北京英语导游词Word下载.docx
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北京英语导游词Word下载.docx
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DuringtheMingandQingdynasties,Tian&
anmenwastheplacewherestateceremoniestookplace.Themostimportantoneofthemwastheissuingofimperialedicts,whichfollowedthesesteps:
1)TheMinisterofRiteswouldreceivetheedictinTaihedian(HallofSupremeHarmony),wheretheEmperorwasholdinghiscourt.Theministerwouldthencarrythedecreeonayunpan(trayofcloud),andwithdrawfromthehallviaTaihemen(GateofsupremeHarmony)
2)TheMinisterwouldputthetrayinaminiaturelongting(dragonpavilion).BeneathayellowumbrellaandcarryitviaWumen(MeridianGate),toTian&
anmenGatetower.
3)Acourtierwouldbeinvestedtoproclaimtheedict.Thecivilandmilitaryofficialsliningbothsidesofthegatewaybeneaththetowerwouldprostratethemselvesinthedirectionoftheemperorinwaitingforthedecreetotheproclaimed.
4)Thecourtierwouldthenputtheedictinaphoeni_-shapedwoodenbo_andloweritfromthetowerbymeansofasilkcord.ThedocumentwouldfinallybecarriedinasimilartrayofcloudunderayellowumbrellatotheMinistryofRites.
5)Theedict,copiedonyellowpaper,wouldbemadeknowntothewholecountry.
SuchaprocesswashistoricallyrecordedasImperialEdictIssuedbyGoldenPhoeni_.
DuringtheMingandQingdynastiesTian&
anmenwasthemostimportantpassage.ItwasthisgatethattheEmperorandhisretinuewouldgothroughontheirwaytothealtarsforritualandreligiousactivities.
OntheWestsideofTian&
anmenstandsZhongshanPark(Dr.SunYat-sen&
sPark),andontheeastside,theWorkingPeople&
sCulturalPalave.TheParkwasformerlycalledShejitan(AltarofLandandGrain),builtin1420forofferingsacrificialitemstotheGodofLand.Itwasopenedtothepublicasaparkin1914anditsnamewaschangedin1928tothepresentoneinmemoryofthegreatpioneeroftheChineseDemocraticRevolution.
TheWorkingPeople&
sCulturalPalaceusedtobeTaimiao(theSupremeAncestralTemple),wheretabletsofthedeceaseddynasticrulerswerekept.
ThestreaminfrontofTian&
anmeniscalledWaijinshuihe(OuterGoldenRiver),withsevenmarblebridgesspanningoverit.Ofthesesevenbridges,historicalrecordssaythemiddleonewasforthee_clusiveuseoftheemperorandwasaccordinglycalledYuluqiao(ImperialBridge).ThebridgesflankingitoneithersideweremeantforthemembersoftheroyalfamilyandwerethereforecalledWanggongqiao(Royal&
sBridges).FartherawayoneachsideofthetwowerebridgesforofficialsrankingabovethethirdorderandwerenamedPinjiqiao(ministerialBridges).TheremainingtwobridgeswerefortheusebytheretinuebelowthethirdorderandwrecalledGongshengqiao(commonBridges).TheyanrtheoneinfrontoftheSupremeAncestralTempletotheeastandtheoneinfrontoftheAltaroflandandGraintothewest.
ThetwostonelionsbytheGateofTian&
anmen,oneoneachsideweremeantassentries.Theygazetowardthemiddlea_is,guardingtheemperor&
swalkway.InfrontofthegatestandsapairofmarblecolumnscalledHuabiao.Theyareelaboratelycutinbas-relieffollowingthepatternofalegendarydragon.Behindthegatestandsanotherpairofsimilarcolumns.ThestoryofHuabiaomaybetracedtoacoupleofsources.OneoftheversionsaccreditsitsinventiontooneoftheChinesesagekingsnamedYao,whowassaidtohavesetupawoodenpillarinordertoallowtheordinarypeopletoe_poseevil-doers,henceitwasoriginallycalledaslanderpillar.Lateritwsreducedtoasignpost,andnowitservesasanornament.
Thebeastsittingonthetopofthecolumniscalledhou,alegendaryanimal,whichissaidtohavebeenawatcherofanemperor&
sbehaviour.Hewasdoingsuchdutiesaswarningtheemperoragainststayingtoolongoutsidethepalaceorindulginginpleasureandurginghimtogotothepeoplefortheircomplaintsorreturninduetime.Therefore,thetwopairsofbeastsweregiventhenamesWangjunhui(E_pectingtheemperor&
scomingback)andwangjunchu(E_pectingtheemperor&
sgoingout)respectinvely.
Intheolddays,Tian&
anmen,asapartoftheImperialCity,wasmeantforimportantoccasions.Thetworowsofchaofang(antechamber),onthesidesbehindthemaingate,wrereservedforcivilandmilitarymembersofthegovernmentwaitingforimperialaudienceandinfrontofthegate,wereofficesofimperialadministration.
OnOctober1,1949,chairmanMaoZedongproclaimedonTian&
anmenRostrumthefoundingofthePeople&
sRepublicofChina.SincethenTian&
anmenhasbeenthesymbolofNewChine\a.ChairmanMao&
sportraitishungabovethecentralentrance,flankedbytwoslogans:
LongLivetheGreatUnityofthePeoplesoftheWorld.Today,thesplendourofTian&
anmenattractsmillionofvisitorsfromallovertheworld.TheRostrumonitstopwasopenedin1988tothepublicforthefirsttimeinitshistory.ItoffersapanoramicviewoftheSquareandthecityproper.
anmenSquare
SituatedduesouthofTian&
anmen,theSquarehasanareaof44hectares(109acres)thatcanaccommodateasmanyasonemillionpeopleforpublicgatherings.IthaswitnessedmayhistoricaleventsinChina&
smodernhistoryandisaplaceforcelebrationsonsuchfestivedaysasinternationalLabourDayonMay1standnationalDayonOctober1st.
AroundtheSquareareseveralfamousbuildings:
1TheGreatHallofthePeople
Thisisoneofthelargestcongressionalbuildingsintheworld.Builtin1959,thehallconsistsofthreeparts:
a10,000-seatauditoriuminthecenter,abanquethallinthenorthwingfacingChang&
anStreet,withaseatingcapacityof5,000,andofficesfortheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeoples&
CongressofChinainthesouth.Inaddition,thirty-fourreceptionchambersarenamedaftervariousprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundetheCentralGovernment,plusHongKongandMacao.Eachisdifferentfromtheotherindecorationandfurnishingstostresstheirlocalfeatures.
2TheMuseumofChineseHistoryandtheMuseumoftheChineseRevolution
Thesetwomuseumswerealsobuiltin1959.themuseumofChineseHistoryhousesapermanente_hibitioninfourparts,coveringtheentireprocessofChinesehistoryspanningfrom1.7millionyearsagoto1919:
1)ThePrimitiveSociety(1.7millionyearsagotothe21stcenturyBC);
2)TheSlaveSociety(21stcenturyBCto476BC.);
3)TheFeudalSociety(475BC.To1840AD.);
4)TheSemi-ColonialandSemi-FedualSociety(1840to1919.)
TheMuseumoftheChineseRevolutioncoverstheperiodfrom1919to1949.
3TheMonumenttothePeople&
sHeroes
themonumentwasbuiltinmemoryofthousandsofmartyrswhodiedfortherevolutionarycauseoftheChinesepeople.ItsconstructionbeganonAugust1,1952andwasnotcompleteduntil1958.intheformofanobelisk,theMonumentasmadeofmorethan17,000piecesoftraniteandwhitemarble.ThepurplepieceinlaidinthefrontoftheMonumentwasbroughtfromQingdao,ShandongProvince.Itis38meters(124ft8in)high,theloftiestofitskindeverseeninthecountry.Notonlyisitanhistoricmemorialforimmortalheroes,butalsoitisanartisticworkofe_cellentarchitecturalvalue.
OnthefrontsideoftheMonumentisanengravedinscriptioninChinesecharacterswrittenbyChairmanMaoZedong,whichreadsEternalGlorytothePeople&
sHeroes!
.OnthebackoftheMonumentisanarticlewrittenbyChairmanMao,butinChinesecalligraphybythelatePremierZhouEnlai.
AtthetopoftheMonumentareeightgiganticcarvedwreathesofsuchflowersaspeony,lotusandchrysanthemum,symbolizingnobility,purity,andfortitude.AtthebaseofthemonumentareeightmarblereliefsdepictingtheChinesehistoriceventssince1840.Theyare:
1)TheBurningofOpiumin1840:
2)Theuprisingof1851inJintian,Guang_i;
3)TheRevolutionof1911;
4)TheMayFourthMovementof1919;
5)TheMay30thMovementof1925;
6)TheUprisingof1927inNanchang,Jiang_i;
7)TheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggressionfrom1937to1945;
8)TheVictoriousCrossingovertheYangtzeRiverbythePeoples&
sLiberationArmyin1949.ThisreliefisflankedbytwosmalleronesSupplyingtheFrontandGreetingtheP.L.A..
4ChairmanMao&
sMausoleum
ChairmanMaoZedong,thefounderofthePeople&
sPepublicofChina,passedawayonSepember9,1976.Incommemorationofthisgreatman,amausoleumbegantobeconstructedinNovember1976,andwascompletesinAugustthefollowingyear.TheMausoleumwasofficiallyopenedonSeptember9,1977.
Themausoleumissurroundedbyfourgroupsofsculpture.EastofthenorthernentranceisthesculpturedepictingtheperiodoftheNewDemocraticRevolution(1919-1949),andwestofitistheonesignifyingthegreatachievementsoftheChinesepeopledurin
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