定语从句讲义.docx
- 文档编号:2067129
- 上传时间:2023-05-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:10
- 大小:67.40KB
定语从句讲义.docx
《定语从句讲义.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《定语从句讲义.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
定语从句讲义
个性化辅导讲义
教师
袁帅
授课时间
年月日
学生
课题
定语从句
年级
科目
高三英语
知识点
定语从句的定义及相关术语的含义
由关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
教学
重难点
定语从句的判断,关系词的选择和正确使用
定语从句
考点一 定语从句定义及结构
(一)定语从句的定义和相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的
先行词之后。
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词
关系代词:
thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas
关系副词:
whenwherewhy
例句:
Themanwhoistalkingwithmayfatherisapoliceman.
Theman为先行词,who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语。
考点二:
关系代词引导的定语从句
(2)关系代词引导的定语从句
一、that作关系代词时,既可以指人,也可以指物;指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于
which,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
例句:
Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthismuseumeachyeararestudents.
每年来这个博物馆参观一次的那群人都是学生。
Whereisthegirlthat/whomIsawthismorning.
今天早上我看到的那个女孩在哪里?
注意:
关系代词只能用that不能用which的情况
1)先行词为不定代词:
all,much,everything,anything,nothing,something,none,theone.
2)先行词被以下词语修饰时:
only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等修饰时;
3)先行词是序数词,或者被序数词修饰时;
4)先行词是最高级或者被最高级修饰时;
5)先行词既有人又有物;
6)先行词是数词时;(two,ten,hundred)
7)如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免重复;
8)疑问词是who或者which关系代词宜用that,以避免重复;
9)主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词
10)被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that
例句:
Thefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheteachingbuilding.
我们参观的第一个地方就是教学楼。
Thereisnothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.
关于它我们没有什么要说的。
二、which指物,在定语从句中作主语或者宾语,作宾语时常可以省略。
例句:
Thehousewhichisbytheriverlooksverynice.
河边的那栋房子看上去很漂亮。
Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(此句中which可以省略)
这就是他昨天买的钢笔。
注意:
关系代词只能用which不能用that的情况
1)介词后面只能用which
例句:
IsthistheroominwhichMrWhitelives?
这是怀特先生住的房间吗?
2)非限制性定语从句中
例句:
MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisverypopularinourcountry.
3)当关系代词后面有插入语时
例句:
HereistheEnglishgrammarwhich,asItoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
4)先行词是those+负数名词
例句:
Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.
三、who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
例句:
YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是我们物理老师。
注意:
只能用who不能用that的情况
1)先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时;
例句:
Anyonewhofailedtoattendthemeetingmustgivehisreason.
2)在非限制性定语从句中
例句:
Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
3)在Therebe开头的句子中
例句:
Hereisaboywhowantstoseeyou.
四、whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
例句:
LiuXiangistheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.刘翔就是我想要见的那个男孩。
Thegirlwhomtheteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是班长。
注意:
关系代词whom在口语或者非正式文体中可以用who来代替,或者省略。
例句:
Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.
五、whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。
例句:
Ivisitedastarwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.
Iusedtoliveinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.过去我曾经住在一个屋顶倒塌的房子里。
注意:
指物时,whose常用下列结构来代替:
例句:
Thehousewhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Thehousethedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
考点三:
关系副词引导的定语从句
一、when指时间,在定语从句中作状语
例句:
Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisclassroom.
二、where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
例句:
Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.
Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughtwiththeenemy?
三、why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
例句:
Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedthetrain.
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelookssohappytogether.
考点四:
关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
一、as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语和宾语,代表前面整个句子;
例句:
Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
Heishonest,as/whichwecansee.
二、as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前,之后,甚至可以分割主句;
Which引导非限制性定语从句只可以放在句子之后,as可译为正如,正像。
例句:
Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(主句之前)
Heisfromthenorth,aswecanknowfromtheaccent.(主句之后)
John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.(主句之中)
注意:
当主句从句之间存在着逻辑上因果关系时,关系词往往只用which.
例句:
Lilywaslateforschool,whichmadeherteacherveryangry.
3、当先行词受such,thesame,修饰时,关系词常用as.
例句:
I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.
Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
注意:
当先行词受thesame修饰时,偶尔也可以用that引导,但是与as引导的定语从句
的意思有区别,如【完全一样用that,有区别用as】
例句:
sheworethedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.(前后完全一样)
Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.(前后裙子有区别)
考点五:
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
定义:
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出
注意1:
人(关系代词只能用whom)
介词物(关系代词只能用which)
所有格(用whose)
例句:
Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyneighbour.
TheplaneinwhichweflewtoChinaisreallycomfortable.
注意2:
含有介词短语的动词一般不拆分:
(lookfor,takecareof等)
ThisisthewatchIamlookingfor.
注意3:
“介词+关系代词”前面some,any,none.,neither,many,most,few等代词或数词。
例句:
Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
考点六:
特殊先行词
以theway为先行词的限定性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导,而且通常可以省略。
以point,situation,为先行词时,同where引导;
例句:
Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.
专项练习
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A.whom I spoke B. to who spoke C.I spoke to D.thatI spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _____sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent
together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of
them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. Ishall never forget those years __I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______cars _____ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days___, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
答案:
1-5ACDCA6-10CAAAA11-15CDDAD16-20DBBCB
21-25DCDAA26-30CADDB31-35ABADC
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 定语 从句 讲义