胡壮麟语言学第一到四章测试题.docx
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胡壮麟语言学第一到四章测试题.docx
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胡壮麟语言学第一到四章测试题
胡壮麟语言学第一到四章测试题
1Introductionsto
Linguistics
I.
Choosethe
bestanswer.(20%)
1.Languageisasystemof
arbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman
__________
A.contact
B.
communication
C.
relation
D.
community
2.Whichofthefollowing
wordsisentirelyarbitrary?
A.
tree
B.typewriter
C.
crash
D.
bang
3.Thefunctionofthesentence
“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”
is
__________.
A.interrogative
B.
directive
C.
informative
D.performative
4.
InChinese
whensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeople
presentarelikelytosay“碎碎(岁岁)平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforces
whichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctions
doesitperform?
A.
InterpersonalB.
Emotive
C.
Performative
D.Recreational
5.Whichofthefollowing
propertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethe
barrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,
speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginany
situation?
A.
TransferabilityB.
Duality
C.Displacement
D.
Arbitrariness
6.Studythefollowingdialogue.
Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsof
language?
—Aniceday,
isn’tit?
—Right!
I
reallyenjoythesunlight.
A.Emotive
B.
Phatic
C.Performative
D.
Interpersonal
7.__________referstothe
actualrealizationoftheideallanguage
user’sknowledgeoftherulesof
hislanguageinutterances.
A.
PerformanceB.
Competence
C.
Langue
D.
Parole
8.
Whenadogis
barking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethat
existshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveor
lostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.
A.cultural
transmissionB.
productivityC.
displacement
D.duality
9.__________answerssuch
questionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.
A.
PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropological
linguistics
C.Sociolinguistics
D.Applied
linguistics
10.__________dealswith
languageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.
A.Linguistic
theory
B.
Practicallinguistics
C.Applied
linguistics
D.
Comparativelinguistics
II.
Decide
whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.
Languageisa
meansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationway
usedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.
12.
Language
changeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.
13.
Speakingis
thequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunication
systems.
14.
Languageis
writtenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforall
languages.
15.
Wewereall
bornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetails
ofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.
16.
Onlyhuman
beingsareabletocommunicate.
17.
F.de
Saussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleinthe
early20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.
18.
Astudyof
thefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisan
exampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.
19.
Speechand
writingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhuman
history.
20.
Allthe
languagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwritten
forms.
III.
Fillinthe
blanks.(10%)
21.Language,broadly
speaking,isameansof__________communication.
22.
Inany
languagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcan
becombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.This
featureisusuallytermed__________.
23.
Languagehas
manyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.This
functionis__________.
24.
Theorythat
primitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavy
workhasbeencalledthe__________theory.
25.
Linguistics
isthe__________studyoflanguage.
26.
Modern
linguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriesto
discoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesfor
peopletoobserve.
27.
Onegeneral
principleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________over
writing.
28.
The
descriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa
__________study.
29.
Saussureput
forwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstract
linguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeech
community.
30.
Linguistic
potentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s
__________.
IV.
Explainthe
followingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
31.
Design
feature
32.
Displacement
33.
Competence
34.
Synchronic
linguistics
V.
Answerthe
followingquestions.(20%)
35.
Whydopeople
takedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhuman
language?
Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuch
designfeature?
(南开大学,2004)
36.
Whyisit
difficulttodefinelanguage?
(北京第二外国语大学,2004)
VI.
Analyzethe
followingsituation.(20%)
37.
Howcana
linguistmakehisanalysisscientific?
(青岛海洋大学,1999)
Key:
[Inthereferencekeys,Iwon’tgiveexamplesorfurtheranalysis.
Thatseemstoomuchworkforme.Therefore,thiskeyisonlyfor
reference.Inordertoanswerthiskindofquestion,youneedmore
examples.Soyoushouldreadthetextbookcarefully.–
icywarmtea]
I.
1~5BACCC
6~10
BACAC
II.
11~15FFTFF
16~20
FFFFF
III.
21.verbal
22.
productivity/creativity
23.metalingualfunction
24.
yo-he-ho
25.scientific
26.
descriptive
27.speech
28.
diachroniclinguistic
29.langue
30.
competence
IV.
31.
Design
feature:
Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguage
thattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemof
animalcommunication.
32.
Displacement:
Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolize
objects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresent(intimeand
space)atthemomentofcommunication.
33.
Competence:
Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’s
knowledgeofhisorherlanguage;thatis,ofitssoundstructure,
itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,an
encyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,theknowledgeinvolvedin
competenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generative
grammarisamodelofcompetence.
34.
Synchronic
linguistics:
Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpoint
intime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthepresentoraparticular
pointinthepast;synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdead
languages,suchasLatin.Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwith
diachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodof
time.
V.
35.
Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferent
unitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelements–for
instance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,
around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehuge
numberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossible
sentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimited
numberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethis
designfeatureofhumanlanguage.
Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimal
communicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannot
produceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,e.g.words,
whicharedistinctinmeaning.
36.
Itis
difficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthat
coverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirown
specialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.
VI.
37.
Itshouldbe
guidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:
exhaustiveness,
consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollowthescientific
procedure:
formhypothesis–collectdata–checkagainstthe
observablefacts–cometoaconclusion.
Chapter2SpeechSounds
I.
Choosethe
bestanswer.(20%)
1.
Pitch
variationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedon
sentences.
A.
intonationB.
tone
C.pronunciation
D.
voice
2.
Conventionally
a__________isputinslashes(//).
A.
allophone
B.
phone
C.
phoneme
D.
morpheme
3.
Anaspirated
p,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthep
phoneme.
A.
analogues
B.tagmemes
C.
morphemes
D.
allophones
4.
Theopening
betweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas
__________.
A.
glottis
B.vocal
cavity
C.
pharynx
D.
uvula
5.
The
diphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthe
centerareknownas__________diphthongs.
A.
wide
B.closing
C.narrow
D.
centering
6.
Aphonemeis
agroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.
A.minimal
pairs
B.
allomorphsC.
phones
D.allophones
7.
Whichbranch
ofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.Acoustic
phonetics
B.
Articulatoryphonetics
C.Auditory
phonetics
D.Noneof
theabove
8.
Whichoneis
differentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesof
articulation?
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