My-English-Study-of-Translation.doc
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My-English-Study-of-Translation.doc
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MyEnglishStudyofTranslation
Contents
Introduction………………………………………………………………………..3
1.ThestartofEnglishstudyinginmiddleschool………………………………3
2.Thebeginningoftranslationstudyingincollege…………………………….3
2.1Thedefinitionoftranslation…………………………………………………….4
2.2Thecriteriaoftranslation………………………………………………………..4
2.2.1Faithfulnessandfluency…………………………………………………….4
2.2.2Chineseprincipleoffaithfulness,expressivenessandelegance…………….4
2.3Requirementsfortranslators…………………………………………………….4
3.Thelearningoftranslationtheory…………………………………………….5
3.1Literaltranslationandfreetranslation…………………………………………..5
3.2Foreignizingmethodanddomesticationmethod……………………………….5
3.3Basictechniquesoftranslation………………………………………………….6
3.4ComparethewayofthinkingbetweenChineseandEnglish…………………...7
4.Conclusions……………………………………………………………………..7
Notes……………………………………………………………………………..…8
References…………………………………………………………………………..9
MyEnglishStudyingofTranslation
【Abstract】TranslationisoneofthemostimportantknowledgepointinEnglishstudying.ThisarticlereferstomytranslationstudyinginEnglishfromtheplainwordstranslationtocomplicatedtextstranslation.AndthereIwouldliketotalkaboutthetranslatingtheoriessuchasliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,foreignizingmethodanddomesticatingmethod,andothertranslatingskills.
【KeyWords】translation;translatingtheory;translatingskills
MyEnglishStudyingofTranslation
Induction
Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofsciencetechnologyandtheincreasinginterconnectednessoftheinternationaleconomicandculturalsystems,theworldisgettingsmallerandsmallerandbecomingaglobalvillage.Communicationamongthepeopleintheglobalvillageisgrowingmoreandmorefrequent.Translation,asameansoftransferringlanguagesaswellascultures,isplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleintheglobalization,whichalsogivesagreatimpetustothedevelopmentofcivilization.
1.ThestartofEnglishstudyinginmiddleschool.
ThefirsttimeItouchedEnglishisinmyjuniorschool.MyfirstEnglishclassistolearnthe26Englishletters.Atthattime,IwasverycuriousaboutEnglishsoIlearnedhardly.Yearafteryear,IlearnedmoreandmoreEnglishknowledgewhichconcludesvocabulary,phrase,sentencepattern,andgrammar.
Atthattime,translationformeissimplethatIjustshouldrememberfixedsentencesandcommongrammarsandwhatIneedtranslateissentencethemosttime.ThereisnoinformationabouttranslationtheoriesinmyEnglishtextbooks.IjustknowwhatIshoulddoinmyEnglishexamination.
2.Thebeginningoftranslationstudyingincollege
AfterIentereduniversity,Ihavelearnedmuchknowledgeabouttranslation.Therefore,Iwouldliketotalkabouttheconceptoftranslation.
2.1Thedefinitionoftranslation
Thehistoryofalltimesandallcountriestellsus,translationisanimportantandessentialmethodforpeoplecommunicatingthoughtsandfeelings,disseminatingculturalknowledgeandpromotingsocialcivilization.Itisnoexaggerationtosay,thehumancivilizationhistorycannotdevelopwithouttranslation.WesternEuropecanhavetoday’scivilization,inawesternscholar’swords,thankstothetranslator.Similarly,soitisinChina.
Translationreferstoaccurately,alanguagethatinformationintoanotherlanguageinformationbehavior.Translationisaprocesstotranslateanewwayofexpressionintoarelativelyfamiliarwayofexpression,whichisconcludethecontentsofalanguage,text,graphics,andsymbol.Amongthem,"turnover"referstothelanguageconversion;"translation"referstotheunilateralstatementlanguageconversion.Therefore,"Turnover"referstotheinstantconversationbetweentwokindsoflanguage,whichfirstputalanguageintoasecondlanguage,andthenasecondlanguageintoalanguage.Thisisanalternateandalternativelanguageorinformationconversion."Translation"referstothesinglestatement,namelyspeakeronlysayandnotask,thelisteneronlylistenandnotanswer,intermediateforbilingualpeople,justasthespeakerforlanguageconversion.
While,atthemosttime,translationisnotasimplysubstitutionofonediscoursebyanother,butareconstructionofthecultureandideologyinadifferentlanguage.
2.2Thecriteriaoftranslation
2.2.1Faithfulnessandfluency
Faithfulnessandfluencyarethebasiccriteriaoftranslation.Ifitcanconveythespiritoftheoriginalarticleonthebasisoffaithfulnessandfluency,thatwouldbethehigheststandardoftranslation.
Theso-calledfaithfulnessfirstreferstofaithfultotheideologicalcontentsoforiginalarticle.Inaddition,faithfulnessalsoreferstomaintaintheoriginalstyle.Thestylehere,includingthenationalstyle,theerastyle,languagestyle,andtheauthorpersonallanguagestyle.Fluency,referstothelanguagetranslationmustbesmoothandeasytounderstand.AsFuLei(1908-1966)said:
“theidealtranslationislikelytheauthor’swritinginChinese.”
Intranslation,faithfulnessandfluencyisacontradictoryunityofthetwoaspects,thetwocomplementeachotherandnotdivided.Ifthearticleisfaithfulbutnotfluency,readerwouldnotunderstandit.ifthearticleisfluencybutnotfaithful,readerwouldgetwronginformation.So,translatorshouldtakecareoftheboth.
2.2.2Chineseprincipleoffaithfulness,expressivenessandelegance
InthetranslationalhistoryinChina,thereisalsoaprincipleoftranslationthatisfaithfulness,expressivenessandelegance.Manypeoplehavethedifferentmeaningsaboutelegance.Somesayitmeansthattranslationalarticleshouldhaveculturalvalueorartisticvalue;somesayitshouldhavethebeauty;somesayitshouldhavetheliterarygraceoftheoriginalarticle.Hence,thisprinciplegainedmostpeople’ssupport,andaffectsourcountry’sdevelopmentoftranslation.
2.3Requirementsfortranslation
Itisnoteasytobefaithfulnessandfluencyintranslation.Ifthetranslatorhasnottheabilitytotranslate,hecannotmasterhisjob.So,translationhasmanyrequirementsfortranslator.Therefore,Iwouldliketotalkaboutfiverequirements.
Firstofall,translatorsshouldlayasolidfoundationinEnglishespeciallyinreadingcomprehensionandappreciation.
Secondly,translatorsshouldlayasolidfoundationinChineseespeciallyinexpressingability.
Thirdly,translatorsshouldhaveabroadrangeofknowledge.
Fourth,translatorsshouldmasterthereasonabletranslationstrategy.
Fifth,translatorsshouldformthehabitofseriousness,responsibility,modestyandcaution.
3.Thelearningoftranslationtheory
Withthedevelopmentoftranslation,therearemanytranslationaltheoriesandskillsappear.There,Iwanttointroducesomeofthem.
3.1Literaltranslationandfreetranslation
What’sthemeaningofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?
Therearedifferentopinionsaboutthem.MaoDun(1896-1981)said:
“theliteraltranslationisnottotranslatewords,buttoexpresstheauthor’sthoughts.”④ButBaJin(1904-2005)said:
“thereisonlyoneway,agoodtranslationisnotonlyliteraltranslation,butalsofreetranslation.”⑤There,Iwouldgivethecommondefinitionsofthem.
Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwobasicskillsoftranslation.Literaltranslationreferstotranslatingasentenceoriginally,keepingtheoriginalmessageform,includingconstructionofsentences,meaningoftheoriginalwords,metaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Translationwouldbefluentandeasytocomprehendbytargetlanguagereaders.
Freetranslationrefersto,accordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,payinglittleattentiontothedetails.Freetranslationneednotpayattentiontotheformoftheoriginal,includingconstructionsoftheoriginalsentences,meaningoftheoriginalworksandsoon.Butfreetranslationdosenotmeandeletingoraddingcontenttotheoriginalandtranslatorsmustconsidertheoriginalcarefully,translateitnaturally,andexpressthemeaningoftheoriginalproperly.Freetranslationisaskillwhichtranslatorsmustknowthecultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,andmusthaveextensiveknowledge.
3.2Foreignizingmethodanddomesticatingmethod
Peoplehavepaidmoreandmoreattentionontheculturalfactors.However,thegapordistancebetweenthesourcecultureandthetargetculturehasalwaysbeenahardnutfortranslatorstocrack.Generallyspeaking,therearetwomaintranslationstrategiesappliedbythetranslatorstotackletheproblem.Oneisdomesticationandtheotherisforeignization.Somescholarspreferforeignizationwhileotherswouldliketoturntodomestication.InChina,QianZhongshu(1910-1998)oncesaid,“thehighesttranslationcriterionofliteratureisSublimation⑥……..thetranslationshouldbenaturalandkeeptheforeignflavor.”⑦
Domesticationistotranslatethewordsofthesourcelanguageintowordsofthetargetlanguagewhicharenotonlyusedwiththesamefrequencyastheoriginalwordsintheirownlanguage,butalsoaddedculturalcolorsoftargetlanguage.Theadvantageofadaptionistomakethetranslationreadnativeandexpressive.Foreignizationtranslationmethodisdeliberatelytobreakthroughthetargetlanguagemakeroutine,retaintheoriginaloftheexotic.
Generallyspeaking,foreignizingmethodasksthetranslationclosetoauthor,whiledomesticatingmethodasksthetranslationclosetoreader.Inmysyllabus,thereisaclasscalledtheChineseCulturethatintroducessomefamou
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