SAT OG 解析3整理版文档格式.docx
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SAT OG 解析3整理版文档格式.docx
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Althoughsuchcharactersarefictional,thesamemotivesofcharityandmoralityhaveinspirednumerouspeopleinhistorytosetasidetheirdesires.LyndonB.Johnson,FormerPresidentoftheUnitedStates,pushedtheCivilRightsActof1964throughCongressmotivatedbyconscienceandadesiretocorrecttheimmoralityofracisminsociety.ThoughsomeSenatorsstridentlyopposedsuchabill,thepowerofmotivationbyconscienceimpassionedJohnsontostriveevenhardertoremainloyaltotheAmericanpreceptsofequality.Suchisfruitionofconscientiousactions.
Thoughthegreatfiguresofhistoryseemoutofreachintheirstature,asanindividualIamfacedwithmoraldilemmasratheroften.Forexample,Ihavebeenofferedmoreweightypositionsonthenewspaper,butasarule,IhavealwaysrefusedwhentherewassomeonebetterqualifiedthanI.Consequently,theirtalentsresultinamoreimprovedissue,therebyincreasingthebenefitforall.
Thereinliesthereasonwhywearecompelledbyconscience.Money,fameandpowerarefleetingandinsubstantial,fortheycannevermendtheintegritysacrificedtoobtainthem.Itisonlywhenweactinthenameofwhatisrightthatallofourpossibletalentsmaybenefitourselves,ourpeers,andourideals.
Section3
ANSWERSANDEXPLANATIONS
ExplanationforCorrectAnswer
D:
Choice(D)iscorrect."
Toxic"
meanspoisonousorharmfultohealth.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"
Foralongtime,mostdoctorsmaintainedthattakingmassivedosesofvitaminswasrelativelyharmless;
now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbetoxic."
Theword"
however"
showsthatthesituationdescribedinthefirstpartofthesentencewillcontrastwiththatdescribedinthesecondpartofthesentence.Thisexpectationisborneoutinthesentencebecauseabeliefthattakinglargedosesofvitaminsisharmlesswasreplacedwithabeliefthatsuchdosesarequiteharmful.
ExplanationforIncorrectAnswer
A:
Choice(A)isincorrect."
Healthy"
inthiscontextmeansgoodforthebody.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"
now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbehealthy."
Sincehealthisaconditionthateveryonedesiresorwantstomaintain,noonewouldthinkofwarningpeoplethatacertainsubstancecanbehealthy.Inaddition,withtheinsertionof"
healthy"
intothesentence,themeaningofthefirstpartofthesentencedoesnotcontrastwiththatofthesecondpart.Therefore,theexpectationsetupbytheword"
isnotsatisfied.
B:
Choice(B)isincorrect."
Expensive"
meanscostingalot.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"
now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbeexpensive."
Itwouldnottakedoctorstowarnpeoplethatlargedosesofvitaminscanbeexpensive;
anyonewhobuysvitaminscouldmakethatjudgmentwellenough.Inaddition,thecontrastsetupbytheword"
isnotsatisfiedbymentioningthehealthconsequencesofvitaminsinonepartofthesentenceandtheircostintheotherpart,asthecontrastshouldbeinthesamearea:
healthful/unhealthfulorexpensive/cheap.
C:
Choice(C)isincorrect."
Wasteful"
meansusingmorethanisnecessary.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"
now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbewasteful."
Thedoctors'
commentinthefirstpartofthesentenceisnotthatmassivedosesofvitaminsareanefficientuseofresources,onlythatthosedoseswouldnotcauseproblems.Sosayinginthesecondpartofthesentencethatdoctorsnowwarnthatsuchmassivedosagescanbewastefuldoesnotprovidethetypeofsharpcontrastthatthereaderexpectsfromtwoclausesthatarejoinedbytheword"
however."
E:
Choice(E)isincorrect."
Inane"
meanssilly.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"
now,however,somearewarningthatexcessivedosagescanbeinane."
Thedoctorsdonotsayinthefirstpartofthesentencethattakingmassivedosesofvitaminsisasmartthingtodo;
theyjustsaythatsuchmassivedosesarerelativelyharmless.Therefore,sayinginthesecondpartofthesentencethatdoctorsnowwarnthatsuchmassivedosagescanbeinanedoesnotprovidetheclearcontrastthatthereaderexpectsfromtwoclausesthatarejoinedbytheword"
2
Choice(D)iscorrect.“Scrutinize”meanstoexamineveryclosely.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroinescrutinizesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Awriterwhocriticallyexaminestheassumptionsandvaluesofsomethingisbydefinitionscrutinizingit.
Choice(A)isincorrect.“Idealize”meanstoshowsomethingasmorenearlyperfectthanistrue.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroineidealizesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Someonewhoactuallydoescriticallyexaminetheassumptionsandvaluesofapartofsocietycannotbesaidtobeidealizingsociety.Whensomethingiscriticallyexamined,theexaminationislikelytorevealproblemsofsomesort.Eveniftheexaminationuncoverednoflaws,theresultingpositiveevaluationwouldproperlybecalledrealistic,notidealistic.
Choice(B)isincorrect.“Avoid”meanstostayawayfrom.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroineavoidsheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Itisalmostimpossibletocriticallyexaminetheassumptionsandvaluesofapartofsocietywhiletryingtostayfarawayfromthatsociety.
Choice(C)isincorrect.“Beautify”meanstomakesomethinglookgood.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroinebeautifiesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Whensomeonecriticallyexaminestheassumptionsandvaluesofasocialsystem,theresultalmostnevermakesthesystemlookworsethanbefore,buteveniftheexaminationrevealednoflaws,atrulycriticalexaminationcannotreasonablybecalledabeautificationbecausetheexaminationdoesnotitselfcausethethingtolookgood.
Choice(E)isincorrect.“Exclude”inthiscontextmeanstorefusetoconsider.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread“InJamaicaKincaid’snovelLucy,theWestIndianheroineexcludesheremployers’world,criticallyexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.”Itissimplynotpossibletorefusetoconsidersomethingwhileatthesametimeexaminingitsassumptionsandvalues.
3
Choice(C)iscorrect."
Testifyto"
inthiscontextmeanstoprovideevidenceof.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"
Thefrequentnamechangesthatthecountryhasundergonetestifytothepoliticalturbulencethathasattendeditsrecenthistory."
Countriesrarelychangetheirnamesunlesssomeimportantpoliticalforceshavecausedthemtodoso.Thus,namechangesprovidesomeevidencethatacountryhassufferedpoliticalunrest.
Argueagainst"
meanstoprovidereasonsnottobelievesomepointofview.Ifoneweretoinsertthistermintothetext,thesentencewouldread"
Thefrequentnamechangesthatthecountryhasundergoneargueagainstthepoliticalturbulencethathasattendeditsrecenthistory."
Sincecountrieschangetheirnamesonlywhensomepoliticalpressuref
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