课件,17,CWMode(continuouswave),Function:
tomeasurevelocityofbloodflow,especiallyinheart,CW:
Continuous-WaveDopplerspeedofbloodcellsdisplayedonatime/velocitygraphTime,ppt课件,18,Velocity,1956,CWMode,SensitiveRegionAngleCorrection,SampleLine,Grayscalestandsfor:
theamountofallobjectsinthatvelocityalongthesampleline.,ppt课件,19,PrincipleofCW,Someelementsaretransmittingsoundwaves.Theothersarereceiving.ThetransmittingandreceivingofsoundwavesareJUSTinthesametime.,ppt课件,20,ThereisNOSampleVolume.Butthereisasensitiveregion.,ColorMode,ColorDoppler:
Pixelsassignedcolorbasedonmeanvelocity,Function:
todisplaydirectionofbloodflow,ColormodeisalsocalledCDFImode(ColorDopplerFlowImaging)orCFM(colorflowmapping),RedtowardsprobeBlueawayfromprobe,ppt课件,21,1983,PowerMode,PowerDoppler:
Pixelsassignedcolorbasedonmeanpower,ppt课件,22,PowermodeisalsocalledCPAmode.(ColorPowerAngio)Function:
todisplayvolumeofbloodflow,especiallyatlowvelocity,DirPowerMode,ppt课件,23,ColorMaps,GrayScale,ppt课件,24,Velocity,Power,DirectionalPower,Bmode,Colormode,Powermode,Difference-Color&
colorize,Bmode-colorizedWholeimageiscolorized.,ppt课件,25,ColormodeOnlybloodflowiscolorized.Tissueismonochrome.,Difference-Color&
Power,PowerDopplerdisplaysamplitudeofsignal(howmuch)ColorDopplerdisplaysvelocity(howfast),ppt课件,26,AngleDependent,Colormode,vertical,ppt课件,27,oblique,Powermode,AngleDependent,Yes,No,Atperpendicularangle,Noflowdisplayed,Displayednormally,Difference-PW&
CW,Velocit,LocatApplicatio,ransmitting,undwaves.,yLoweSamplevolumenAll,SamplelineCardiology,Continuouswave,PWmodePrinciplePulsed-waveAllelementsaretandreceivingsoProbeAll,CWmode,SampleVolume,AngleCorrection,SampleLine,SomeelementsaretransmittingsSoeunnsditiwveavReesg.ionTheothersarereceiving.,PhasedarrayA,npgelencCilo,rortehcetrionHigh,SampleLine,ppt课件,28,ImagePerformanceKnowledge,ppt课件,29,HowtodefineagoodB-modeimageHowtodefineagoodColorimageHowtodefineagoodPW/CWimage,B-ModeImage,UltrasoundWaveDemonstrationT,Object,Refraction,Reflection,Scatter,ppt课件,30,B-ModeImage,S/Nratio(Signal/NoiseRatio)信噪比,Muchnoiseincavity,ppt课件,31,B-ModeImage,Penetration穿透力,Penetrationgoesto17.50cm,Onlypenetratesat16.04cm,ppt课件,32,B-ModeImage,Spatialresolution空间分辨率,Horizontal,ppt课件,33,Logitudinal,B-ModeImage,Contrastresolution对比分辨率,ppt课件,34,B-ModeImage,Temporalresolution,时间分辨率,ppt课件,35,ColorImage,Sensitivity敏感性,Bettersensitivity小血管血流非常丰富,ppt课件,36,ColorImage,SpatialResolution空间分辨率,Rightimagehasbetterspatialresolution,noobviouscoloroverlayonvesselwall,ppt课件,37,ColorMode,TemporalResolution时间分辨率也称血流动态感,ppt课件,38,PWImage,Sensitivity,敏感性(低速,深部血流),ppt课件,39,PWImage,Spectrum,Shape频谱形态(包络连续性以及声窗),ppt课件,40,CWImage,Sensitivity敏感性(在狭窄和返流下的高速血流),ppt课件,41,UltrasoundArtifacts,ppt课件,42,Side-lobeartifact(旁瓣伪像)Acousticshadowing(声影)Acousticenhancement(回声增强)Slice-thicknessartifact(容积效应)Mirrorimageartifact(镜面伪像)Reverberations(混响)Edgeshadowing(边界声影),Side-lobeArtifact,Side-lobeartifact:
Intestinalgas(I)isastrongreflectorthatisprojectedintotheinteriorofthegallbladder(Gb).S=side-lobeartifact,T=transducer,ppt课件,43,Side-lobeartifact:
Thearrowsindicateaside-lobeartifactinastonefreegallbladder(GB).Theartifactiscausedbygasintheadjacentduodenum(DUO),AcousticShadowing,Acousticshadowing:
Astrongacousticreflector(e.g.,agallstone=G)castsanacousticshadow(S)duetoreflectionandabsorption.T=transducer,ppt课件,44,Typicalacousticshadow(S)associatedwithagallstone,AcousticEnhancement,Acousticenhancement:
Becausesoundwavesarelessattenuatedinfluid,theechoesbehindafluid-filledstructurehavegreateramplitude.T=transducer,C=cyst,AE=acousticenhancement,Posterioracousticenhancement.Anareaofincreasedechogenicity(arrows)appearsbehindthegallbladder(GB),45,ppt课件,Slice-thicknessArtifact,Slice-thicknessartifact:
Theanteriorandposteriorcystwallsappearthickenedandindistinct.B=beam-widthartifact,T=transducer,Beam-widthartifact:
Transversescanthroughthebladder(B)showspartialthickeningandlackofsharpnessofthebladderwall,especiallyonthefarside(arrow),46,ppt课件,MirrorimageArtifact,Mirrorimageartifact:
Schematicrepresentationofsoundwavesintheliver(L)reflectedfromthediaphragm(D),givingrisetoa“mirror-image”liver.T=transducer,LS=supraphrenic“mirror-image”liver,Mirrorimageartifact:
Rightsubcostalobliquescandemonstratestheliver(L),thediaphragm(D,orlungentryecho),asubphrenichepatichemangioma,andthereflectedhemangiomaimagedatasupraphrenic,47,ppt课件location(arrows),Reverberations,Schematicrepresentationoftypicalreverberations(R)occurringbetweenstronglyreflectiveinterfaces(I).T=transducer,ppt课件,48,EdgeShadowing,Edgeshadowing:
Whensoundwavesencountercystwallsatatangentialangle,theyarescatteredorrefracted.T=transducer,C=cyst,CE=cysticedgeshadows,ppt课件,49,Review,ppt课件,50,UltrasoundHistory:
Dimension:
Line-Plane-VolumeColor:
B/W-ColorImageperformance:
B-mode:
Noise,Penetration,Spatial/Contrast/TemporalresolutionColor:
Sensitivity,Spatial/temporalresolutionPW:
Sensitivity,SpectrumshapeCW:
SensitivityArtifacts:
Stone,cyst,needle,gas,
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