听力背景知识.docx
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听力背景知识.docx
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听力背景知识
听力背景知识
1.Superstition迷信
[00:
01.89]OnepersoninfourinBritainis,apparently,superstitious,
[00:
08.35]andthey'lldoeverythingfromhanginghorseshoes
[00:
11.58]overtheirfireplacetocrossingtheirfingers,
[00:
14.84]touchingwoodandabsolutelyneverwalkingunderaladder.
[00:
19.40]Andthey'recarefulaboutcats.
[00:
22.58]Blackcatsaresupposedtobethefamiliarsofwitches,
[00:
27.02]soifoneisfollowingyouit'sdefinitelybadluck
[00:
31.70]-awitchisafteryou!
[00:
33.46]Ontheotherhand,ifonecrossesyourpathandcontinues
[00:
38.17]thenit'sgoodluckbecauseithasn'tnoticedyou.
[00:
42.15]However,insomeplacesthebeliefsaredifferent
[00:
46.53]-soitpaystoknowwhereyourblackcatcomesfrom!
[00:
50.36]Oldsuperstitionslingerevenintoday'smodernworld.
[00:
56.10]TheauthorPhilipPullmandrewonthem
[00:
59.57]inhisawardwinningnovel"HisDarkMaterials".
[01:
03.78]Thenovel,whichappealstobothchildrenandadults,
[01:
08.26]hasbeenadaptedforradioandalsothetheatre.
2.GraduateStudent研究生
[00:
02.67]Graduatestudentsspecializeinaparticularfieldofstudy.
[00:
08.27]Theystudytobecomeexpertsinthisfield
[00:
11.53]andtolearnnewadvancesintheirfields
[00:
14.55]whiletheyearnanM.A.orPh.D.
[00:
17.38]SometimeswhentheygetanM.A.inonefield
[00:
20.97]theybeginstudyinganotherfield.
[00:
22.92]Theyhopethatwhentheyearntheirgraduatedegrees
[00:
25.52]theywillsucceedinfindingimportantjobs.
[00:
28.49]Theyhopetogetjobsthatareinterestingandhighpaying.
[00:
32.24]Thelifeofagraduatestudentisoftendifficult.
[00:
35.61]Theyareusuallytoobusystudyingtomakeagoodliving.
[00:
39.47]Oftentheyhavetopayhightuitionfeesfortheireducation.
[00:
43.22]Somegiveupstudyingbeforetheygettheirdegrees.
[00:
47.24]Butmostkeeponworkingattheirstudiesuntiltheygraduate.
[00:
51.51]Intoday'sworld,mostgraduatestudents
[00:
54.81]don'tregretspendingtimewiththeirstudies.
[00:
57.63]Theyarefindingthatnewdevelopments
[00:
59.96]areoccurringinallfields.
[01:
01.97]Formanygraduatestudyhasbecomeanecessity.
3.AprilFool'sDay愚人节
[00:
02.13]1stAprilisadaytobecareful,
[00:
05.89]oryoucouldeasilygettrickedbysomeone.
[00:
08.59]It'sAprilFool'sDay,
[00:
10.82]adaywhenpeopletraditionallyliketotry
[00:
14.18]tomakeafoolofsomeoneelseandlaughatthem.
[00:
17.39]Therearelotsoftheoriessurroundingtheoriginsoftheday,
[00:
22.02]butoneexplanationisconnectedwiththechange
[00:
25.67]inthecalendarinthe16thcentury,
[00:
28.32]whichmeantthat1stApril
[00:
30.40]wasnolongerthebeginningoftheyear.
[00:
33.16]ThosewhostillcelebratedtheNewYear
[00:
36.52]on1stAprilwerecalledfools.
[00:
39.56]Sowhatkindofpranks
[00:
42.27]dopeopleplayonAprilFool'sDay?
[00:
44.97]Well,therearelotsofsimpletricks
[00:
47.51]thatyoucanplayonyourfriends.
[00:
49.99]Forexample,youcouldwearablacksweater
[00:
53.41]andpullapieceofwhitethreadthroughit,
[00:
55.95]sothatpeopletrytopullitoff.
[00:
58.04]Youcouldchangethetimeonsomeone'salarmclocksothatthey'relateforwork.
4.LivingOnline网上生活
[00:
02.60]Howdoyoumeetnewpeople,makenewfriends,
[00:
06.25]orfindoutaboutthelatestbands?
[00:
08.84]HereintheUKyoungpeoplehavetraditionally
[00:
11.66]donetheirsocializinginbars,pubsandclubs.
[00:
15.12]However,thereisanewgenerationgrowingup
[00:
18.58]thatfindsiteasiertomanagetheirsociallivesonthenet,
[00:
22.24]usingfreewebsiteslikeMySpace,BeboorMSNSpaces.
[00:
27.38]Welcometothesocialnetworkingwebsite
[00:
31.25]-aplacewhereyoucanpresentyourself
[00:
33.39]tothedigitalcommunityandmeetotherlike-mindedpeople.
[00:
37.45]Themostsuccessfulsocialnetworkingwebsite
[00:
40.51]intheUKisMyS.
[00:
44.07]AsofJuly2006,MySpaceistheworld's
[00:
48.45]fourthmostpopularEnglish-languagewebsite,
[00:
51.66]attractingalmost3millionvisitorspermonth.
[00:
55.73]MySpaceclaimstohave95millionmembers
[01:
00.72]with500,000newmembersjoiningthecommunityeachweek.
[01:
05.45]Sohowhasitbecomesosuccessful?
[01:
08.86]Perhapsitssecretisinitssimplicity.
[01:
12.64]Eachnewmembercanbuildtheirownpagesimply
[01:
16.29]-uploadingphotos,videosandMP3files.
5.Mother'sDay母亲节
[00:
02.14]Doesyourmotherknowhowmuchyouappreciateher?
[00:
05.91]Well,Mother'sDayisthetimetoshowher.
[00:
09.94]It'sachancetosay'thankyou',
[00:
12.69]ortotellyourmumhowmuchyouloveher.
[00:
15.28]InBritain,Mother'sDay,orMotheringSunday,
[00:
19.85]fallsonadifferentdayeachyear,
[00:
22.80]becauseittakesplaceafewweeks
[00:
25.19]beforethefestivalofEaster.
[00:
27.17]Butitisalwaysintheearlyspringtime,
[00:
30.13]whichseemsappropriate,
[00:
31.96]astheseasonwhennewplantsemerge,
[00:
34.35]andbabybirdsandanimalsareborn.
[00:
37.24]IntheUSA,Mother'sDaytakesplacealittlelater,inMay,
[00:
43.04]andmanyothercountriesalsocelebrate
[00:
45.59]theirmothersondifferentdaysoftheyear.
[00:
48.48]Itbeganmanyyearsago,whenchildren,
[00:
52.57]especiallygirls,asyoungas10
[00:
55.07]wouldliveandworkawayfromhome
[00:
57.51]ashousemaidsandothertypesofservant.
[01:
00.30]MotheringSundaywasadaywheneveryonewasallowed
[01:
04.53]togototheirhomevillageortown,andvisittheirmothers.
6.OnlineShopping网上购物
[00:
02.65]WithonlytwoweekstogobeforeChristmas,
[00:
05.81]buyingpresentsisahighpriorityforalotofpeople.
[00:
09.63]However,thisyearnotsomanypeopleareleavingtheirhomes
[00:
13.95]tobrowsearoundtheshops.
[00:
15.80]Thesedayslotsofpeoplecandotheirshopping
[00:
18.96]inthecomfortoftheirownhome
[00:
21.05]withthehelpoftheinternet.
[00:
23.13]Onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular
[00:
27.06]foranumberofreasons;
[00:
28.83]pricesareoftenloweronline,
[00:
31.47]youdon'thavetoqueueupinbusyshops
[00:
34.06]andyoucanbuyalmostanyproductimaginable
[00:
37.07]withjustafewclicksofyourmouse.
[00:
39.30]Computertrendsareoftenmale-dominated
[00:
43.08]butthisyearwomenareexpectedtodo
[00:
45.22]moreshoppingontheinternetthanmen.
[00:
48.16]Itseemswomenarenowmoreattractedto
[00:
51.38]theconvenienceofonlineshoppingthantheyusedtobe.
[00:
54.17]AveragespendingonlinethisChristmasbywomenwillriseto240pounds
[01:
01.23]comparedtotheslightlyloweraverageof233poundsformen.
7.RealityTV真实电视
[00:
02.41]ThelatestfashiononBritishTVisRealityTV.
[00:
07.65]RealityTVmeansthatshowsfollowandfilm
[00:
11.81]ordinarypeopleinanartificialsituation.
[00:
14.97]Thiscouldbeatwork,orinsomekindofcompetition.
[00:
19.15]OneofthefirstandmostpopularRealityTVshowsisBigBrother.
[00:
25.60]Inthisshow,15completestrangers
[00:
29.27]havetolivetogetherinahousefor11weeks.
[00:
32.73]Theyarefilmed24hoursaday,andshownontelevision.
[00:
37.45]Eachweek,theviewersvotetoevict
[00:
40.35]oneofthehousemates.
[00:
42.94]Finally,onlyoneisleft,
[00:
45.18]andtheywintheprizemoney!
[00:
47.16]Theshowwasaninstanthit,andrunsinseveralcountries.
[00:
51.97]Thehousematesoftenbecomestarsasaresultoftheshow,
[00:
55.90]andappearinnationalnewspapersandonothershows.
[00:
59.56]Anotherverypopularshowis
[01:
02.45]I'maCelebrity-GetMeOutOfHere!
[01:
05.65]Inthisshow,10celebritieshavetocompletetaskseachweek,suchaseatinginsects.
8.School学校
[00:
01.66]Septemberistraditionallytheendofsummer
[00:
05.68]andthebeginningofautumnintheUK.
[00:
08.27]Itisalsothemonthwhenchildrengobacktoschool
[00:
12.14]aftertheirlongsummerholidays.
[00:
14.33]TherearetwotypesofschoolinEngland.
[00:
17.05]State-runschoolsarepaidforbythegovernment,
[00:
20.14]soarefreetoattend.
[00:
22.03]IndependentSchoolsareprivate,
[00:
24.42]whichmeansyouhavetopaytoattend.
[00:
26.67]Theschooldayusuallystartsat9inthemorning
[00:
31.15]andfinishesaround4,
[00:
32.98]withbreaksforlunchofcourse!
[00:
35.31]Inmanyschools,youhavetowearauniformtoo.
[00:
38.92]Childrenstartschoolwhentheyare5yearsold.
[00:
42.02]Thisiscalledprimaryschool,
[00:
44.46]andlastsuntilthechildis11
[00:
47.01]whenheorshewillgoontoseniorschool.
[00:
49.61]Secondaryschooliscompulsory
[00:
52.70]from11until16yearsofage.
[00:
55.41]At16,studentstakenationalexaminationscalledGCSE's.
[01:
00.45]Afterthis,studentscanstayatschoolforanother2years
[01:
04.77]andtakeALevelexaminations.
9.TheModernFamily现代家庭
[00:
02.38]Fatherleavesforworkinthemorningafterbreakfast.
[00:
06.47]Thetwochildrentakethebustoschool,
[00:
09.56]andmotherstayshomecookingandcleaning
[00:
12.70]untilfatherandthekidsreturnhomeintheevening.
[00:
16.45]Thisisthetraditionalpicture
[00:
19.02]ofahappyfamilylivinginBritain.
[00:
21.88]Thepast20yearshaveseenenormouschanges
[00:
26.18]inthelivesandstructureoffamiliesinBritain.
[00:
29.46]Thebiggestchangehasbeencausedbydivorce.
[00:
33.46]Asmanyas2outof3marriagesnowendindivorce,
[00:
38.38]leadingtoasituation
[00:
40.30]wheremanychildrenlivewithoneparent
[00:
43.18]andonlyseetheotheratweekendsorholidays.
[00:
46.48]Therehasalsobeenahugerise
[00:
49.92]inthenumberofwomenwithchildrenwhowork.
[00:
52.76]Thelargeriseindivorceshasmeant
[00:
56.01]manywomenneedtowork
[00:
57.84]tosupportthemselvesandtheirchildren.
[01
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