Image-Schema.ppt
- 文档编号:18899200
- 上传时间:2024-02-10
- 格式:PPT
- 页数:19
- 大小:902KB
Image-Schema.ppt
《Image-Schema.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Image-Schema.ppt(19页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
ImageSchema(意象图式)(意象图式)nnJohnson,Mark.1987.Thebodyinthemind:
Thebodilybasisofmeaning,imagination,andreason.Chicago:
UniversityofChicagoPress.nn世界认知的两个层面nn事物认识事物范畴nn其关系认识其关系意象图式nn含义:
含义:
Animage-schemaisa“skeletal”mentalrepresentationofarecurrentpatternofembodied(especiallyspatialorkinesthetic)experience.意象图式是在对事物之间基本关系的认知的基意象图式是在对事物之间基本关系的认知的基础上所构成的认知结构础上所构成的认知结构nn类型:
类型:
Center-peripheryschemannInvolvesnnaphysicalormetaphoricalcoreaphysicalormetaphoricalcoreandedge,andandedge,andnndegreesofdistancefromthecore.degreesofdistancefromthecore.nnExamples(English):
nnAnindividualssocialsphere,withAnindividualssocialsphere,withfamilyandfriendsatthecoreandfamilyandfriendsatthecoreandothershavingdegreesofothershavingdegreesofperipheralityperipheralityContainmentschemannInvolvesaphysicalormetaphoricalnnBodilyexperience:
humanbodiesascontainers.nnStructuralelements:
interior,boundary,exteriornnExamples:
nnTheshipiscomingintoview.Theshipiscomingintoview.nnShesdeepinthought.Shesdeepinthought.nnWestoodinsilence.Westoodinsilence.CycleschemannInvolvesrepetitiouseventsandeventseries.Itsstructureincludesthefollowing:
nnAstartingpointAstartingpointnnAprogressionthroughsuccessiveeventsAprogressionthroughsuccessiveeventswithoutbacktrackingwithoutbacktrackingnnAreturntotheinitialstateAreturntotheinitialstatennTheschemaoftenhassuperimposedonitastructurethatbuildstowardaclimaxandthengoesthroughareleaseordecline.nnExamples(English)nnDaysDaysnnWeeksWeeksnnYearsYearsnnSleepingandwakingSleepingandwakingnnBreathingBreathingnnCirculationCirculationnnEmotionalbuildupandEmotionalbuildupandreleasereleaseEnd-of-pathschemannAnimageschemainwhichalocationisunderstoodastheterminationofaprescribedpathnnExample(English):
Inthefollowingsentence,itisunderstoodthatonemusttraversethehillbeforereachingSamshome,whichisattheendofthepath:
nnSamlivesoverthehill.Samlivesoverthehill.ForceschemannInvolvesphysicalormetaphoricalcausalinteraction.Itincludesthefollowingelements:
nnAsourceandtargetoftheforceAsourceandtargetoftheforcennAdirectionandintensityoftheforceAdirectionandintensityoftheforcennApathofmotionofthesourceand/ortargetApathofmotionofthesourceand/ortargetnnAsequenceofcausationAsequenceofcausationnnExamples(English):
nnPhysical:
Wind,GravityPhysical:
Wind,GravitynnStructuralelements:
force,path,entity,etc.Structuralelements:
force,path,entity,etc.nnInteraction,directionality,causalityInteraction,directionality,causalitynnCompulsionCompulsionnnBlockageBlockagennCounterforceCounterforcennDiversionDiversionnnRemovalofrestraintRemovalofrestraintLinkschemannConsistsoftwoormoreentities,connectedphysicallyormetaphorically,andthebondbetweenthem.EntityAEntityBnnExamples(English):
nnAchildholdinghermothersAchildholdinghermothershandhandnnSomeonepluggingalampSomeonepluggingalampintothewallintothewallnnAcausal“connection”Acausal“connection”nnKinship“ties”Kinship“ties”Part-wholeschemannInvolvesphysicalormetaphoricalwholesalongwiththeirpartsandaconfigurationoftheparts.nnExamples(English):
nnPhysical:
ThebodyanditspartsPhysical:
ThebodyanditspartsnnMetaphorical:
Thefamily;Metaphorical:
Thefamily;ThecastestructureofIndiaThecastestructureofIndiaPathschemannInvolvesphysicalormetaphoricalmovementfromplacetoplace,andnnconsistsofastartingpoint,agoal,andaseriesofintermediatepoints.nnExamples(English):
nnPhysical:
Paths;TrajectoriesnnMetaphorical:
Thepurpose-as-physical-goalmetaphor,asexpressedinthefollowingsentences:
nnTomhasTomhasgonealongwaygonealongwaytowardchanginghistowardchanginghispersonality.personality.nnYouhaveYouhavereachedthemidpointreachedthemidpointofyourflightofyourflighttraining.training.nnShesjustShesjuststartingoutstartingouttomakeherfortune.tomakeherfortune.nnJanewasJanewassidetrackedsidetrackedinhersearchforself-inhersearchforself-understanding.understanding.ScaleschemannInvolvesanincreaseordecreaseofphysicalormetaphoricalamount,andnnconsistsofanyofthefollowing:
nnAclosed-oropen-endedAclosed-oropen-endedprogressionofamountprogressionofamountnnApositionintheprogressionApositionintheprogressionofamountofamountnnOneormorenormsofamountOneormorenormsofamountnnAcalibrationofamountAcalibrationofamountnnExamples:
nnPhysicalamountsPhysicalamountsnnPropertiesinthenumbersystemPropertiesinthenumbersystemnnEconomicentitiessuchassupplyanddemandEconomicentitiessuchassupplyanddemandVerticalityschemannInvolves“up”and“down”relations.nnExamples:
nnStandinguprightStandinguprightnnClimbingstairsClimbingstairsnnViewingaflagpoleViewingaflagpolennWatchingwaterriseinatubWatchingwaterriseinatubAB
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Image Schema