参考文档北京景点英语导游词优秀word范文 27页Word文件下载.docx
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参考文档北京景点英语导游词优秀word范文 27页Word文件下载.docx
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itisthelargestandmostwellreservedimperialresidenceinchinatoday.
undermingemperoryongle,constructionbeganin1406.
ittook14yearstobuildtheforbiddencity.
thefirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasmingemperorzhudi.
forfivecenturiesthereafter,itcontinuedtobetheresidenceof23successiveemperorsuntil1911whenqingemperorpuyiwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.
in1987,theunitednationseducational,scientificandculturalorganizationrecognizedtheforbiddencitywasaworldculturallegacy.
forbiddencity(紫禁城)
(infrontofthemeridiangate)
itisbelievedthatthepalacemuseum,orzijincheng(purpleforbiddencity),gotitsnamefromastronomyfolklore,theancientastronomersdividedtheconstellationsintogroupsandcenteredthemaroundtheziweiyuan(northstar).
theconstellationcontainingthenorthstarwascalledtheconstellationofheavenlygodandstaritselfwascalledthepurplepalace.
becausetheemperorwassupposedlythesonoftheheavenlygods,hiscentralanddominantpositionwouldbefurtherhighlightedtheuseofthewordpurpleinthenameofhisresidence.
infolklore,theterm”aneasternpurplecloudisdrifting”becameametaphorforauspiciouseventsafterapurplecloudwasseendriftingeastwardimmediatelybeforethearrivalofanancientphilosopher,laozi,tothehanghupass.
here,purpleisassociatedwithauspiciousdevelopments.
thewordjin(forbidden)isself-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-limitstoordinarypeople.
theredandyellowusedonthepalacewallsandroofsarealsosymbolic.
redrepresentshappiness,goodfortuneandwealth.
yellowisthecoloroftheearthontheloessplateau,theoriginalhomeofthechinesepeople.
yellowbecameanimperialcolorduringthetangdynasty,whenonlymembersoftheroyalfamilywereallowedtowearitanduseitintheirarchitecture.
theforbiddencityisrectangularinshape.
itis960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterwidefromeastwest.
ithas9,900roomsunderatotalroofarea150,000squaremeters.
a52-meter-wide-moatencirclesa9.
9-meter—highwallwhichenclosesthecomplex.
octagon—shapedturretsrestonthefourcornersofthewall.
therearefourentrancesintothecity:
themeridiangatetothesouth,theshenwugate(gateofmilitaryprowess)tothenorth,andthexihuagate(gateofmilitaryprowess)tothenorth,andthexihuagate(westernflowerygate)tothewest,thedonghua(easternflowerygate)totheeast.
manpowerandmaterialsthroughoutthecountrywereusedtobuildtheforbiddencity.
atotalof230,000artisansandonemillionlaborerswereemployed.
marblewasquarriedfromfangshancountrymountpaninjixiancountyinhebeiprovince.
granitewasquarriedinquyangcountyinhebeiprovince.
pavingblockswerefiredinkilnsinsuzhouinsouthernchina.
bricksandscarletpigmentationusedonthepalatialwallscamefromlinqinginshandongprovince.
timberwascut,processedandhauledfromthenorthwesternandsouthernregions.
thestructureinfrontofusisthemeridiangate.
itisthemainentrancetotheforbiddencity.
itisalsoknowsaswufenglou(five-phoenixtower).
mingemperorsheldlavishbanquetshereonthe15thdayofthefirstmonthofthechineselunaryearinhornoroftheircounties.
theyalsousedthisplaceforpunishingofficalsbyfloggingthemwithsticks.
qingemperorsusedthisbuildingtoannouncethebeginningofthenewyear.
qingemperorqianglongchangedtheoriginalnameofthisannouncementceremonyfrombanli(announcementofcalendar)tobanshou(announcementofnewmoon)toavoidcoincidentalassociationwithanotheremperor`sname,hongli,whichwasconsideredatabooatthattime.
qingdynastyemperorsalsousedthisplacetoholdaudienceandforotherimportantceremonies.
forexample,whentheimperialarmyreturnedvictoriouslyfromthebattlefield,itwasherethattheemperorpresidedovertheceremonytoacceptprisonersofwar.
(afterenteringthemeridiangateandstandinginfrontofthefivemarblebridgesongoldenwaterriver)
nowweareinsidetheforbiddencity.
beforewestartourtour,iwouldliketobrieflyintroduceyoutothearchitecturalpatternsbefourus.
tocompletethissolemn,magnificentandpalatialcomplex,avarietyofbuildingswerearrangedonanorth-southaxis,and8-kilometer-longinvisiblelinethathasbecomeaninseparablepartofthecityofbeijing.
theforbiddencitycoversroughlyone–thirdofthiscentralaxis.
mostoftheimportantbuildingintheforbiddencitywereearrangedalongthisline.
thedesignandarrangementofthepalacesreflectthesolemndignityoftheroyalcourtandrigidly–stratifiedfeudalsystem.
theforbiddencityisdividedintoanouterandaninnercount.
wearenowstandingonthesouthernmostpartoftheoutercount.
infrontofusliesthegateofsupremeharmony.
thegateisguardedbyapairofbronzelions,symbolizingimperialpoweranddignity.
thelionswerethemostexquisiteandbiggestofitskind.
theoneontheeastplayingwithaballisamale,andballissaidtorepresentstateunity.
theotheroneisafemale.
underneathoneofitsforeclawsisacubthatisconsideredtobeasymbolofperpetualimperialsuccession.
thewindingbrookbeforeusisthegoldenwaterriver.
itfunctionsbothasdecorationandfirecontrol.
thefivebridgesspanningtheriverrepresentthefivevirtuespreachedbyconfucius:
benevolence,righteousness,rites,intellenceandfidelity.
therivertakestheshapeofabowandthenorth-southaxisisitsarrow.
thiswasmeanttoshowthattheemperorsruledthecountryonbehalfofgod.
(infrontofthegateofsupremeharmony)
theforbiddencityconsistsofanoutercountyardandaninnerenclosure.
theoutcountyardcoversavastspacelyingbetweenthemeridiangateandthegateofheavenlypurity.
the“threebighalls”ofsupremeharmony,completeharmonyandpreservingharmonyconstitutethecenterofthisbuildinggroup.
flankingtheminbilateralsymmetryaretwogroupsofpalaces:
wenhua(prominentscholars)andwuying(bravewarriors).
thethreegreathallsarebuiltonaspacious“h”-shaped,8-meter-high,triplemarbleterrace,eachlevelofthetripleterraceistallerthantheonbelowandallareencircledbymarblebalustradescarvedwithdragonandphoenixdesigns.
therearethreecarvedstonestaircaseslinkingthethreearchitectures.
thehallofsupremeharmonyisalsothetallestandmostexquisiteancientwooden-structuredmansioninallofchina.
fromthepalaceofheavenlypurithnorthwardiswhatisknownastheinnercourt,whichisalsobuiltinbilaterallysymmetricalpatterns.
inthecenterarethepalaceofheavenlypurity,thehallofunionandpeaceandpalaceofearthlytranquility,aplacewheretheemperorslivedwiththeirfamiliesandattendedtostateaffairs.
flankingthesestructuresarepalacesandhallsinwhichconcubinesandprinceslived.
therearealsothreebotanicalgardenswithintheinnercount,namely,theimperialgarden,caninggardenandquailinggarden.
aninnergoldenwaterriverflowseastwardlywithintheinnercourt.
thebrookwindsthroughthreeminorhallsorpalacesandleadsoutoftheforbiddencity.
itisspannedbythewhitejadebridge.
theriverislinedwithwinding,marble–carvedbalustrades.
mostofthestructureswithintheforbiddencityhaveyellowglazedtileroofs.
asidefromgivingprominencetothenorth-southaxis,otherarchitecturalmethodswereappliedtomakeeverygroupofpalatialstructuresuniqueintermsofterraces,roofs,mythicalmonstersperchingontheroofsandcolored,drawingpatterns.
withthese,thegrandcontouranddifferenthierarchicspectrumofthecomplexwerestrengthened.
folklorehasitthattherearealtogether9,999room-unitsintheforbiddencity.
sinceparadiseonlyhas10,000rooms,thesonofheavenonearthcutthenumberbyhalfaroom.
itisalsorumouredthatthishalf–roomislocatedtothewestofthewenyuangepavilion(imperiallibrary).
asamatteroffact,althoughtheforbiddencityhasmorethan9,000room-units,thishalf-roomisnonexistent.
thewenyuangepavilionisalibrarywhere“sikuquanshu”-china`sfirstcomprehensiveanthology-wasstored.
(afterwalkingpastthegateofsupremeharmony)
ladiesandgentlemen,thegreathallweareapproachingisthehallofsupremeharmony,thebiggestandtallestofitskingintheforbiddencity.
thisstructurecoversatotalbuildingspaceof2,377squaremeters,andisknowforitsupturned,multiplecounterparteaves.
thehallofsupremeharmonysitsonatriple“h”-shapedmarbleterracetheis8metershighandlinkedbystaircases.
thestaircaseonthegroundfloorhas21stepswhilethemiddleandupperstairwayseachhave9.
theconstructionofthehallofsupremeharmonybeganin1406.
itburneddownthreetimesandwasseverelydamagedonceduringamutiny.
theexistingarchitecturewasbuiltduringtheqingdynasty.
onthecornersoftheeavesalineofanimal-nailswereusuallyfastenedtothetiles.
theseanimal-nailswerelaterreplacewithmythicalanimalstowardoffevilspirits.
therearealtogether9suchfastenersontopofthishall.
thenumberninewas
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