高考英语科技文章词汇.docx
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高考英语科技文章词汇.docx
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高考英语科技文章词汇
高考英语科技文章词汇
2020.7
【写在前面的话】备考高考英语阅读理解科技报道类型文章,需要熟练掌握科技主题文章行文特点与词汇习惯。
以下词汇依据个人长期阅读体验、教学经验、与学生共同练习科技类型文章总结,精心编制而成。
subject研究对象
sample(抽查的)样本,样品;(化验的)取样,样本;样品,货样
model型号
businessmodel商业模式
computermodelling使用计算机建立模型,以解释事理
Companiesintentionallydiscontinuesupportforoldermodels.
modelsth.on/aftersth.
tomakesth.sothatitlooks,works,etc.likesth.else模仿;仿照
Thecountry'sparliamentismodelledontheBritishsystem.
这个国家的议会是模仿英国的体制建立的。
pattern
AUKexpertsaidthatcouldexplaindifferentpatternsinflupandemics.
individualdifferences个体差异
version版本latestversion
thecontrol控制组(对照组)
layer:
层severallayersofmaterials
present给
present…with…
suggest:
show,indicate
context:
背景
dose:
一剂,一服;一份;一次;一点;
例如:
onedoseofpenicillin
HIV-negativeHIV病毒检测结果为阴性,说明没有感染HIV。
HIV-positive病毒检测结果为阳性
analternativeto
anti-
anti-theft;anti-airsystem
collect:
取出collectobjectsaccidentallytakenin
presentation:
演示
disorder:
aphysicalconditioninwhichthereisadisturbanceofnormalfunctioning失调;紊乱;不适;疾病
Thedoctorprescribedsomemedicineforthedisorder.
severementaldisorder严重心理疾病
rate:
1.[C]速度;进度
ameasurementofthespeedatwhichsth.happens
Mostpeoplewalkatanaveragerateof5kilometresanhour.
大多数人步行的平均速度为每小时5公里。
Thenumberofreportedcrimesisincreasingatanalarmingrate.
报警案件的数量正在以惊人的速度增长。
2.[C]比率;率
ameasurementofthenumberoftimessthhappensorexistsduringaparticularperiod
ahigh/low/risingrateofunemployment
高/低/不断增长的失业率
obesityrate
3.[C]价格;费用
afixedamountofmoneythatischargedorpaidforsth.
exchange/interestrates
汇率;利率
advertising/insurance/postal,etc.rates
广告费、保险费、邮费等
present/poseariskto对……构成威胁
alinkbetweenvideogamesandaggression
administer:
[oftenpassive]~sth(tosb)
(formal)给予,施用(药物等)
togivedrugs,medicine,etc.tosb
Thedosewasadministeredtothemanintravenously.
已给那男人静脉注射了这一剂量。
findoutthecauseofchange起因
causeandeffect因果
improvementalperformance
改善心理表现
studentsengageinaneasytask.从事简单任务的学生
(remarkable)individualdifferences(显著的)个体差异
figure数值,数据
Thatfigurecouldriseto98percentby2020.
描述心理现象的名词短语与解释示例:
rangeanxiety——drivers’concernsaboutrunningoutofelectricityonajourney.
changequiteconsiderably
performanceandprice性能与价格
emission-free/fare-free免车费的
petrol-powered使用汽油驱动的
pensioner老年人的代称,或领取养老金者
instantmessaging即时信息(如QQ,微信等)
governingbody管理机构
body团体;社团;群体
Asaninternationalbodychargedwiththemissionofkeepingworldpeaceanddevelopment,theUnitedNationscannotoperatewithoutfinancialsupportfromitsmembercountries.
Scotland’sUniversityCourtsaretheonlybodiesinScotlandauthorizedtoawarddegrees.
regulatebodyshapeandcirculation
regulatetheglobalclimate
(用规则条例)约束,控制,管理;调节,控制(速度、压力、温度等);
digitalaccess数字订阅(报纸、杂志等)
subjectto:
“受限于……”,“服从于……”,“易受……”;“在……条件下”,“依照……”;“服从于……”,“隶属于……”,“使经受……”
Thecompetitorswillbesubjecttorandomdrugtesting.
参赛者将要接受随机药检。
Wearesubjecttothelawsofthecountry.
我们受国家法律的约束。
Weareallsubjecttopowerfulsituationalfactorsthatlargelycontrolourbehaviors.
我们都受到一些强势情境因素的影响,这些因素在很大程度上控制了我们的行为。
Frequencyissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.
declinesteadily稳步下降
bearthecostsofraisingoff-springsontheirown
承担……费用
inthecaseofwolvesandAfricanwilddogs
healthcare卫生(健康)事业
reveal:
揭示;展示
revealthesecrethistory
revealthefactthat…
ThetruebeautyofMachuPicchuisfinallyrevealed.
Thedatarevealedtwoseparatepublicschoolsystemsinthecity.
Obesityresearchersarerevealingmanyotherwaysthatemploymentisharmfultoyourdietandwaistline
hurdleto……
Onehurdletothewidespreadadoptionofelectriccarshasbeen…
electricchargingstations充电站
occasion:
某次;…的时候;特别的事情(或仪式、庆典);适当的机会;时机
YoungJapanesewomenwearkimonosnotjustontraditionaloccasions,butatvarioussocialevents.
Onlyonspecialoccasions(场合)wouldtheytakethegoldmedaloutandletusholditinourhands.
note:
1.留心;注意
Ifyoutakenoteofsomething,youpayattentiontoitbecauseyouthinkthatitisimportantorsignificant.
2.指出;特别提到pointout
tomentionsthbecauseitisimportantorinteresting
[Vthat]Itisworthnotingthatthemostsuccessfulcompanieshadthelowestprices.
值得指出的是最成功的公司价格最低。
theformer,thelatter前者,后者
alike:
usedafteryouhavereferredtotwopeopleorgroups,tomean‘both’or‘equally’。
两者都;同样地
Goodmanagementbenefitsemployersandemployeesalike.
良好的管理对雇主和雇员同样有利。
Thebusinesshasdrawncriticismfromanimalwelfareadvocatesandwildlifeconservationistsalike.
simplyput
Simplyput,usingconversationsremovesthedangerofconflicts.
简单地讲,使用对话消除了冲突的危险。
carbonfootprint
是指企业机构、活动、产品或个人通过交通运输、食品生产和消费以及各类生产过程等引起的温室气体排放的集合。
这个概念用于描述人的能源意识和行为对自然界产生的影响。
practice
commonpractice
seekbetterpractices寻求更好做法
modernscientificpractices
Inpractice,childrenwhogrowupinneighborhoodswithlow-performingelementaryschoolstendtogotolow-performingmiddleschools.
projectv.
1.toestimatewhatthesize,costoramountofsthwillbeinthefuturebasedonwhatishappeningnow.预测;预计;推想同义词:
forecast
Agrowthrateof8%isprojectedfornextyear.
projectchanges
aclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughouttheyear
2.topresentsb/sth./yourselftootherpeopleinaparticularway,especiallyonethatgivesagoodimpression.展现;表现;确立(好印象)
adviceonhowtoprojectamorepositiveimageoftheircompany.
Everymentalimagethatawrittenwordprojectsisfulloflifeandenergywithemotions.
Workerslackanyawarenessthattheyarehandlingdangerousmaterials.
Increaseyourculturalawareness
alone
Withtheamountofwastegrowingaroundtheworld,recyclingalonewillnotbeenoughtosolvetheproblem.
addressv.
addresstheproblem
given:
1.thatyouhavestatedandarediscussing;particular指定的;所述的;特定的
Wecanfindouthowmuchmoneyisspentonbooksinanygivenperiod.
我们可以查明在特定时间内花在书籍上的钱有多少。
2.Ifyousaygiventhatsomethingisthecase,youmeantakingthatfactintoaccount.
考虑到;鉴于
GiventheuncertaintyoverJoe'sfutureIwasleftwithlittleotherchoice.
考虑到Joe前途未卜,我没有什么选择余地。
knowledge:
[U]知晓;知悉;了解
Thefilmwasmadewiththeauthor'sfullknowledgeandapproval.
这部影片是在作者充分了解和认可的情况下拍摄的。
Youshouldkeepthatknowledgetoyourself.
review:
workplaceperformancereview
工作表现绩效审核
strengthsandweaknesses
personalitytraits人格特征
varyv.
variation
1.(数量、水平等的)变化,变更,变异
achange,especiallyintheamountorlevelofsth
veryslightvariationsinpressure.
很微小的压力变化。
Currencyexchangeratesarealwayssubjecttovariation.
货币的兑换率始終波动。
regional/seasonalvariation(=dependingontheregionortimeofyear)
地区性/季节性变化
2.变异的东西;变种;变体
Oceancolorvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofmicroorganism(海洋微生物).
highlight突出,强调
Thisstudyhighlightsthatmanyquestionsremainandthatstudiesneedtoinvestigatemorethanonefactor.
peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economicbackgrounds
amajorfactor/thebiggestfactors/manyfactors
leadauthoroftheresearch
conducttrials
Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.
force:
Inagameoftug-of-war(拔河比赛),everyonepullstheropewithforce.
literacy:
theliteracyrate识字率
peoplefromallwalksoflife
assume:
Theirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.
Whenthescientiststarted,heassumedthatsignswouldberarer.
Althoughit’sassumedthatoldersiblingsandparentsaretheprimarysocializinginfluencesonyoungsiblings’developmentbutnotviceversa,wefoundthatbothyoungerandoldersiblingspositivelycontributedtoeachother’sempathyovertime.
Assuminganaveragerepaircostof$1,000percarandadownsizeofsixdays,switchingthecolourofalltaxistoyellowcouldproduceanannualsavingsof$2million.
Oncepeopleassumetheyarebeingfilmed,theyarelikelytokeepsilent.
shape:
ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture.
examine:
aseriousstudythathasexaminedtherelationshipbetweengunaccessandsuicideintheUnitedStates.
Itisthefirststudytoexaminehowlargeflesh-eatinganimalsrespondtosnowfallevents.
drive:
褒义,单数。
astrongdesiretodothingsandachievesth.;greatenergy.冲劲;干劲;精力
Hewilldoverywell.——Hehastremendousdrive.
他会干得很出色的——他干劲冲天。
TuYouyouisconsistentlypraisedforherdriveandpassion.
poll民意测验;民意调查
Arecentpollsuggestssomesurprisingchangesinpublicopinion.
session
1.一场;一节;一段时间
aperiodoftimethatisspentdoingaparticularactivity
aphotosession/atrainingsession
一次摄影/一堂训练课
Thecourseismadeupof12two-hoursessions.
这门课总共上12次,每次两小时。
journal:
anewspaperormagazinethatdealswithaparticularsubjectorprofession
(某学科或专业的)报纸,刊物,杂志
例:
theBritishMedicalJournal《英国医学杂志》
TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine《新英格兰医学期刊》
claim
Itisnotonlyclaimsforphysicalinjuriesthatarekeepingthelawyersbusy.
necessarily
SocialmediaandtheInternethavehadarapidandgreateffectontheEnglishlanguage,andnotnecessarilyforthebetter.
Thestudyfoundthatpeopleexhibitingimpulsivebehaviorweren’tnecessarilyoverweight.
characterize
Negativeurgencyischaracterizedbythetendencytobehaveimpulsivelywhenexperiencingnegativeemotions.
Thisresponsethenbecomesprogrammedinthebrain,makinganassociationbetweenbeinginatightspaceandfeelinganxiousorout-of-control.
feature
Itfeatureswell-knownself-portraitfromartistsincludingthosedrawnbyDutchpaintersvanGoghandRembrandt.
Ifyourhouseismorethanonestorytallorifyouliveabovethegroundfloorofanapartmentbuilding,anesc
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