全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题海天版Word格式.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题海天版Word格式.docx
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systematic__13__wasfoundthatlcvclsofproduchxntywererelatedtochangesinlighting
Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingthec~enmentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathapped.__15__,tighringwasalwayschangedon
aSundayWhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__,,
acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexpenmentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentupOnMonday,workers__19__tobeduigentforthefirstfew
daysoftheweekinanycase,before__21__aplateauandthenslackeningoffThissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect“ishardtoptndown
1.[A]affected
[B]achieved
[C]exlracted
[D]restored
2[A]at
[B]up
[C]with
[D]Off
3[A]Wuth
[B]sight
[C]act
[D]proof
4.[A]conVoversial
[B]perplexing
[c]mischieous
[D]ambiguous
5.[A]reqtttrents
[B]cxplanalions
[C]accounts
[D]assements
6[A]conclude
[B]matter
[C]indicate
[D]work
7[A]asfaras
[B]forfearthat
[C]incasethat
[D]solongas
8.[A]awarerress
[B]expectation
[C]sentiment
[D]illusion
9.[A]suitale
[B]excessive
[C]enough
[D]abundant
10.[A]about
[B]for
[C]on
[D]by
11[A]compared
[B]shown
[C]subjected
[D]conveyed
12.[A]contraryto
[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith
[D]pealliarto
13.[A]evidence
[B]guidance
[C]implication
[D]source
14.[A]disputable
[B]enlightening
[C]retiable
[D]wasleadmg
15.[A]Incontast
[B]Forexample
[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual
16.[A]duly
[B]accidentally
[C]unpredictably
[D]suddenly
17.[A]failed
[B]ceased
[C]started
[D]continued
20.[A]breaking
[B]chrnbing
[C]surpassmg
[D]hiting
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text2
Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengranledforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepayment
systernMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinvenlorpatentedatochniqueforlyingabox
Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversiale,versincetheywerefirst
authorized10yearsagoInamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalctrcuitsalditwoulduseaparticularcasetO
conductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBijskl,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”,saysDermis'
D
CrouchoftheUniversityofMissoun
Schooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoelinateanentireclassofpatmts”
Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethafactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。
TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevalusteiswetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling。
TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.Countthathasnurrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactiontotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHaroleCwegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool。
26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof
[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness
[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation
[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting
[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization
27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?
[A]Itsrullingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions
[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction
[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit
[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S。
28.Theword“about-face”(Line1,Paro3)mostprobablymeans
[A]lossofgoodwill
[B]increaseofhostility
[C]changeofattitude
[D]changeofauiuled
29.Welearnfromthelasttwopamgraphsthatbusiness-meihodPateats
[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges
[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued
[C]lowertheesteemforpateatholders
[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks
30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?
[A]Aloomingthreattobvamess-melhcdpatents
[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders
[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents
[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents
Text3
InhisbookTheTippingPoinlMalcohnaladuellalouesthatsocialepidemicsaredliveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecial
individuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusuallinformed,persuasive,orweconnectTheideaisintuitivelycompellingbutitdoesn'
texplainhowideasactuallyspread。
Thesupposedimportanceofinftuentialsderivesfromaplansiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheoryuntestedthelrycalledthe"
tow-stepflowofcommunication"
Information
llowsfromthemediatotheinftuentialsandfromthentoereryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecameitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindand
influencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthemThetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewas
wearingpromotingordevelopingwhaterveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattentionAnecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecial
peoplecalldrivetrends
Intheirrecentworkhoweyersome
researchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenetallysupposedIn
facttheydon’tseemtoberequiredofall
Theresearchers'
argumentstemsfromasimpleobserratingaboutsocialinfluencewiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimanrillyafunctionofmedianotinterpersonalinfluence-enenthemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'
tinteractwiththatmanyothersYetitispreciselythesenon-celebringinfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialenidemicsbyinflucencinytheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccurhowevereachpersonsosffectedmusttheninflucencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistantforexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecasecadeofchangewon'
tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople。
Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluencetheresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilifytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencetobe
31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto
[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics
[B]discussinfluentials’funcitioninspreadingideas
[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics
[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials
32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”
[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems
[B]
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