词汇学.docx
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词汇学.docx
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词汇学
题库
(1)
I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfourchoices.Pleasechoosetheonethatbestcompleteseachstatement.(10%)
1.Inthewordinternationalists,nationis________.
A.rootB.StemC.baseD.root,stem,base
2.________isthemostimportantofallcharacteristicsofthebasicwordstock.
A.ProductivityB.StabilityC.CollocabilityD.Allnationalcharacter
3.Nonbasicvocabularyincludesallofthefollowingexcept________.
A.slangB.Anglo-SaxonwordsC.argotsD.neologisms
4.Itisassumedthattheworldhas3000languages,whichcanbegroupedintoroughly_languagefamiliesonthebasisofsimilaritiesintheirbasicwordstockandgrammar.
A.200B.300C.400D.500
5.ThefollowinglanguagesallbelongtotheEasternsetexcept________.
A.Balto-SlavicB.Indo-IranianC.ArmenianD.Italic
6.IntheEasternset,Armenianand________arethesolemodernlanguagesinthetworespectivefamilies.
A.AlbanianB.RussianC.SlovenianD.Lithuanian
7.Theminimalmeaningfulunitsinalanguageareknownas__________.
A.wordsB.AllomorphsC.morphemesD.morphs
8.The________are"actualspoken,minimalcarriersofmeaning".
A.morphsB.AllomorphsC.morphemesD.allophones
9.Morphemesare_____units,whicharerealizedinspeechbydiscreteunitsknownas_______
A.concrete;allomorphsB.abstract;morphs
C.abstract;lexemesD.concrete;morphs
10.30%to40%ofthetotalnumberofnewwordsinEnglishareproducedthrough_________.
A.compoundingB.affixation
C.conversionD.shortening
11.Theprefixesmal-inmaltreat,mis-inmisleadingandpseudo-inpseudo-scientificare________prefixes.
A.negativeB.reversative
C.pejorativeD.locative
12.Awordisthecombinationof________and________.
A.spelling,soundB.form,meaning
C.spelling,meaningD.sound,meaning
13.Byformwereferto________.
A.itssymbolsB.itsspelling
C.itspronunciationD.bothitspronunciationandspelling
14.Referenceistherelationshipbetweenlanguageand________.
A.theworldB.theconcept
C.thesenseD.themotivation
15.Allofthefollowingaresenserelationsexcept________.
A.polysemyB.amelioration
C.homonymyD.antonymy
16.________isacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguagesbecausethemajorityofwordshavemorethanonemeaning.
A.HyponymyB.Synonymy
C.PolysemyD.Homonymy
17.Whichofthefollowingwordsdoesnotundergotheprocessofnarrowingofmeaning?
A.Meat.B.Liquor.
C.Disease.D.Journal.
18.________factoristheonethatoftencontributestotheassociatedtransferofmeaningandeuphemisticuseofwords,etc.
A.ScientificB.Psychological
C.HistoricalD.Internal
19.Thechangeofwordmeaningisachievedbymodesof____
A.degradationandelevationB.transferenceandeuphemism
C.extensionandnarrowingD.alltheabove
20.Awordhasmeaningonlywhenaconnectionhasbeenestablishedbetweenthelinguisticsignanda________.
A.referenceB.referent
C.conceptD.sense
II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.(10%)
21.Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,studyingtheoriginsand________ofwords.
22.Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound,meaningand________function.
23.ModernEnglishexpandsitsvocabularychieflythrough________.
24.ThethreemainmeansofcreatingnewwordsinmodernEnglishare________,compoundingandconversion.
25.Theoverwhelmingmajorityofblendsare________.
26.Wordsimitatingnaturalsoundsare________words.
27.Everywordthathasmeaninghassensebutnoteverywordhas_______.
28.Therelationshipbetweenthewordformandmeaningisconventionalandarbitrary,andmostwordscanbesaidtobe_______.
29.Componentialanalysis,accordingtoLeech,istheprocessofbreakingdownthesenseofawordintoits________components.
30.Atthetimewhenthewordswerecreated,itwasendowedwithonlyonemeaning.Thefirstmeaningisthe________meaningandthelattermeaningsare________meaning.
31.________isasemanticprocessinwhichtheprimarymeaningstandsatthecenterandthesecondarymeaningsproceedoutofitineverydirectionlikerays.
32.Extensionand______arethemostcommonmodesofwordmeaningchanges.
33.Narrowingofmeaningisalsoknownas______,whichistheoppositeof______.
34.Theextra-linguisticcontextreferstothe________situation,whichmayextendtoembracetheentire________.
35.Linguisticcontextcanbesubdividedinto_______contextand_____context.
36.Contextcanbedividedinto____and_____context.
37.Regardedasaderivationalprocesswithouttheadditionofanaffix,conversioncanbecalledas_______.
38.________arethemostcompletedescriptionofwordsavailabletous.Theyarelargeinscopeandsize,containingatleast200000headwords.
39.________aremedium-sizedonescontainingwordsrangingfrom50000to150000.Andtheyaremostusedondesk.
40.Basedonthedegreeofsimilarity,homonymsfallintothreetypes:
________,homographsand________.
题库
(2)
I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfourchoices.Pleasechoosetheonethatbestcompleteseachstatement.(10%)
1.Accordingtotheoriginsofthewords,Englishwordscanbeclassifiedinto_________.
A.contentwordsandfunctionalwords
B.nativewordsandborrowedwords
C.basicwordsanddialectalwords
D.loanwordsanddialectalwords
2.Borrowingscanbedividedinto_______.
A.aliens,semanticloans,translationloans,denizens
B.emptywords,notionalwords,formwords,contentwords
C.blends,portmanteauwords,acronyms,initialisms
D.derivatives,compounds,convertedwordsandclippedwords
3.Apartfromthecharacteristicsofbasicvocabulary,nativewordshavetwootherfeatures,namely________.
A.productivityandstability
B.neutralityinstyleandhighfrequencyinuse
C.collocabilityandpolysemy
D.formalityandarbitrariness
4.WhichlanguagedoesnotbelongtotheItalic?
A.Portuguese.B.Spanish.
C.Welsh.D.French.
5.TheearlyinhabitantsoftheBritishIslesspoke________.
A.EnglishB.Celtic
C.ScandinavianD.Hellenic
6.TheGermanicspeakerstookpermanentcontrolofthelandthatwaslatercalled________(thelandofAngles).
A.GermanB.Greece
C.EnglandD.American
7.Whichwordisnotamono-morphemicword?
A.Tree.B.Desire.
C.Look.D.Different.
8.Mostmorphemeswhichcan________bythemselvesand________freelyinasentencearerealizedbysinglemorphs.Wordsofthiskindarecalledmonomorphemicwords.
A.establish;changeB.stand;change
C.stand;functionD.establish;function
9.A________isaformtowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.
A.rootB.stem
C.baseD.headword
10.Theprefixeslikeun-anddis-canberegardedbothasnegativeprefixesandasprivativeprefixes.Thejustificationoftheircategoryliesin________.
A.meaningB.function
C.collocationD.word-class
11.Someprefixesarecategorizedas________sincetheirchieffunctionistochangethebasefromonewordclasstoanother.
A.conversionprefixesB.prefixesoforientationandattitude
C.inflectionalprefixesD.prefixesoftimeandorder
12.Theconnectionbetweenthereferenceofawordandthethingoutsidethelanguageistheresultof________and________.
A.generalization,specificationB.generalization,abstraction
C.abstraction,specificationD.generalization,convention
13.Althoughreferenceisakindofabstraction,yetwiththehelpof________,itcanrefertosomethingspecific.
A.conceptB.sense
C.motivationD.context
14.Thetwoapproachestothedevelopmentofpolysemyare______and________..
A.diachronic;synchronicB.synchronic;syntagmatic
C.synchronic;paradigmaticD.diachronic;syntagmatic
15.Synchronically,thebasicmeaningofawordisthecoreofwordmeaning;itiscalledthe_______meaning.
A.primaryB.secondary
C.centralD.derived
16.Churlusedtobe"apeasant"or"freeman"hasnowcometodenote"uncultivatedormeanperson",whichbelongsto________ofwordmeaning.
A.elevationB.narrowing
C.extensionD.degradation
17.Ministeroriginallymeans"servant"whileinmoderntimeitrefersto"headofthegovernmentalministry".Thismodeofwordmeaningchangeis________.
A.extensionB.elevation
C.degradationD.transfer
18.Contextisofparamountimportancefortheunderstandingofwordmeaningbecausethemeaningisinfluencedimmediatelybythe________environment,andinmanycasesbythewhole________aswell.
A.linguistic;speechsituationB.grammatical;lexicalcontext
C.lexical;linguisticcontextD.lexical;extra-linguisticcontext
19.Contextinitsnarrowsenserefersto________context,andinitsbroadsense,itreferstobothlinguisticandnon-linguisticcontext.
A.lexicalB.non-linguistic
C.linguisticD.grammatical
20.Withcontextthereisgenerallynodangerof________,formeaninglivesincontextandthecontextthrowslighton________.
A.misinterpretation;conceptB.misinterpretation;meaning
C.interpretation;meaningD.understanding;reference
II.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothecoursebook.(10%)
21.Verbcompoundsaregenerallycreatedeitherthrough________orbackformation.
22.Compoundsarelargelytheresultsof________ofphrases.
23.Ifweneedawordwhichisnotfound,wecaneasilymakeonethrough________orrearrangementofword-formingelements.
24.Affectivemeaningindicatesthespeaker's________towardsthepersonorthinginquestion.
25.Inthesentence,"Knowledgeofinequalityhasstimulatedenvy,ambitionandgreed.",ambitionhasa________connotation.
26.Suchwordsasgoody-goody,willy-nillyandfi
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