Learning strategyWord下载.docx
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Learning strategyWord下载.docx
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and
linking.
(2)DirectingAttention
Thismeanspayingattentiontostudyingsomething,andnotdoingotherthingslikesurfingtheInternet.
(3)SelectiveAttention
Thismeansstudyingthingsthatyoucanremembermoreeasily,forexample,becausetheyareusefulforyouruniversitycourseorforyourjob.Ifyouneedtodoapresentationforyourcourseyoucanstudy
presentations,ifyouneedtowriteareportatwork,youcanlearnhowtowritea
report.
(4)Self-management
Thiscanhelpyoulearn,andorganizethem.Forexample,ifyoulikemusic,youwilllearnitinaplace.Youwillalsoneedmaterialslikebooksandmaybeacomputer.CILLhasgoodlearningconditions(butnocoffee!
).
(5)AdvancePreparation
PlanningandlearningEnglishthatyouwillneedforsomething,forexamplelearningthecorrectpronunciationofimportantwordsinapresentation.
(6)Self-monitoring
CorrectingyourselfifyoumakeamistakewhenyouareusingEnglish.Thisisgoodforaccuracy,butnotforfluency.
(7)DelayedProduction
Whenyoufirststarttolearnanewlanguageyoumaydecidenottotryspeakinguntilyouhavelearnedsome
vocabulary,
grammar
andpronunciation.Youmayjustwanttotry
tolisten
first,before
speaking.
(8)Self-evaluation
(Self-assessmentortesting)
DecidingifyouhavefinishedlearningatopicbecauseyourEnglishisgoodenoughtodothethingsyouneed.Clickhereformoredetailson
howtotestyourself.
(9)Self-reinforcement
Thismeansgivingyourselfapresentwhenyouhavesuccessfullylearnedsomething.Forexample,chocolateor10minutesplayingcomputergames.
2.ThinkingStrategies
(1)Grouping
Puttingthingsingroupsandinorderhelpsyoutobuildaframeworkforlearning.Groupingalsoreflectsthewayyourbrainorganizesinformation.Forexample,youcangroupvocabularywordstogetheraccordingtocategorieslikefurniture,animals,officeequipment,etc.Using
mind-maps
isonetypeofgrouping.
(2)Imagery
Thismeansmakingpicturesinyourmindtohelpyourememberthings.
3.SpeakingStrategies
(1)QuestionsforClarification
ThismeanstalkingtoEnglish-speakersandaskingforthemtorepeat,paraphrase(summarizeindifferentwords),explainorgiveexamples.Youcansay:
Repeat:
"
I'
msorry,Ididn'
tcatchthat,canyousaythatagain?
"
Paraphrase:
msorry,I'
mnotsurewhatyoumean.Canyoutellmeagain?
Explain:
Couldyouexplainthatforme?
Examples:
Couldyougivemeanexample?
(2)Recordingyourself
Recordyourselfspeaking,eitheronyourown,orwithotherpeople.Lateryoucanreviewtherecording,listenforproblemssuchassaying"
Um"
toomuch,andresearchanythingthatyoudidn'
tknowhowtosay.
(3)FormagroupofpeopletopracticespeakingEnglish
InCILLyoucanjointhe
SAP
todothiswithateacher.The
EnglishClub
alsorunstheBigMouthCornerforspeakingpractice.
(4)Sing:
YoucansingEnglishsongsthatyoulike,eitheralone,orwithfriends;
e.g.karaoke.
(5)Act
YoucanjoinadramacluborgroupthatputsonEnglishplays.TheELChasa
DramaClub.
(6)Imagine
ImagingthatyouareinasituationwhereyouneedtospeakEnglish;
e.g.asacharacteryoulikeinamovie.Trytoimaginewhatyouwouldsay.
4.PronunciationStrategies
(1)Repetition
Youcanrepeatawordoutloudorsilentlytopracticepronunciation.Becarefultolistentoamodeltomakesurethatyoupronunciationiscorrect.
(2)Sound
ThismeansrememberingEnglishsoundsbyusingsoundsinyourownlanguage.Forexample,theEnglishsound/i:
/isverysimilartotheChinese(Putonghua)soundofthewordthatmeans'
one'
.
5.Writing
Strategies
(1)Note-taking
It’sagoodideatowritedownthemainideas,importantpoints,anoutlineorasummaryofatopic.
(2)Organization
Youcanusea
mind-map,
organisationtool
or
prosandconscalculator
tohelpyouorganizetheinformation.
(3)Proof-reading
Youcanusethisprogramtoautomatically
checkforsomecommonmistakes.
(4)Peer-review
Askafriendtoreadyourtextandcommentonit.Dotheyunderstandit?
Cantheysuggestanyimprovements?
(5)To-dolist
Writealistof10specificproblemsyouhavewithyourwriting.Puttheminorderofseriousnessorsolvability.Workonthehighestpriorityproblemsuntilyousolvethem.Whenyouhavesolvedthem,crossthemout,andaddnewproblemstothebottomofthelist.
6.Reading
(1)
Transfer
Thismeansusingideasthatyoualreadyhavetomakelearningeasier.Forexample,ifyouknowthataparagraph(likeahamburger)usuallyhasanintroduction,amiddlecontainingsupportingdetail,andaconclusion,youcanusethisknowledgeto
skim(readveryquickly,bymissingoutnon-importantinformation,tounderstandthegeneraltopic)atextbecauseyouknowthatyouonlyhavetoreadtheintroductionandconclusionofboththewholetextandtheparagraphs.
(2)Translation
Youcanreadastoryinanewspaperinyourownlanguagefirst,thenreadthesamestoryinan
Englishnewspaper.Mostofthestorywillprobablybethesame,sothestoryinyourownlanguagewillhelpyoutoprepareforreadinginEnglish.Forexample,itwillgiveyouvocabulary,andwhenyoureadtheEnglishstoryandthereissomevocabularythatyoudon'
tknow,thenyoucanuseyourknowledgeofthestorytoguesswhatthenew
vocabulary
is.
(3)Inferencing
Youcanalsousethestrategyofreadinganewspaperstoryinyourownlanguagefirstforprediction.YoucanpredictthecontentsofthesamestoryinanEnglishnewspaper.Readingtoconfirmyourpredictionsiseasierthanreadingwithnobackgroundinformation.Clickhereformoreinformationon
readingnewspapers.
(4)Prediction
Aswellaspredictingfromnewspaperstoriesinyourownlanguage,youcanpredictfromyourknowledgeoftheworld,youknowledgeofhowpeoplethink,writeandtalk,andyourknowledgeofwhatthewriterislike.Forexample,ifyouarereadingabookitisagoodideatoreadabouttheauthorandthecontents(onthecoveroratthefrontofthebook)tohelpyoumakepredictionsaboutwhatheorshebelieves.
7.Listening
(1)PhysicalResponse
Youcanlistentoinstructionsabouthowtodosomething,andfollowtheinstructions.Relatingsoundstomovementshelpsyourememberthesounds.Sodoeslisteningtothesoundsmanytimesandrepeatingthemovements.ForexampleyoucanbuyanEnglishfitnessvideoandlistenandfollowtheinstructions,andgetfitatthesametime.
(2)Prediction
Youcanpredictwhatsomeoneisgoingtosaybythetopicoftheconversationandyourknowledgeofthatperson'
sopinions.Listeningtoconfirmwhatyoupredictiseasierthanlisteningandtryingtounderstandeverything.Forexample,ifyouarewatchingafilmorTVprogrammeaboutlawyers,youcanpredictthatthedefenselawyerwillsaythathisclientis"
Notguilty."
andgivereasons.Herearesomephrasesandpredictionsaboutthewordsthatwillfollow:
Ithink"
+anopinion.
mafraidthat"
+badnews.
Next,"
+anothertopicorpoint.
Finally,"
+alasttopicorpoint.
But"
+disagreement.
(3)Preparation
Youcanlistentothenewsinyourownlanguage,thenlistentoitinEnglish.ListeninginyourownlanguagewillhelptopredictwhattopicsandvocabularywillbeintheEnglishnews.
(4)
Motivateyourself
Forexample,ifyoulike
movies
ormusic,youcanpracticelisteningtothem.CILLhasalargecollectionofmovies,andsomesongsonCD.
8.GrammarStrategies
(1)Deduction
Thismeansusingrulestoworkouttheanswerorhowtodosomething.Itisespeciallyusefulforgrammar,forexample,Rule:
Tochangenormalspeechtoreportedspeech;
eg.forwritingminutesofameeting,movethetensesbackonepasttense.Example:
Mr.Chan-"
I
willsee
hertomorrow."
Reportedspeech-'
Mr.Chansaidthat
hewouldsee
herthenextday.
(2)Recombination
Thismeansjoiningtogetherthingsyoualreadyknowtomakenewthings.Forexample,ifyouknowthatthe
simplepasttense
isusedtodescribethingsthathappenedinthepastwhichhavefinished,andyouknowthatthe
presentperfecttense
isusedtodescribeexperience,youcanmakeasentencethatincludesbothofthem:
Ifirst
visited
Americain1990.LastsummerI
went
thereagain,soI
havebeen
theretwice."
(3)Writingyourowngrammarbook
Thiscancontainrules,examples(e.g.fromnewspapersormagazines),yournotes(e.g.onthingsyoudon'
tunderstand),listsofexceptions,etc.
(4)Usingnewgrammar
Afteryoulearnsomenewgrammar,useitinconversationorwriting,andseewhatyourlistener'
sorreader'
sreactionis:
dotheyunderstandyou?
Youcanask"
DidIsaythatright?
(5)Getagrammarbook:
cometoCILLorgotoabookshopandlookatthedifferentgrammarbooks.Chooseonethatyouunderstand.
(6)Readandlisten
ToseehowwritersandspeakersuseEnglishgrammartocommunicat
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