英语论文——英语谚语中的比喻修辞.docx
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英语论文——英语谚语中的比喻修辞.docx
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辅修专业学士学位毕业论文(设计)
题目(中文):
英语谚语中的比喻修辞
(英文):
TheTropesinEnglishProverbs
学 院
年级专业
学生姓名学号指导教师
完成日期 年 月
TheTropesinEnglishProverbs
WrittenbySupervisedby
AThesisSubmittedtoShanghaiNormalUniversity
InPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsforTheDegreeofBachelorofArts
ForeignLanguagesCollege,ShanghaiNormalUniversity
December2011
Acknowledgments
IwanttoacknowledgetheinvaluablehelpofMs.Shen,myconstantconsultant,whohasmadetimelyandusefulsuggestionsonworkingouttheoutline,refiningtheearlierdraftsandgivenmeenlighteningadvicethroughoutthewholeprocessofwritingthethesis.Iespeciallyappreciateherguidanceandwishtoextendmysinceregratitudetoher.
ThisworkalsoowesmuchtomydearfriendswhoseencouragementandgreathelpinspiresmetomakefurthereffortswhenIencounterdifficultiesandwassometimesatloss.
Myheart-feltthanksarealsoduetomyfatherandmother,whohavebeeninconstantfavorofmeandofferedmethebesttheycould.
ThisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupportandassistancethatIreceivedfromthem.Mygratefulthanksgotoyouall.
Abstract
PeopleallknowEnglishproverbsarecharming.Proverbsarewidespread.Theyaresimplebutmeaningful.Theyarevividandhumour,whichtheyarethetypicalexamplesofaestheticrhetoricandrepresentstreasureofEnglishlanguage.TheyarethewisdomofEnglishpeople.UsingrhetoricisanimportantreasonwhytheEnglishproverbsarecharming.Amongthem,thetropesarethemostcommonrhetoric.Therefore,IanalyzethetropesinEnglishproverbsinthispaper.Tropescanbedividedintosimile,metaphor,analogy,allegory,metonymyandsynecdoche.Thisarticlefocusesonsimile,metaphorandsynecdoche.
Thispaperisdividedintofourchapters.Theyareintroduction,literaturereview,analysisandconclusion.ThefirstchapterintroducesthetropesofEnglishproverbs.ThesecondchaptermakesasimpleintroductionabouttheimportanceofthetropesinEnglishproverbs.Thenthispapermakesabriefanalysisofthesimile,metaphorandsynecdocheinEnglishproverbs.Itincludestheirdefinition,structureandsemanticeffect.Thearticlelistslotsofexamplestoexplainthem.SometimestheyareexplainedinChinesetomakereadersunderstandeasily.Thefinalchapterconcludesthethesis.
ThisarticlehelpsusunderstandthemeaningofthetropesinEnglishproverb.IfwecanunderstandthesemanticeffectinEnglishproverbs,wecancomprehendandusetheseEnglishproverbsbetterthanbefore.
Keywords:
Englishproverbs;tropes;simile;metaphor;synecdoche
摘要
英语谚语具有永恒的魅力,英语谚语内容十分广泛,且具有言少意多、言浅意深、生动形象、幽默风趣、观点鲜明等特点,是美学修辞的典范,是英语语言的瑰宝,是英语民族智慧的结晶。
其中修辞格的广泛运用是其魅力的一个重要原因,比喻又是最常用的修辞手法。
因此在本文中,我详细介绍了英语谚语中比喻修辞的手法并分析。
比喻可分为明喻、暗喻、借喻、讽喻、换喻和提喻。
本文主要就比喻中的明喻、暗喻、提喻修辞进行深入探讨。
本文共分四章。
其中第一章对英语谚语的修辞手法做了简单介绍。
第二章介绍了英语谚语以及修辞的背景。
第三章分别对明喻、暗喻、提喻进行分析,包括他们的定义,结构以及引起的语义效果。
文中列举了大量例子来佐证这几种比喻手法,并进行了详细的分析,并在其中穿插了中文解释,帮助我们更容易理解这些谚语的意义。
最后,总结全文,
这篇文章帮助我们理解了英语谚语中比喻修辞手法的涵义,如果我们能理解这些修辞手法在谚语中引起的效果,那么我们也能更好的理解和应用这些谚语。
关键词:
英语谚语;比喻修辞格;明喻;暗喻;提喻
Contents
Acknowledgments…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…….…. i
Abstract ii
摘要 iii
1.Introduction 1
2.Literaturereview 2
3.Simile 2
3.1Thedefinitionofsimile……………………………………………........... 3
3.2Thebasicformatofsimile…………………………………………........... 3
3.2.1"As"style………………………………………………………….. 3
3.2.2"Like"style……………………………………………………… 4
3.2.3"What"style 5
3.2.4"And"style……………………………………………………….. 5
3.3Thesemanticeffectofsimile…………………………………………… 5
4.Metaphor 7
4.1Thedefinitionofmetaphor…………………………………..…………… 7
4.2Thebasicformatofmetaphor…………………….…………………….. 8
4.2.1Conceptualmetaphor………………………………………...……. 8
4.2.2Coalescentmetaphor 8
4.2.3Implicativemetaphor……………………………………………… 9
4.2.4Symbolicmetaphor……………………………………………… 10
4.3Thesemanticeffectofmetaphor 10
5.Synecdoche 11
5.1Thedefinitionofsynecdoche…………………………………………… 11
5.2Thebasicformatofsynecdoche 11
5.3Thesemanticeffectofsynecdoche 12
6.Conclusion 13
Bibliography 15
1.Introduction
WithregardstotheeverlastingcharmoftheEnglishproverbs,therearevariousreasons,themostimportantofwhichistheextensiveuseofEnglishrhetoricaldevices.TherhetoricalbackgroundoftheEnglishproverbsconcernstheirsourcesandthetraditionofwesternrhetorics.Thepurposeoftheuseofrhetoricsuch asantithesis,repetition,rhymeandanalogyistomaketheproverbspreadwidely.
EnglishproverbisavaluablepropertyinBritishfolklore.Itembodiesthepeople'sexperienceoflifeandstruggle,whichisthemostvivid,harmoniousandprofoundbutsimpleandpopularsentence. Itisaccumulatedbyhundredsofpeoplefromgenerationtogeneration.
Englishproverbsarecreatedbyworkingpeople.Itusesshort,pithylinguisticformstoexpress.Itoftenusestropes,metonymyandcontrasttodescribetheunderstandingofthelawsofnature.Englishproverbsarethesummaryofsocialpractice.Therefore,Englishproverbsareconcreteandvivid.
TheuseofrhetoricisessentialinEnglishwriting.Withtherhetoric,wecanexpressourthoughtsandemotionsbetter.Englishproverbisastationarystatementthatwidespreadamongthemassesofpeople.Itplaysanimportantroleinlanguage.
Atthesametime,thevocabularyofEnglishproverbisofteneasytounderstandbutmeaningful.
Inessence,mostoftheEnglishproverbscontaintropes,whichmakesproverbsmorespecific,conciseandeuphemism.Generallyspeaking,theapplicationoftropesinEnglishproverbscanmakepeopleunderstandandrememberthemmoreeasily.
Tropesincludemetaphor,simile,synecdoche,allegory,metonymy,allegoryetc.Insomeareas,thestudyofrhetoricalisacomplexandinterestingsubject.Inthislimitedspace,Iwouldonlydiscusstheapplicationsofthreekindsoftropes.
2.Literaturereview
Englishproverbscomefromthepracticeandtheyreflectthepractice.Theyarecharmingandfullofphilosophy.Theyarepopularwithpeopleandpassdowngenerationbygeneration.ThenwhyareEnglishproverbssocharming?
Therearevariouskindsofreasons.ThemainreasonIthinkistheextensiveuseoftherhetoric.Thosesimplewordscantellthereaderacomplicatedprinciple.Thatisthebenefitoftheuseofrhetoric.
Accordingtothemodernviewofrhetoric,itaimedatimprovingthesemanticeffect.Rhetoricisdividedintotwoparts.Theyarecommunicativerhetoricandaestheticrhetoric.Incommunicationrhetoric,weputtheemphasisontheclearcontent,fluentsentenceandstrictstructure.Butinaestheticrhetoric,weoftenpayattentiontoitsaesthetics.Inaestheticrhetoric,wecanimaginethesituationinourmindthroughitsattractivewords.
Proverbisalanguageformthatallkindsofthe languagehave.Theyareusedalmosteverywhere.Atthesametime,proverbisatypicalexampleofaestheticrhetoric.ItisatreasureoftheEnglishlanguage.ItisthewisdomoftheEnglishpeople.BecauseoftheextensiveusingofrhetoricalinEnglishproverb,itissimplebutvivid,pithybutmeaningful.WecanfindmanyrhetoricsinEnglishproverbs.TheyshowthebeautyoftheEnglishproverbs.
Ontheotherhand,tropeisthemostimportantandcommonrhetoric.Itisanimportantpartinrhetoric.ItisanoutstandingsymbolinEnglishproverbs.Inotherwords,notropes,noproverbs.
3.Simile
Simileisthesimplestandbasicrhetoric.Inordertodepicttheimageofapersonorsomethingclearly,peopleoftencomparesomethingorsomeonewhohasthesamecharacteristicswithotherpersonorthings.
3.1Thedefinitionofsimile
ADictionaryofLiteraryTermsdefinedsimileas:
"Afigureofspeechinwhichonethingislikenedtoanother.Insuchawayastoclarifyandenhanceanimage.Itisexplicitcomparison(asopposedtothemetaphorwherecomparisonisimplicit)
recognizablebytheuseofwords'like'or'as'"(Craige2002:
36).Theword"like"and"as"arecalled"introductoryword"ofthesimile.Theformatofsimileis"thesignified
+theintroductoryword+thesignifier".Wordlike,as,asif,asthough,as...as,as...so,similarto,tobearare-semblancetoarecommonintroductoryword.
ThedefinitionofsimileintheWordNetEnglish-Englishdictionaryisafigureofspeechthatexpressesaresemblancebetweenthingsofdifferentkinds(usuallyformedwith`like'or`as').
Accordingtothisauthorityandbroaddefinitionofsimile,itisarhetoricwhichmanifestonethingliketheotherthing.Inacommonway,thesignifiedhasthesamecharacteristicswiththesignifier.Therearelotsofcommonintroductorywordslikeas,seem,asif,asthough,suchasandsoon.Thebasicformatofsimileis"AislikeB"or"Aisas...asB".Italsohasotherforms:
virtualstyle,"that"style,"than"style,theverbstyleand"and"style.Simileisusuallyusedinadvertisementandtechnologydescriptiontextbecauseitshowsthesimilarbetweenonethingandtheotherthing.
Readercanunderstandthedescriptionoftheobjectandspiriteasily.Amongthem,thesignifiedistheobjecttobedescribed,whilethesignifieristheobjectwhichisfamiliartopeople.
3.2Thebasicformatofsimile
3.2.1"As"style
Therearetwoforms.Oneistheword"as"whichisplacedaftertheword"be"toactaspredicative.Suchas:
Anhonestman'swordisasgoodashisbond.(诚实人的诺言,如同他立下的契约一样可靠).Anotheristheword"as"whichisplacedafterthe
actionverbtoactasadverbial.Forexample:
Childrenpickupwordsaspigeonpeas,
andutterthemasGodshallplease(小孩学舌如鹦鹉,再次说出无口误),Hebidesasfastasacatboundtoasaucer(守候得牢靠就像守候食碟的猫).Sen
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