考研英语阅读unit8.docx
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考研英语阅读unit8.docx
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考研英语阅读unit8
Unit8
Nothingistobegotwithoutpainsbutpoverty.
世上唯有贫穷可以不劳而获。
学习内容
题材
词数
建议时间
得分统计
做题备忘
PartA
Text1
科普知识
429
/10
Text2
商业经济
421
/10
Text3
文化教育
457
/10
Text4
社会生活
432
/10
PartB
科普知识
592
/10
PartC
文化教育
479
/10
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
Text1
Trafficstatisticspaintagloomypicture.Tohelpsolvetheirtrafficwoes,somerapidlygrowingU.S.citieshavesimplybuiltmoreroads.Buttrafficexpertssaybuildingmoreroadsisaquick-fixsolutionthatwillnotalleviatethetrafficprobleminthelongrun.Soaringlandcosts,increasingconcernoversocialandenvironmentaldisruptionscausedbyroad-building,andthelikelihoodthatmoreroadscanonlyleadtomorecarsandtrafficarepowerfulfactorsbearingdownona1950s-styleconstructionsprogram.
Thegoalofsmart-highwaytechnologyistomaketrafficsystemsworkatoptimumefficiencybytreatingtheroadandthevehiclestravelingonthemasanintegraltransportationsystem.Proponentsofthisadvancedtechnologysayelectronicdetectionsystems,closed-circuittelevisionradiocommunication,rampmetering,variablemessagesigning,andothersmarthighwaytechnologycannowbeusedatareasonablecosttoimprovecommunicationbetweendriversandthepeoplewhomonitortraffic.
Pathfinder,aSantaMonica,California-basedsmart-highwayprojectinwhicha14-milestretchoftheSantaMonicaFreeway,makingupwhatiscalleda“smartcorridor”,isbeinginstrumentedwithburiedloopsinthepavement.Closed-circuittelevisioncamerassurveytheflowoftraffic,whilecommunicationslinkedtoproperlyequippedautomobilesadvisemotoristsoftheleastcongestedroutesordetours.
Notalltrafficexperts,however,looktosmart-highwaytechnologyastheultimatesolutiontotrafficgridlock.Somesaythehigh-techapproachislimitedandcanonlyoffertemporarysolutionstoaseriousproblem.
“Electronicsonthehighwayaddressesjustoneaspectoftheproblem:
howtoregulatetrafficmoreefficiently,”explainsMichaelRenner,seniorresearcherattheWorldwatchInstitute.“Itdoesn’tdealwiththecentralproblemsoftoomanycarsforroadsthatcan’tbebuiltfastenough.Itsendspeoplethewrongmessage.”“Theystartthinking‘Yes,thereusedtobeatrafficcongestionproblem,butthat’sbeensolvednowbecausewehaveanadvancedhigh-techsysteminplace.’”Larsonagreesandadds,“Smarthighwaysisjustoneofthetoolsthatwewillusetodealwithourtrafficproblems.It’snotthesolutionitself,justpartofthepackage.Therearedifferentstrategies.”
Othertrafficproblem-solvingoptionsbeingstudiedandexperimentedwhichincludecarpooling,rapidmass-transitsystems,staggeredorflexibleworkhours,androadpricing,asystemwherebymotoristspayacertainamountforthetimetheyuseahighway
Itseemsthatweneedanew,majorthrusttodealwiththetrafficproblemsofthenext20years.Therehastobeabigchange.
1.Thecompoundword“quick-fix”(Line4,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans
[A]best[B]helpful[C]ready[D]efficient
2.Accordingtothetext,thesmarthighwaytechnologyisaimedto
[A]integratetheroadandthevehiclesonthemintoatransportationsystem
[B]advisemotoristsoftheleastcongestedroutes.
[C]optimizethehighwaycapabilities.
[D]improvecommunicationbetweendriverandthetrafficmonitors.
3.WhichofthefollowingistrueofPathfinder?
[A]It’sagoodexampleofsmarthighwaytechnology.
[B]It’saprojectofa14-milestretchoffreeway.
[C]It'sasmartcorridordealingwithtrafficproblems.
[D]Itoffersultimatesolutionstoaserioustrafficproblem.
4.AccordingtoLarson,todealwiththetrafficproblem,
[A]carpoolingmustbestudied.
[B]rapidmasstransitsystemsmustbeintroduced.
[C]flexibleworkhoursmustbeexperimented.
[D]overallstrategiesmustbecoordinated.
5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?
[A]SmartHighwayProjects—TheUltimateSolutiontoTrafficCongestion.
[B]AQuick-fixSolutionfortheTrafficProblems.
[C]AVenturetoRemedyTrafficWoes.
[D]HighwaysGetSmart—PartofthePackagetoRelieveTrafficGridlock.
Text2
America’seconomicrecoveryremainsuncomfortablyweak.Thelatestdatashowindustrialproductionfallingwhilethetradedeficitsoarstorecordlevels.Toroundoffadismalweekforeconomicstatistics,theFedannouncedthatindustrialproductionfellby0.2%inDecembercomparedwiththepreviousmonth.Thatcameasadisappointmenttoeconomistswhohadbeenexpectingasmallrise.Monthlydataarealwaysunreliable,ofcourse;thereisalwaysaplausibleexplanationforunexpectedlybad(orgood)news.Butnearlyallrecenteconomicstatisticspointtothesameconclusion—thatAmerica’srecoveryremainssluggishanderratic.ItcouldputpressureontheFedtoconsidercuttinginterestratesagainwhenitspolicy-makingcommitteemeetsattheendofthemonth.
Thebiggestobstacletohealthiereconomicperformance,though,ispolitical.AstheFed’schairman,AlanGreenspan,acknowledgedintheclosingmonthsof2002,uncertainaboutthefutureisholdingbothinvestorsandconsumersback.TheshadowythreatofinternationalterrorismandthemuchmoreexplicitprospectofawarwithIraqhavemademanyAmericansnervousaboutthefuture.Forbusinessesstillreelingfromthespeedatwhichthelate-1990sboomturnedtoslump,thepoliticalclimateisonemorereasontoputoffinvestinginnewplantandequipmentorhiringnewstaff.Forconsumers,forsolongthemainstayoftheAmericaneconomy,thethrilloftheshoppingmallseems,finally,tobeonthewane.
Itishardtoputafavorableinterpretationonmostofthedata.Butitisimportanttokeepasenseofperspective.Somerecentfigureslookdisappointingpartlybecausetheyfallshortofover-optimisticforecasts—apersistentweaknessofthosepaidtopredicttheeconomicfuture,nomatterhowoftentheyareprovedwrong.TheFedwillbewatchingcarefullyforfurthersignsofweaknessduringtherestofthemonth.Mr.Greenspanisanavid,evenobsessive,consumerofeconomicdata.HehasmadeitclearthattheFedstandsreadytoreduceinterestratesagainifitjudgesitnecessary—evenafter12cutsinthepasttwoyears.Atitslastmeeting,though,whenitkeptratesonhold,theFedsignaledthatitdidnotexpecttoneedtoreduceratesanyfurther.
Monetarypolicystilloffersthebestshort-termpolicyresponsetoweakeconomicactivity,andwithinflationlowtheFedstillhasscopeforfurtherrelaxation.PresidentBush’smuch-vauntedfiscalstimulusisunlikelytoprovideappropriatehelp,andcertainlynotinatimelyway.
6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAmericaseconomicsituationnow?
[A]Itisflourishing.
[B]Itfacesanuncertainfuture.
[C]Itremainsdepressing.
[D]Itshowsunreliablesigns.
7.Thefigure0.2%inparagraph1indicatesthat
[A]America’seconomicrecoveryisstillshaky.
[B]Economistsaredisappointedatthefutureeconomy.
[C]ItisagoodsignforAmerica’seconomicrecovery.
[D]Thebiggestobstacletohealthiereconomicperformanceispolitical.
8.Whatfactormakesinvestorsputoffinvestinginnewplantandequipment?
[A]Thesluggisheconomicsituation.
[B]Thedirectthreatofinternationalterrorism.
[C]Thepossibilityofinternationalterrorism.
[D]Investors’shortageofcapital.
9.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsomerecentfiguresmentionedinparagraph3?
[A]Optimistic.[B]Skeptical.
[C]Worrisome.[D]Critical
10.Howdoesmonetarypolicyofferhelpforweakeconomicactivity?
[A]Itcanstimulateinvestmentinnewplantandequipment.
[B]Itcanreduceinterestratessoastostimulateweakeconomicactivity.
[C]TheFedtriestokeepinflationlow.
[D]PresidentBushcanofferappropriatemonetarypolicy.
Text3
“Iwanttocriticizethesocialsystem,andtoshowitatwork,atitsmostintense.”VirginiaWoolf’sprovocativestatementaboutherintentionsinwritingMrs.Dallowayhasregularlybeenignoredbythecritics,sinceithighlightsanaspectofherliteraryinterestsverydifferentfromthetraditionalpictureofthe“poetic”novelistconcernedwithexaminingstatesofreverieandvisionandwithfollowingtheintricatepathwaysofindividualconsciousness.ButVirginiaWoolfwasarealisticaswellasapoeticnovelist,asatiristandsocialcriticaswellasavisionary:
literarycritic’scavalierdismissalofWoolf’ssocialvisionwillnotwithstandscrutiny.
Inhernovels,Woolfisdeeplyengagedbythequestionsofhowindividualsareshaped(ordeformed)bytheirsocialenvironments,howhistoricalforcesimpingeonpeople’slives,howclass,wealth,andgenderhelptodeterminepeople’sfates.Mostofhernovelsarerootedinarealisticallyrenderedsocialsettingandinaprecisehistoricaltime.
Woolf’sfocusonsociety’shasnotbeengenerallyrecognizedbecauseofherintenseantipathytopropagandainart.Thepicturesofreformersinhernovelsareusuallysatiricorsharplycritical.EvenwhenWoolfisfundamentallysympathetictotheircauses,sheportrayspeopleanxioustoreformtheirsocietyandpossessedofamessageorprogramasarrogantordishonest,unawareofhowtheirpoliticalideasservetheirownpsychologicalneeds.(HerWriter’sDiarynotes:
“theonlyhonestpeoplearetheartists,whereasthosesocialreformersandphilanthropists...harbor...discreditabledesiresunderthedisguiseoflovingtheirkind...”)Woolfdetestedwhatshecalled“preaching”infiction,too,andcriticizednovelistD.H.Lawrence(amongothers)forworkingbythismethod.
Woolf’sownso
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