Dreiser’s Naturalism in Sister Carrie 论在嘉莉妹妹中德莱赛的自然主义文档格式.docx
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Dreiser’s Naturalism in Sister Carrie 论在嘉莉妹妹中德莱赛的自然主义文档格式.docx
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Dreiser'
sNaturalisminSisterCarrie
Abstract:
TheodoreDreiserisregardedasanoutstandingrepresentativeofAmericannaturalism.Inthisthesis,Dreiser'
sfirstnovelSisterCarrieistakenasanexampletoanalyzethefeaturesofDreiser'
snaturalism.ThethesisreferredtothreegreathistoricalandculturalbackgroundofthenovelwhichareDarwinism,Determinism.AmericanNaturalismandConsumerism.Meanwhilethethesisanalyzesthreefeaturesofnaturalism.Atlast,wecandrawtheconclusionthattheleadingcharacterofthenovel-Carrie'
sdestinyhasagreatconnectionwithDreiserhimselfandthedeclineofHurstwoodisaresultofDreiser'
sfearoffailure,butDreiserattributesCarrieandHurstwood'
sunhappinesstotheirinsatiabledesireforlifeortheyaredoomedtobeunhappyetc,andfromwhichwecanseeDreiser'
snaturalismeasily.
KeyWords:
NaturalismDarwinismConsumerismdesireenvironment
Contents
Introduction 1
1.ThehistoricalandculturalbackgroundforSisterCarrie 2
1.1DarwinismandDeterminism 2
1.2Americannaturalism 2
2.ThetypicalcharacteristicsofnaturalisminSisterCarrie 2
2.1Therelationshipamongreason,freewillandinstinct 2
2.2Theinfluenceoftheenvironment 3
3.Dreiser'
snaturalisticattitudeoftruthfulreflectionoflife 3
3.1Dreiser'
s"
Sister”-Carrie 3
3.2Hurstwood'
sdecline-Dreiser'
sfearoffailure 3
Conclusion 3
Notes 4
Bibliography 4
Dreiser,sNaturalisminSisterCarrie
ZhangYu
Introduction
TheodoreDreiserisoneofthemostinfluentialAmericanwritersofcriticalrealism,butmanyofhisworksreferredtothedescriptionofnaturalismandweakenedhiscriticalspirit.HisfirstnovelSisterCarriepublishedin1990revealedthefinancialdisparityandthemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyandthusregardedasforbiddenbook.Butnowthebookbecomesoneofthebest-sellersofAmericanliteraturebecauseofthenaturalisticfeaturesinit.ThenDreiserisregardedasapioneerofAmericannaturalismandasanaturalistDreiserexpressesthecharacteristicsofnaturalisminmostofhisworks.ThethemesofDarwinismandDeterminismarethecommonfeaturesofDreiser'
sstorywhichalsocharacterizeSisterCarrie.
Whenmostnovelsdealonlywiththesmilingandbeautifulaspectsoflife,Dreiseradvocatestruthfulreflectionoflifeinhisfiction.ItisnotanexaggerationtosaythatDreiser'
sSisterCarrieclearsthewayforthedevelopmentofAmericanfiction.
Since1900,AmericancriticshaveneverceasedtheirstudyonDreiser.Theearlyresearchwasmainlybasedonthewriter'
slifeexperience.Itprovideduswithlotsofusefulinformationaboutthewriter.Thestudywitnessedatransitionfromtheauthorhimselftothetextin1960s.From1980s,scholarsemployednewdevicesofFreudianism,FeminismandPost-Structuralismintheirstudies.ThesenewmethodshelpusknowDreiserandhisworksfromdifferentangles.However,onethingtheyshareincommonisthattheylackmacroscopicanalysis.
Inchina,someChinesecriticshavealsoshowngreatinterestinSisterCarrie.Twodomesticliterarymagazines,ForeignLiteratureStudyandForeignLiteratureReview,havebeenthemajorpublishingfieldsforthesecritics...
InordertofindoutDreisefsnaturalism,themethodoftextanalysisisemployedinthisthesis.TheauthorofthisthesisreadsthenovelintensivelysothatevidencescanbedugouttodemonstrateDreiser'
snaturalism.Anothermethod,culturalcriticism,isemployedtoresearchthecomplicatedrelationbetweenDreiserandthesocietyhelivedin.Dreiserisinvestigatedinhishistoricalandculturalbackground.TheconclusionshowsthatDreiserisnotonlyacriticizerofcapitalism,butalsoabuilderofAmericanculturalsystem.
1.ThehistoricalandculturalbackgroundforSisterCarrie
TheodoreDreiser'
sSisterCarriereflectstheprofoundtransformationsinAmericanlifeinthelatenineteenthcentury.Amongthemostsweepingchangesregisteredinthenovelaretheeconomy'
sshiftingfromanagriculturalbasetoan...
1.1DarwinismandDeterminism
SisterCarriewaswrittenatthetimewhenDarwinismwasprevalent.ManyofSisterCarrie'
sthemes-struggle,survivalanddesire-derivedirectlyfromtheevolutionaryviews.Theconceptofevolutionwasputforwardinthemid-19thcenturybyCharlesDarwin...
1.2Americannaturalism
SisterCarriewaswrittenandpublishedalsoattheriseofAmericannaturalism,whichmeansaparticulargenreoffictionthatdevelopedinthelate19thcenturyAmerica,andassociatedprincipallywithwriterssuchasJackLondon,StephenCrane,FrankNorrisandTheodoreDreiser...
2.ThetypicalcharacteristicsofnaturalisminSisterCarrie
InSisterCarrieIfindoutthatsomeofitsthemesdifferfromthoseofothernaturalisticworks...
2.1Therelationshipamongreason,freewillandinstinct
InSisterCarrieDreiserdetailstherelationshipamongreason,freewillandinstinct:
Whenhumans1instinctandreasonareatwar,theformerprevailsoverthelatterinmostinstances;
humans*freewillismostlyanillusionandsubmitstohumans*instinct...
2.2Theinfluenceoftheenvironment
Environmentisatremendousthingandoftenleadshumantoawrongdirection.WeknowthatDrouettellsCarriethatChicagoisawonder,andthatshewillfindlotstoseethere.EvenhermeagersisterMinnietellsher,"
You'
llwanttoseethecity.'
"
L..
snaturalisticattitudeoftruthfulreflectionoflife
AphraseoftenappliedtoDreiserbyothersisstandingaloneormarchingalone.InhisNobelPrizeaddress,SinclairLewistellstheSwedishAcademythatDreiser“morethananyotherman,marchingalone,usuallyunappreciated,oftenhated,hasclearedthetrailfromVictorianandHowellSiantimidityandgentilityinAmericanfictiontohonestyandboldnessandpassionoflife.⑵”...
s“Sister"
一Carrie
EmmaDreiser,theprettiestofthefiveDreisersisters,waseightyearsolderthanTheodoreDreiser.AsayounggirlinthesmalltownofSullivan,Indiana,sheandherothersistersweredeeplyinterestedinboys...
3.2Hurstwood*sdecline-Dreiser'
sfearoffailure
ForHopkinsDreisersubstitutestheprosperousandrespectedupper-middle-classmanagerwhokeepsawell-appointedhouseontheNorthSide,thebestsectionofChicago...
Conclusion
ThisshortthesiscannotcoverDreisefsmeaningfulnaturalism.Hisgreatnessisinhisinsight,hissympathy,andhistragicviewoflife...
Notes
[1]Bantam.SisterCarrie[M].NewYork:
BantamClassics,1992.p.61.
[2]Ibid.,p.51.
Bibliography
[1]Bartlett,L.TeacherDevelopmentThroughReflectiveTeaching[A],inRichards
&
Nunan(eds.).SecondLanguageTeacherEducation[C].Beijing:
ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress/CambridgeUniversityPress,2000.26-29.
[2]HeGang.TheBriefAnalysisofJaneEyre,http:
〃www.pragmaticsChina.Com/grammaticalization.htm,2003-05-12.
[3]Williams,M&
L.B.Burden.PsychologyforLanguageTeachers[M].Beijing:
ForeignlanguageTeachingandResearchPress/CambridgeUniversityPress,2000.
[4]肖晨.英语语言、文学工具书及其使用[M].北京:
学苑出版社,1990.34-42.
NaturalisminSisterCarrie
WuXiaojun
Abstract:
TheodoreDreiser,thewriterofSisterCarrie,isoneofthemostoutstandingrepresentativesofAmericannaturalism.Inthisthesis,hisfirstnovelSisterCarrieistakenasanexampletoanalyzethefeaturesofDreiser'
snaturalism.ThethesisreferredtothreegreathistoricalandculturalbackgroundofthenovelwhichareDarwinism,Determinism,AmericanNaturalismandIndustrialRevolution.Andthethesisanalyzesthreefeaturesofnaturalism.Atlast,wepayattentiontoDreiser'
sexploration humandesireandrevelationofthedarksideof
humannature
KeyWords:
NaturalismDarwinismdesireenvironmenthumannature
NaturalismofDreiserinSisterCarrie
TheodorDreiser(1871-1945),anAmericanauthor,outstandingrepresentativeofnaturalism,whosenovelsdepictreal-lifesubjectsinaharshlight.Manyofhisworksreferredtothedescriptionofnaturalismandweakenedhiscriticalspirit.HisfirstnovelSisterCarriepublishedin1990revealedthefinancialdisparityandthemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyandthusregardedasforbiddenbook.Butnowthebookbecomesoneofthebest-sellersofAmericanliteraturebecauseofthenaturalisticfeaturesinit.ThenDreiserisregardedasapioneerofAmericannaturalismandasanaturalistDreiserexpressesthecharacteristicsofnaturalisminmostofhisworks.ThethemesofDarwinismandDeterminismarethecommonfeaturesofDreiser'
Dreiserchosetoreflectlifetruthfulinhisworkswhenothernovelsdealonlywiththebeautifulaspectsoflife,.ItisnotanexaggerationtosaythatDreisefsSisterCarrieclearsthewayforthedevelopmentofAmericanfiction.
Fromfollowanalysisofthreeaspectsandconclusion,wecanfindoutthenaturalismofDreiserinSisterCarrie
sSisterCarriereflectstheprofoundtransformationsinAmericanlifeinthelatenineteenthcentury.
In1859,Darwin'
sTheOriginofSpecieappeared.Itsoonchangedman'
srecognition.BeforeDarwin,humanwasseparatedfromtheanimalsbecauseofitsmoral.However,atthistimeevolutionistconsideredhumanasapartofnaturalthingsandamemberoftheanimalkingdom.Americannaturalistsaccepted“bestiality”and
“humanbeast“asanexplanationofd
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