大学英语跨文化交际 全套课件PPT资料.pptx
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大学英语跨文化交际 全套课件PPT资料.pptx
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3.IftheprogramproducercomestoChinatomaketheprogram,howdoyouthinkaChineseintervieweewillanswerthequestionsraisedbythehost?
Trytorole-playitwithyourpartner.,TextA:
TheNatureofCulture,Thinkaboutthefollowingsimilesandmetaphors,howdoyouthinkcultureisrelatedtothereferences?
1.Cultureislikeaniceberg.2.Cultureisoursoftware.3.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin.4.Cultureisthegrammarofourbehavior.,1.CultureIsLikeAnIceberg,艺术、文学、戏剧、古典音乐、流行音乐等。
民族舞蹈、游戏、烹饪、服饰,谦虚的概念、审美观、教育子女的理念、对后代的规范、宇宙观、与动物的关系、上下级的关系模式、如何定义罪孽、求爱的方式、公平的概念、工作的动机、领导的概念、工作的速度、集体决策的模式、洁净的概念、对于独立的态度、疾病的理论、解决问题的方法、对于地位稳定性的理解、眼神交流、与年龄、性别、阶层、职业、亲情等有关的角色认识、对于不安全的定义、友谊的本质、对于“自我”的定义、视觉感知模式、肢体语言、面部表情、对于逻辑和效度的理解、处理情感的方式、不同社会情景下交谈模式、对于过去和未来的看待方式、对于时间的安排、对于竞争或合作的喜好、社交比率、青春期的概念、对于空间的利用等。
1.CultureIsLikeAnIceberg,Someoftheelementsarevisible,whilemostarenot.Powerfulfoundationlikehistory,norms,values,beliefsaboutspace,nature,time,etc.Thevisiblepartsaretheexpressionsoftheinvisibleparts.Itisdifficulttounderstandpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds.,2.CultureIsOurSoftware,2.CultureIsOurSoftware,Thephysicalbodyislikethehardwareofacomputer.Itisprogrammedbyourhomeculture.Aninfantlearnshowtobehumaninaculturallyspecificway.Wearevaguelyawareofthe“software”asweuseit.,3.CultureIsLiketheWateraFishSwimsIn,3.CultureIsLiketheWateraFishSwimsIn,Humancannotlivewithoutculture.Cultureiswhattheworldislikeforus.Wetakeforgrantedtheculturewherewelivein.,4.CultureIstheGrammarofOurBehavior,Wehaverulesindoingthingswhichislikegrammarinlanguage.Weapplytherulesautomaticallyandunconsciously.,WhatdoesawhitesarisymbolizeinIndia?
AndintheWest?
CUSTOMS:
WHITEDRESS?
AccordingtoTheConciseOxfordDictionary,cultureis“theartsandothermanifestationsofhumanintellectualachievementregardedcollectively”.,TextB,DefiningCulturefromtheAnthropologicalPerspectiveDefiningCulturefromthePsychologicalPerspectiveDefiningCulturefromtheSociologicalPerspectiveDefiningCulturefromtheInterculturalPerspectiveOurDefinitionofCulture,1.DefiningCulturefromtheAnthropologicalPerspective,“Cultureconsistsofpatterns,explicitandimplicit,ofandforbehavioracquiredandtransmittedbysymbols,constitutingthedistinctiveachievementofhumangroups,includingtheirembodimentsinartifacts;
theessentialcoreofcultureconsistsoftraditionalideasandespeciallytheirattachedvalues”.-KroeberandKluckhohn,2.DefiningCulturefromthePsychologicalPerspective,cultureisthecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanother.-GeertHofstede,3.DefiningCulturefromtheSociologicalPerspectiveAccordingtothesocialscientists:
“Cultureisdefinedasapatternoflearned,group-relatedperceptionincludingbothverbalandnonverballanguages,attitudes,values,beliefsystem,disbeliefsystems,andbehavior”.,Activity:
KeywordsFindoutthekeywordssharedbythethreedefinitionsabove.Writethemdownandtrytomakeupyourowndefinitionofcultureaccordingtothekeywords.Keywords:
“Cultureisasystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behavioursandartifactsthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.”BatesandPlog,4.DefiningCulturefromtheInterculturalPerspective,Howhaveforeignculturesinfluencedyou?
Areyouadaptabletosomebasicchangesinyourlife?
Wedefinecultureas“thedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.”,CONCLUSION:
CULTUREISAMANSSECONDNATUREAWAYOFOVERCOMINGVULNERABILITACQUIREDTHROUGHSOCIALIZATIONTHUS,MANISTHEPRODUCEROFCULTURANDTHEPRODUCTOFCULTURE,Fourdefinitionsof“Culture”,I,S_,P_,A,ADAPTIVE,PERVASIVE,INTEGRATED,DYNAMIC,LEARNED,CULTUREIS,TextCTheCharacteristicsofCulture,1.CultureIsLearne,d,Activity:
GroupWorkHaveyoulearnedculturethroughtheabovechannels?
Discusswithyourgroupmembersandgiveexamplesofyourownexperiencesoflearningculture.,2.CultureIsDynamic,Activity:
ExploringIdeasDoyouknowanyothereventsthathavegreatinfluenceonculture?
Tellyourpartnerhowthefollowingeventschangedculture.1.Chinaspolicyofreformandopening-up2.TheUnitedStatesenteringWWII3.TheatomicbombinginJapaninWWII,3.CultureIsPervasive,Liketheairwebreathe,culturepenetratesintoeveryaspectofourlifeandinfluencesthewaywethink,thewaywetalk,andthewaywebehave.,4.CultureIsIntegrated,Wesometimesbreakdownandisolatevariouspartsofcultureandtalkaboutthemasiftheyareseparateparts.However,inreality,culturefunctionsasanintegratedwholeanditissystemic.,5.CultureIsAdaptive,Historyaboundswithexamplesofhowcultureshavechangedbecauseoflaws,naturaldisasters,wars,orothercalamities.,CULTURE:
ELEMENTS,MATERIALORARTIFACTmusic,painting,cuisineINSTITUTIONALfamily,education,lawVALUESANDBELIEFSfreedom,democracy,equality,INVISIBLESMALLCPOPULAR,VISIBLECULTUREBIGCCULTURECULTUREHIGHCULTURECULTURE,DISTINCTION,CULTURALIDENTITYCulturalidentityreferstoonessenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorethnicgroup.Peopleconsciouslyidentifythemselveswithagroupthathasasharedsystemofsymbolsandmeaningsaswellasnormsforconduct.,TextDCulturalIdentity,ChinesefamousKongFumoviestar,expresseshisloyaltytoChineseculturebywearingChinesetraditionalclothesandadvocatingChineseculture.,TheprocessoftheformationofCulturalIdentity,CharacteristicsofCulturalIdenticyCentraltoonessenseofselfDynamicandchangeableMulti-faced,TextECulturesWithinCulture,Subcultureidentifywithdistinctivevalues,normsandrules.Existwithindominantculturesandoftenbasedoneconomicorsocialclass,ethnicity,raceorgeographicregion.Co-cultureSub-groupnotaccumulatingvaluesandpatternsofbehaviorsovergeneration.,大学英语跨文化交际,Chapter2CommunicationandInterculturalCommunication,EssayQuestionsforChapter1,Howdoyoudefineculture?
Howdoesonesculturalidentityoftendevelop?
Namethethreestagesandexplainprecisely.Whatarethedifferencesbetweensubcultureandsubgroup?
Learningobjectives:
Inthischapter,studentswilllearnhowto:
UnderstandthedefinitionandcomponentsofcommunicationDescribethecharacteristicsofcommunicationSummarizethedefinitionofinterculturalcommunicationEvaluatetheformsofinterculturalcommunication,CommunicationandInterculturalCommunication,Communication,CultureandCommunication,InterculturalCommunication,CommunicationDefined,ComponentsofCommunication,InterculturalCommunicationDefined,FormsofInterculturalCommunication,CharacteristicsofCommunication,Dynamic,Systemic,Symbolic,IrreversibleTransactionalSelf-reflectiveContextual,Lead-inCase:
SheHasThreeHands,SupposeyouaretheChinesedoctor,ifyouarecommunicatingwiththeCanadianphysiotherapist,howwouldyourespondtothesituation?
Whatcausedtheircommunicationconflicts?
Whatdoyouthinkofthedifferentcommunicationstylesofthetwodoctors?
ThedefinitionofcommunicationComponentsofcommunication,TextA:
Communication,TextA:
Communication,ThewordcommunicationisderivedfromtheLatinword“communicare”meaningtosharewithortomakecommon.Thestudyofcommunicationissaidtohavebegunsome2500yearsagoinGreecewithAristotlesRhetoricandPoetics,whichdescribedtheprocessofcommunicationasinvolvingaspeaker,thespeechact,anaudienceandapurpose.,WesternPerspectiveofcommunicationEasternperspectiveofcommunication,1.Thedefinitionofcommunication,WesternPerspectiveofcommunication,Inwesterncultures,communicationisstudiedasthemeansoftransmittingideas.Westernculturesemphasizethinstrumentalfunctionofcommunication;
thatis,effectivenessisevaluatedintermsofsuccessinthemanipulationofotherstoachieveonespersonalgoal.,Easternperspectiveofcommunication,DefinitionsofcommunicationfrommanyAsiancountriesstressharmony,whichismostnotableincultureswithaConfuciantradition.Easternculturesunderstandingwoulddefinecommunicationasaprocesswhereallpartiesaresearchingtodevelopandmaintainasocialrelationship.,2.Componentsofcommunication,Amessageisanysignalthattriggerstheresponseofareceiver.Encoding(编码)Encodingreferstotheactivityduringwhichthesendermustchoosecertainwordsornonverbalmethodstosendanintentionalmessage.Channel/Medium(渠道)Channel/Mediumisthemethodusedtodeliveramessage.,Message(信息),Sender/Source(信息源)Asender/sourceisthepersonwhotransmitsamessage.,Receiver(信息接收者),Areceiverisanypersonwhonoticesandgivessomemeaningtoamessage.Decoding(解码)Decodingistheactivityduringwhichthereceiverattachesmeaningtothewordsorsymbolshe/shehasreceived.Feedback(反馈)Theresponseofareceivertoasendersmessageiscalledfeedback.Noise(干扰)Noiseisatermusedforfactorsthatinterferewiththeexchangofmessages,includingexternalnoise,physiologicalnoise,psychologicalnoiseandsemanticnoise.Noiseisinevitable.,
(1)ExternalNoise,Soundsthatdistractcommunicators:
voicesinthenextroom;
annoyingringofsomeonescellphoneinameeting;
etc.Othertypesofexternalnoisethatdontinvolvesound:
(2an)PovheyrcsrioowlodgeidcraoloNmooirseasmellycigari
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