Mary shelly Frankenstein的解析复习过程Word下载.docx
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Mary shelly Frankenstein的解析复习过程Word下载.docx
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FrankensteinasScienceFiction
Frankensteincontainselementsofsciencefiction,aliterarygenrefocusingonafictionalstoryofhowscientificexperiments,discoveries,andtechnologiesaffecthumanbeingsforbetterorworse.Sciencefictiondiffersfrompurefantasyinthatitpresentseventsthatappeartobescientificallyplausible.Travelingtoanothergalaxyinaspaceshipisscientificallyplausible.Ridingtothemoononawingedhorseisnotscientificallyplausible.
Publication
TheLondonfirmofLackington,Hughes,Harding,Mavor&
JonespublishedFrankensteinin1818whentheauthor,MaryShelley,wasinherearlytwenties.In1831,theLondonfirmofHenryColbyandRichardBentleypublishedarevisededitionwithanewintroductionbytheauthor.
TheTitleandItsMeaning
ThefulltitleofthenovelisFrankenstein:
ortheNewPrometheus.Itcomparestheprotagonist,VictorFrankenstein,totheGreekgodPrometheus.PrometheuswasthesonofthegodsIapetusandClymene,bothTitans.TheTitans,ledbyCronos,weretheoriginalrulersoftheuniverse;
theywerelateroverthrownbytheOlympians,ledbyZeus.ThenamePrometheuswasformedfromtheGreekpro(before)andmethes(thinking);
thus,hisnamemeansforethought.Heisassociatedwiththecreationofmanfromearthandwaterandwiththebestowalonmanofgiftsthatmadehimsuperiortoanimals.AftertheOlympiansbecamethesupremerulersoftheuniverse,Prometheuscontinuedtolookoutforthewelfareofhumanbeings.Thus,whenthetimecametosacrificeanimalstotherulingOlympians,PrometheusreservedthechoicestpartsofanimalsformanandthefatandbonesfortheOlympians.Zeus,thekingoftheOlympians,eventuallydiscoveredwhatwasgoingon.Inretaliation,hewithheldfirefromman.Fire,ofcourse,wasessentialforprovidingwarmth,makingtools,cookingfood,andotherlife-sustainingactivities.Inturn,PrometheusstolefirefromZeusandreturnedittoman.ZeusthenpunishedPrometheusbychaininghimtoarockonMountCaucasusandsendingdownaneagletofeedconstantlyonPrometheus’sliver.(ToaccesstheGreekplayonthissubject,clickhere.)BecausePrometheuswasimmortal,hisliverrestoreditselfeverytimetheeagleateofit.Thus,Prometheussufferedunrelenting,everlastingtorture.Zeusdeclared,however,thathewouldreleasePrometheusifPrometheusdisclosedtohimknowledgehehadofaplotagainstZeus.ButPrometheusdefiantlyrefusedtodoso.
Ultimately,HerculesfreedPrometheus.ThecomparisonofFrankensteintoPrometheusisapt,forthreereasons.First,likePrometheus,Frankensteinbecameacreator.Second,Frankensteinalsodefiedheaven,forinmakingthemonsterheusurpedpowerreservedforheavenalone.Third,Frankensteinsufferedgreatlyforthisdefiance.Ultimately,deathfreedhim.
Settings
Theactioninthenoveltakesplacein
(1)thecityofGenevainsouthwesternSwitzerland,aswellasthesurroundingcountryside;
(2)Ingolstadt,acityontheDanubeRiverinsouth-centralGermany,notfarfromMunich;
(3)thelowerslopesofMontBlanc,partoftheAlpinemountainrangeontheborderofItalyandFrance;
(4)citiesandotherlocalesinGermanyandTheNetherlands;
(5)LondonandotherEnglishtowns;
(6)theOrkneyIslandsoffthecoastofScotland;
(7)theArcticregionsnorthofRussia;
(8)ashipintheArcticregions.
Characters
VictorFrankenstein:
Youngscientistconsumedbyapassiontodiscoverandcontroltheforcethatsustainshumanlife.Afterheanimateshisartificial,hehasaprofoundchangeofheartinwhichheregretsbringinghiscreaturetolife.
TheMonster:
Grotesqueeight-footcreature.Inasense,heisamanifestationofthedarksideofVictorFrankenstein'
ssoul.
AlphonseFrankenstein:
WealthyandgenerousfatherofVictor.
CarolineFrankenstein:
Kindandlovingmotherofvictor.
ElizabethLavenza:
AdoptedchildofAlphonseandCarolineFrankenstein.SheandVictorbecomeplaymatesaschildrenandfallinloveasyoungadults.
HenryClerval:
LoyalfriendofVictorFrankenstein.
RobertWalton:
ShipcaptainwhotakesVictoraboardintheArctic.HelistenstoandwritesdownVictor’sstrangestory.
MaryWaltonSaville:
SistertowhomRobertWaltonwriteshisletters,whichincludeanaccountofFrankenstein'
slife.TheinitialsofthefictionalMrs.Saville,M.W.S.,arethesameasthoseoftheauthorofFrankenstein,MaryWollstonecraftShelley.
JustineMoritz:
Frankensteinfamilyservantfalselyaccusedofmurder.
William,ErnestFrankenstein:
YoungerbrothersofVictor.
DeLacey:
Blindmanwholiveswithhissonanddaughterinacountrycottage.Hebefriendsthemonster.
Felix,AgathaDeLacey:
Sonanddaughteroftheblindman.Whentheyseethemonsterwiththeirfather,theydrivethemonsteroff.
ProfessorWaldman:
Victor’schemistryinstructorandadvisor.
ProfessorKrempe:
ProfessorwhomVictordislikesbutwhogivesVictorsoundadvice.
Mr.Kirwin:
MagistratewhoarrestsVictorasasuspectinthemurderofHenryClerval.
MadameMoritz:
MotherofJustine.BecauseshedoesnotgetalongwithJustine,sheallowstheFrankensteinstotakeherdaughterin.
PeasantFamily:
ItalianFamilythatcaresforElizabethlivesbeforetheFrankensteinsadopther.
NarrativeApproach
MaryShelleywroteFrankensteinasbothaframetaleandanepistolarynarrative.Followingaredefinitionsoftheseterms:
FrameTale
Aframetaleisastorywithaplotstructureinwhichanauthorusestwoormorenarratorstopresenttheaction.Thefirstnarratorsetsthesceneandreportstothereaderthedetailsofastorytoldbyacharacter.(Insomeframetales,thefirstnarratorreportsthedetailsofseveralstoriestoldbyseveralnarrators.)InFrankenstein,CaptainRobertWalton—aminorcharacter—isthefirstnarrator.HesetsthesceneandlistenstothestorytoldbyVictorFrankenstein,themaincharacter.AlloftheinformationWaltonreportstothereaderisintheformofletterswrittentohissister.Thus,Frankensteinisaframetaleinthatitislikeaframedpainting:
Walton'
sstoryistheframe,andFrankenstein'
sstoryisthepainting.
Someframetales—suchasChaucer'
sCanterburyTalesandBoccaccio'
sTheDecameron—haveseveralnarratorstellingstories"
insidetheframe."
Onefamousframetale—theArabianNights(alsocalledTheThousandandOneNights)—hasonlyonenarrator,asultan'
sbridenamedScheherazade,whotellsmanytales"
insidetheframe,"
includingthewell-knownstoriesofSindbadtheSailor,Aladdinandhismagiclamp,andAliBabaandhismagicalcommand"
Opensesame!
"
EpistolaryNovel
Anepistolarynovelisanovelinwhichacharacter(orcharacters)tellsthestorythroughletters(epistles)senttoafriend,relative,etc.InFrankenstein,CaptainRobertWaltonwritesletterstohissistertobringheruptodateonhisexpeditionintheArctic.AfterhisshiptakesVictorFrankensteinaboard,helistenstoFrankenstein’sstoryandwritesitdowninletterform.
PlotSummary
ByMichaelJ.Cummings©
2005
CaptainRobertWaltonisonanexplorationoftheArcticregionsintheWhiteSeaoffthenortherncoastofRussiawhenicetemporarilyhaltstheprogressofhisship.Whilewaitingfortheicetobreakup,heandhiscrewobservethroughtelescopesastrangesightonMonday,July31:
Agiganticcreatureonadogsledcrossingsolidiceaboutahalf-mileoff.Twohourslater,theicebeginstoreleaseitsholdontheship.Bynightfall,theshipcansailagain.However,Waltondelaysresumptionofthevoyageuntilthenextmorningforfearthattheshipwillstrikeanicefloeinthedark.
AtdaybreakonAugust1,thecrewmensightamanofnormalstatureandadogsledfloatingtowardthemonablockofice.Whentheytakehimaboard,heishalf-frozenandterriblyweak.Overthenextseveraldays,Waltonattemptstonursehimbacktohealth.HealsowritesalettertohissisterinEngland,MargaretSaville,inwhichhedescribestheeventsofJuly31andAugust1anddisclosesthatheiswritingdownastorythathispatient,amannamedVictorFrankenstein,istellinghim.ThisletteristobecarriedtoEnglandbyashipleavingthenearestportcity,Archangel(Arkhangelsk),Russia:
HereisasummaryofFrankenstein’sstory:
InGeneva,Switzerland,VictorFrankensteinenjoysahappyandprivilegedchildhood,thankstohislovingparents,thewealthyandrespectedAlphonseandCarolineFrankenstein.Mrs.Frankensteinisanextremelykindandgentlewomandevotedtoupliftingthepoorandthedowntro
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